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Finally results indicate that the most influencing factor over these chemical reactions and CH4 and H2S conversions is reactor temperature.
Carbon black is widely used as filler in elastomers, tires, plastics and paints to modify the mechanical, electrical and optical properties of materials in which it is used [8], [9].As the prices of fossil fuel natural gas resources become important alternatives to replace increasingly exhausted reserves of high quality natural gases for the production of hydrogen and carbon black [2], [10].
Results show that the major factor influencing CH4 and H2S conversions is temperature.
Based on the presented results, the following conclusions may be drawn: The major factor influencing CH4 and H2S conversions is reactor temperature.
Since CH4 conversion occurs at lower temperatures compared with H2S conversion, the reactor temperature is significantly affected by the amount of CH4.

And based on this model, the control errors will be sharp, if the system works with large-scale varying inputs, strong disturbances and serious nonlinear factors [1,2].
As seen, optimal tracking control system is rarely affected by the varying duty, could follow the input continuously with a small error, and the stable error is .
The performance of optimal tracking control is affected by weight matrix's value, and this coincides with conclusions in [3]. 6.
Conclusion Factors such as nonlinearities of flow rates, asymmetries in the two motion directions, differences between volume changes and etc, cause the model of valve-controlled asymmetrical cylinder too complex to design an optimal controller.
[2] Junhong Yang, Ziqiang Yin, Shengyi Li: J. of Mechanical Eng., Vol. 42 No. 5 (2006), p. 203-207, in Chinese

Technology Spillover and Enterprise Innovation Cooperation in Complementary Products of Different Industries LU Xi 1,2,a, LIU Yongxian 1,b and PANG Hongmei 3,c 1 School of Mechanical Engineer & Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China 2 School of Management, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China 3 School of Economics, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China aylux@163.com, bliuyx@126.com, clittlelion_mei@163.com Keywords: core competitiveness, complementary product, R&D investment, production output Abstract.
Introduction With the patents, intellectual property and other achievements in the enterprise development more important obviously, R&D activities have become the embodiment of an enterprise's core competitiveness.
The model described the R&D cooperation competition model under the duopoly symmetric market structure, used backward induction to analyze R&D results, production, profits and other factors, compare the optimal R&D investment and output in the non-cooperation, semi-cooperation and cooperation situation, and yield the dynamic symmetric complete information model game in the case of the symmetrical R&D investments, overflow level and output[4].
Based on the analysis of technology transfer theory, Xu Bin (2008) deeply analyzed the factors affecting technology transformation of the Enterprise Institute, and focused on the establishment of cooperation and innovation mechanisms in the technology transfer of Enterprise Institute[7].

System Properties Hardware section of power distribution station computer monitoring system.
Unbalanced factor alarm: When the three-phase current or three-phase voltage transformation and distribution system imbalance (customizable range), the computer can automatically record the time, station number, loop through multimedia speakers sound alarm names
Resulting in system crash, software crash, system files are missing. ③Due to the different means of communication and surveillance systems used for event recording mode, the communication time is very important, it requires fast response aspects of surveillance systems have higher requirements. ④Interface capacity is not enough, the data of switch knife cannot be into the monitoring system so that intuitive wiring diagram is affected.
Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2004; [3] Yang Yue.
Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2003; [4]Zhang Wen-Liang,Tang Guang-Fu, Zha Kun-Peng etal.

For objective comparison of the performance, a normalized performance factor perf was proposed as Eq. 1.
For a good image quality, all the normalized performance factors are to be as small as possible, which leads to the minimum of the perf.
Summary We proposed a new design method that can determine the optimal sparse pattern of a 2D array transducer for 3D ultrasound imaging. 3D image qualities are affected not only by the side lobe level, grating lobe but also by main lobe properties, for example, on axis response and ripple in the main lobe.
Therefore we defined a performance factor, perf, that could describe the characteristics of radiation pattern and the on-axis response of a 2D array.
With the performance factor, we determined the optimal sparse pattern of a 2D array by the step-by-step method and the optimization method.

