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Mechanism of stock removal in this process is a result of spark synergy of electrical discharges occurred between metal binding of grinding wheel and machined surface layer and abrasive grains machining of cutting surface of grinding wheel (CSGW).
An essential problem concerning AEDG process is on the other hand the heat generation in the contact zone of the grinding wheel and workpiece, caused by machining work of abrasive grains of the grinding wheel and the energy spark discharges in electro erosion processes.
The increase of the grinding temperature due to heat producing action causes a number of unfavorable changes on the surface layer of the workpiece.

The dynamic process of crystallisation and recrystallisation during the oxidation modifies the oxygen diffusion coefficient by decreasing the grain size distribution and finally the number of short circuit paths in the oxide layer along the grain boundaries.

The bed was composed of powder mixture of Al (99.5% purity, grain size 200 μm)-silicon (97.5% purity, grain size about 40 μm) as metallic donor.
Equivalent circuit of protective scale model Taking into account the dispersion effect, a constant phase angle element CPE = [Q(jω) n] -1 was used to describe the element Cdl and Cox in the fitting procedure, where j is the imaginary number, Q is the frequency independent real constant, ω= 2πf is the angular frequency (rad/s), f is the frequency of the applied signal and n is the CPE exponent[8].

Furthermore, large numbers of the sample are more needed for further analysis to present valid equations with having a high correlation.
Dwivedi, Prediction of Compression Index (Cc) of Fine Grained Remolded Soils from Basic Soil Properties, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research. 11, 1 (2016) 592-598
[9] A.Sridharan and Nagaraj H.B, Compressibility Behaviour of Remoulded, Fine-Grained Soils and Correlation with Index Properties, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. 37 (2000), 712-722

The mechanisms of both swelling and shrinkage in expansive soils are complex and they are influenced by a number of factors.
Fig. 1 X-ray diffraction patterns of the soils used in the test program Table 1 Physical properties of expansive soils studied Liquid limit (%) Plasticity index (%) Shrinkage limit (%) Grain size distribution Optimum moisture content (g/cm³) Maximum dry density (%) Free swell (%) Sand(%) Silt(%) Clay(%) 56.1 25.5 7.44 15.6 44.5 40.9 18.2 1.83 51.5 Initial moisture content and initial dry density are important parameters in affecting the swelling behavior[5-6].
Swelling behaviour of compacted fine-grained soils.

In the last years, an increasing number of papers was published on FSW of magnesium alloys.
It was found that optimum level of heat generation, formation of finer grains, and higher hardness are the main reasons for the superior tensile properties of the joints.
The absence of defects in weld region, presence of very fine equiaxed grains in the weld region and higher hardness in the weld region were identified as the main reasons for superior tensile properties of these joints.

Stress-strain values were stored and processed to determine cyclic stress responses and plastic strain amplitudes as a function of the number of cycles.
Dynamic recrystallization It is important to determine the microstructure evolution during industrial hot rolling, which can predict the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled products, design the most effective hot rolling process to obtain the customer requirement, reduce the costs for routine operations and develop new products[12].Recrystallization is a process of fundamental importance in the thermo-mechanical processing of metals and alloys, which can result in grain refinement, reduce deformation resistance and directly affect the microstructures of the final product[13].
However, the mechanisms responsible for the grain refinement of austenite have not yet been clearly described and identified.

As indicated in Figure 2, this difference in cooling or solidification rates between the thin and thick sections significantly impacts both their grain structure and properties.
However, the detection of the relatively high Al (10.07 at%) content in the Mg-Al-Zn phase and low Al level (4.28 at%) in the primary α-Mg grain of the 20-mm section implied that the slow cooling promoted the migration of Al from the primary phase to the micron Mg-Al-Zn phase during solidification.
While Figure 11(a) indicates that pores in small sizes are visible in the thin wall (6 mm), Figures 11(b) and (c) show a noticeable number of large pores in both the 10 mm and 20 mm specimens, respectively.

There appear a great many dislocation cells inside the grain and there exist numbers of dislocations on the cell wall.
Firstly, with cold drawing, the dislocation density in the sample grain greatly increases.

Due to nuclear power, wind power is few in number, is ignored in the calculation, only to hydropower data representative of power.
The biological resources consumption items in accordance with the "China Statistical Yearbook" into the grain (wheat, corn, soybean, rice), edible vegetable oil, meat(pigs, cattle, sheep, poultry and eggs), fruit, milk, fresh vegetables, aquatic products, nuts and nuts, wine and a total of 38 item.
Table 3-2 Biological productive land type and the corresponding export commodities Cultivated land Pig pork chicken eggs vegetables cultivated cereal grain edible oil fruits and nuts peanut cotton fabric silk pig temples casings Grassland Beef, rabbit hair down and feather Woodland Tea medicinal natural honey canned mushroom logs sawn timber furniture bamboo rattan grass Liubian products, paper and paperboard Water Water seafood sashimi Table 3-3 Energy trade footprint (unit: hm2) Direct ecological footprint Embedding trade ecological footprint The total ecological footprint of energy trade Year Import Export Import Export Import Export 2002 225.44 206.77 396382 2224392.3 396607.44 2224599 2003 286.56 238.44 405168 2235589.5 405454.56 2235828 2004 3812.75 2154.75 1141 1802381.30 4953.75 18024536 2005 393.73 201.9 1243.2 1951522.00 1635.93 1951724 2006 457.17