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This provides a reduction in error of the algorithm after each iteration [9].
The feature of creating such observer is data preprocessing because the input data for processing are the stator currents and voltages.
Data preprocessing Data preprocessing performs conversion of currents, voltages and their delays to the polar coordinate system [12, 13]:: (3) In Fig. 1,a are presented the vector of current and its delay in the polar coordinate system, as in Fig. 1,b – principle of data conversion for learning of the neuroemulator according to equations (3).
For the neural network as input data used data from the preprocessing of unit, as well as the speed feedback delay.
Advanced Mathematics: Precalculus with Discrete Mathematics and Data Analysis / Andrew M.

Each tree is constructed using a different bootstrap data set with randomly chosen instances, and each node is split using the best among randomly selected features.
These two kinds of randomness make random forest more robust against model over-fitting and data noise.
Given data on a set of n sequences for training, D = {(X1, Y1), . . ., (Xn, Yn)}, where Xi, i=1, . . ., n, is an observed input vector of features and Yi is numerical outcome, the training algorithm is as follows: (1)From the training data of n sequences, draw a bootstrap sample
Specifically, performance for a regression algorithm should be evaluated using a large independent test data set that was not used in the training.
In practical application when the data is limited, some type of cross-validation has to be done, which, in some cases, could be computationally cumbersome.

It also send out all kinds of video images, sound, and the data stored on the SD card or NAND Flash.
In Fig. 5, The pins SPCE3200 associated with the LCD module consist of LCD_CLK (clock signal), LCD_ACT (data enable signal), LCD_VS (vertical sync signal), LCD_HS (horizontal sync signal), LCD_Data [15: 0] (data bus).
This design uses the file system interface function to read data collected by camera, the data appears in the LCD.
Last, the procedure calls the function read () can read the images data collected by the camera.
Because the image data need to display in the LCD screen the function lcd _drawrgb (() is called.

High spectral acquisition test All kinds of nitrogen level lettuce leaves is collected in the growth period, and sent to the indoor promptly to get the blade spectral data.
The spectral reflection map of lettuce in three different nitrogen levels Feature bands extraction The spectral data contains a large number of redundant data and noisy data, so it is necessary to reduce dimension and deal with the noise.
First of all, 350-450 nm and 2000-2500 nm spectral data are eliminated, and then to process the rest of the data.
Principal component analysis performs dimensionality reduction by projecting the original m-dimensional data onto the （k<data covariance matrix.
Given an input data matrix (Ndata（）.

So the set of data contains 150 examples with 4 dimensions and 3 classes.
Fig. 1 shows the results of data clustering based on KDA method adopting the radial basis function (RBF) kernel as Eq.4.
Comparison with KPCA KPCA, which is similar to KDA, is�Rne of the powerful techniques for extracting features from high dimensional data sets.
Data representation means that compressing data along the principal directions with little loss of structural information.
They also demonstrate the superiority of KDA for iris data classification and gear fault classification over KPCA.

Our data seems to follow the predicted Bloch behavior; however, best fit is only obtained when a and b both left as free-fitting parameters.
The excellent agreement with experimental data by varying both these parameters is shown in Figs. 3(a-c).
The errors in the Tirr and Tmax are shown in brackets with respective data.
Fig. 4 shows the ZFC data of sample C, which exhibit very broad hump and hence not fitted with the theory.
AC susceptibility data of unirradiated and irradiated samples Fig. 6 represents AC-susceptibility (cac) data of unirradiated and irradiated samples designated by solid line and open circles, respectively.

Only consistent data integration provides the strategic information basis for the identification of effective, company-specific measures.
By assigning semantic meaning, linkage, context and experiences to the raw data, knowledge can be developed [37].
The next possibility is testing with test data (16.3 %).
Franke, “Semantic Meta Model for the Description of Resource and Energy Data in the Energy Data Management Cycle,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, vol. 871. pp. 69-76, 2017
Data Eng., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 202–212, 1999

Using the theoretical equations, the stresses on the die surface have been calculated from the data of sensor resistances.
From the lattice data, the local stress stresses and all stress components can be computed.
Using the measured data and appropriate theoretical equations, the stresses differences on the die surface have been calculated.
Electrical wires were soldered to the PCB pads for data gathering.
Using the measured data and appropriate theoretical equations, the room temperature die surface stresses induced by the die attachment process have been calculated.

According to the conclusion from the statistical analysis for the questionnaires' data, the relationship between the environmental attitude and environmental behavior of the city dwellers is explored and the environmental issues of living place in Shenzhen are found out in the end.
The original data of questionnaire are analyzed by the IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 with frequency analysis, relation coefficient analysis, cross table analysis, statistical analysis and other related statistics.
The data analysis has confirmed the effect of environmental attitude is positively related to environmental behavior.
However, the analysis data also indicated dwellers with poor environmental knowledge almost tend not to have the habit of planting.
In addition, the questionnaire data are not screened for dimension reduction in detail; we just test the variables for one to one correlation coefficient by Spearman rank correlation coefficient test, so the questionnaire validity needs to be improved.

It is the traditional C/S mode, partial decomposition of the server as a data server and one or more application server (Web server ), and thus form a three-layer structure (3-tier) client-server system.
B/S system, such as SQL Server database server is installed on the client, simply install a browser, the user interface is fully realized through a WWW browser, the browser through the Web Server for data exchange with the database.
(2) the data on the system with high security requirements, requires a strong interaction, requiring large amounts of data processing subsystem using C/S mode of development, it can guarantee the reliability of the results and reduce the computer response time
(3) information dissemination, data entry using B/S structure is conducive to the release of information that will need to publish a notice posted online news in a timely manner, so that all staff receive timely information
For data query, deletions, display, modify functions are done by the database management system