In addition, both trench aspect ratio and line spacing can largely affect the microstructure and texture in annealed damascene Cu interconnects.
With the feature size reducing to deep sub-micrometer level, the properties of interconnects are sensitive functions of micro-structural features.
Although microstructure and texture of damascene Cu interconnects is a very important responsible factor for EM reliability, it is still far less investigated.
After Cu lines were annealed, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was used to remove excess Cu.
(a) (b) (c) (d) Max=9.50 (e) Max=8.76 (f) Max=9.04 Fig. 2 SEM images depicting the sectional identified areas by XRD and corresponding ODF j2=45° sections (levels: 2, 4, 6, 8) for different trench aspect ratio in Cu lines: (a), (d) 0.024; (b), (e) 0.062; (c), (f) 0.255 Fig. 3 Volume fraction of {111} fibre, {111}<110> and {111}<112> texture components for Cu lines as a function of trench aspect ratio Grain size not only affects the resistivity but also the reliability of Cu interconnects.

These studies involve many unseen factors which could affect the data, weight of the examined patient, condition of the soft tissue of the knee joint, precise positioning of the joint component, and stress condition between the joints, among others.
These uncontrolled factors often lead to statistical errors.
The settings for each component's material properties were as follows: Young's modulus for Co-Cr alloy was 220 GPa with Poisson's ratio of 0.3; Young's modulus for UHMWPE was 500 MPa with Poisson's ratio of 0.4 and a yield strength of 14.4 MPa [9, 10].
The central axis of the coronal plane of the femoral component was parallel to the mechanical axis, and perpendicular to the joint line (JL), whereas the bottom face of the PE tibial component was parallel to JL.
Engh: Patient, implant, and alignment factors associated with revision of medial compartment unicondylar arthroplasty.

When materials of different compositions are bonded together, diffusion can occur at elevated temperatures and the product can undergo changes in internal structure as well as in mechanical properties.
The interface instabilities affect the integrity of any multiphase product [1-4] As a powerful diffusion interface microstructure simulation method, the phase field model has attracted many interests on the diffusion behavior and microstructure transformation of materials [5-9].
The interface movement direction, atoms diffusion direction and microstructure of the diffusion couples affected by the nonequalibrium concentration, temperature and mobility were investigated.
They are related to the diffusivity through Einstein’s relation, where i denotes the element A or B, R is the gas constant and T is the absolute temperature, Di is the diffusion coefficient of species i and can be given by the Arrhenius equation, in which Ai is called frequency factor, and Qi is activation energy.

The listed factors are the cause of intensive paraffin crystallization on the walls of equipment during mining, transportation and storage of oil.
Thus, here are presented results of an experimental study of impacts of the chemical nature of the solvent on crystallization/melting processes of paraffin systems in order to create an insulating layer made from paraffin deposits with specified properties.
The subjects of our study were 10% wt. solutions of this ARPD in gas condensate (GC) [3], produced in the Irelyakhskoye oil and gas field and currently used for removal of ARPD, and in n-undecane (n-С11) - as a model of its gasoline fraction, as well as in the their composite solutions with the addition of cyclohexane and p-xylene - for assessment of effects of naphthenic and aromatic components in the composition of GC and n-С11 on properties of crystallized paraffins.
This factor allows us to favor a triple solvent with GC, as its usage does not require fractionation, and, therefore, it will be more profitable.
Crystallization and dissolution temperatures, and Newtonian and non-Newtonian flow properties, Energy&Fuels. 5 (1991) 895-908

The suitable size of white pigment particles used in cosmetics is difficult to determine because the size of the pores in skin is affected by factors such as age, gender, and climate.
Yamaguchi, Influence of ultrasonic treatment on preparation and powder properties of titanium phosphates, J.
Toyama, Preparation and powder properties of zinc phosphates with additives, Ceram.
Shashikala, Optical, dielectric and mechanical properties of silver nanoparticle embedded calcium phosphate glass, J.
Lin, Cosmetic properties of TiO2/mica-BN composite powder prepared by spray drying, Ceram.