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As a kind of basic fiber-optic apparatus structure, the output light ratio of fiber-optic coupler is also very sensitive to the distortion of coupling zone [1].
Coupler fabricated with simultaneous monitoring of the output power at the two output ports, the two fibers are fused and pulled until a certain degree of coupling ratio is obtained and resulting in a tapered structure.
Since the coupling fiber-optic vibration sensor has the merits of simple structure, easy production and lower cost demodulation, it should has good application prospects in special circumstances or special requirements vibration measuring system with further research and improvement.
:Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Vol.37(2010),p. 103-107 [7] C.H.Hsieh, T.L.Wu, W.H.Cheng: Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol.69(2006),p. 199-203

For images which are very noisy or whose structure is such that almost all the area inside the global box surrounding the image is occupied by structural details, this size-ratio may not be a good choice.
For large size-ratio equal to or even smaller than 1/4 of the side of the image, images with noisy or dispersed structures may appear as solid objects because they intersect almost all the boxes of the grid.
This has the advantage of allowing gradual assessment of structure behavior and giving a large number of points.
Avnir, in: The Fractal Approach to Heterogeneous Chemistry: Surfaces, Colloids, Polymers.

Our spectra also reveal fine structure, but not as distinct, possibly due to the dispersion of particles size.
The same line was ascribed in [13] to molecular structures formed on the particles surface due to their interaction with the matrix.
Magneto-optical measurements confirmed the assignment of nanoparticles structure to γ-Fe2O3 and, what is the most important, showed that maghemite is the only magnetic phase in all glasses.
Yu, Journal of Physical Chemistry C 111 (9) (2007) 3551

This development allows researchers to produce fibers with novel structure and geometry, and also a new way to manipulate fiber functionality.
The fiber structures from co-electrospinning process that have been reported until now include size-by-size [2], core-shell [3] and hollow fiber [4] geometry.
Bicomponent fiber structure.
Journal of electroanalytical Chemistry, 408, (1996), p.113-118 [11] T.

China 2 College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, P.
Introduction High performance damping materials are nowadays receiving more and more attention owing to their wide applications in passive damping components to control noise and stabilize structures to su- ppress the mechanical vibration and attenuate the wave propagation and to protect buildings against earthquake, etc [1–5].
Structures consisted of cement based composites with high damping performance can reduce the vibration damage resulted from typhoon, earthquake, explosion impact, and other geological disasters.
It can be seen that from the X-ray diffraction patterns that only the diffraction peaks for garnet-like structure Li6La2SrBi2O12 and no other extra peaks were observed.

The first phase to form during cooling from the liquid state of the Nickel-based alloy produced by laser cladded process is the primary Ni-rich dendrite and the left liquid eventually solidifies by a eutectic reaction into eutectic structure.
The addition of CeO2 in Nickel-based alloy can refine the dendritic structure obviously, as shown in Fig. 3c.
The microstructure of Ce-modified coating exhibits fine carbide dispersion in a soft matrix, where the hard carbide particles provide the resistance to abrasion, whereas the tough Ni-rich matrix serves as binder for the relatively brittle carbides, forming a structure ideally suited for wear resistant applications.
The size of dendrites decreases appreciably with the addition of Mo in alloy and it may result from the change in the nucleation pattern and/or the change in the chemistry of the solidification reaction.

The further developed grade Allvac 718PlusTM shall enhance the high temperature properties [3] that are attributed to the combined effects of chemistry, heat treatment as well as microstructure.
Allvac 718Plus TM is produced by triple melt technology and afterwards open die forged by several operations on a hydraulic and rotary forging equipment to achieve a homogenous structure in the cross section of the billet [5].
Materials softening after hot forming can be described solely by MDRX, if the previous deformation reached the steady state of the flow curve assuming a completely dynamically recrystallized structure.
Metallographic examination by light optical microscopy or the EBSD method is not possible to apply since the dynamically and metadynamically recrystallized structure only distinguish insignificantly by the mean grain size.

Biosorption of Nickel Ions by Modified Chitosan from Aqueous Solutions Wei Ma*1, a, Lianlian Gao1, b, Zihong Cheng1, c, Ren Wang1, Fujun Liu2, Dongmei Liu2, Decong Pan2 1 Department of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China 2 Dalian Ocean Fishery Group of Corporations, Dalian, 116023, China E-mail: a Wei Ma (mawei@dlut.edu.cn) b Lianlian Gao (gao910101@mail.dlut.edu.cn) c Zihong Cheng (naranjas@mail.dlut.edu.cn) Key words: Biosorption, Nickel Ions, Modification, Isotherm, Kinetics Abstract.
As a matter of fact, previous studies showed that chitosan powder has more effective property than others, but chitosan powder may dissolve in water to some degree, that is to say, chitosan powder requires special structure and shape.
Crosslinking has been usually adopted to produce the network structure, even with low degree of swelling.
Characterization and Experiments The surface structure and morphology of the modified chitosan were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM, JEOL JMS-5600LV), further, the functional group could be inferred by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR).

Pearce4,d 1Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand 2Department of Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand 3Panyapiwat Institute of Management, Nonthaburi, 11120, Thailand asasitorny59@nu.ac.th, b*ampornw@nu.ac.th, ctchairuangsri@gmail.com, djthp70@gmail.com Keywords: High chromium iron; Heat treatment; Microstructure; Tungsten Abstract.
The aim of such alloy additions is usually to achieve some modification of the eutectic carbide structure by obtaining harder carbides and to increase the hardenability of the matrix.
Microstructure The as-cast microstructure of the reference iron (R), shown by LM in Figure 3(a), consisted of primary austenite (g) dendrites with an interdendritic eutectic structure of M7C3 carbide + eutectic austenite, which had partially transformed to martensite (a¢) during cooling in the mold as shown by SEM in Figure 3(b).
From a previous work [7], the Fe/Cr ratio of the M7C3 and W-rich M23C6 were 0.34 and 0.62, respectively, and eutectic M7C3 partially transformed to M23C6 forming a core-shell structure during destabilisation heat treatment of the 30 wt.

This effect is most pronounced when alloys develop an amorphous state in their structure (AS).
If the whole alloy sample has a disordered atomic structure, it can be called an amorphous alloy (AA).
The Influence of the Fractional and Chemical Composition on the GAP To prove the existence of AS in the investigated GAP we have studied the influence of the chemical and fractional composition of the GAP on the structure and phase composition of a large array of powder alloys of the system Fe-TM-Nd-REM-B, where TM= Co, Ti, Mo, V, Al, Ga, In, Sc and REM= Tb, Dy [2,3].
The following standard methods of research were used: analytical chemistry, metallography, radiography, spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, calorimetry and magnetometry.