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Macro-transport (MT) models [1] are used to describe solidification over large distances within the castings whereas micro-models [2-3] which include solidification kinetics (SK), nucleation and growth laws describe microscopic scale changes such as micro solute transport, volumetric grain density, grain growth, phase transitions and many others.
The effect of radiation heat transfer on the grain size evolution was however not coupled.
In order to save computational time, subsequent calculations were done using 10000 numbers of nodes.
Previous models Voller and Swaminathan, [21] produced solid fraction plots that have jump discontinuity at the beginning and end of the curves which were reduced by applying large arbitrary numbers (about 108).
Additionally, large arbitrary number was not applied in the current work and the transition from liquid to solid maintains a smooth changing function till the end of solidification.

Both scientific and industrial research pursuits are dedicated to the precise and comprehensive modulation of microstructural attributes (density, imperfections, grain dimensions, surface texture, crystal alignment, and an array of additional parameters).
The NPT (isothermal-isobaric) ensemble, i.e., the number of atoms N, the pressure of the system P, and the temperature T are held constant.
Furthermore, microstructural effects, including grain boundaries or defects within the material, contribute to the distribution of stresses within the Al structure, leading to diverse responses in distinct directions. 2.2.
The underlying algorithm involves determining the number of particles inside the spatial interval r to r+Δr.
The number of Fcc structures starts to decrease and continues this trend until the deformation reaches 0.174.

Research in materials science in Poland is undertaken in a number of institutes and universities.
The following parameters have been used to rank the institutions: • number of publications in international and domestic journals, • number of degrees awarded, • number of patents and registered innovations, • number of certified test laboratories • weighted number of proved applications of their research results outside the institution.
The general feeling is that their number is marginal.
A number of methods are used for processing nano-metals via severe plastic deformation.
One of the projects aims at a quantitative description of grain boundary effects on mechanical properties of nano-metals obtained via different technological routes (nanocrystallization, powder compacting, severe plastic deformation).

Then, a number of the best features are taken to form the feature subset.
Document Frequency (DF) For each unique term t, DF (t) is the number of documents in which the term t occurs in a document set.
Definition 2.1 Categorical Term Frequency Probability (CTFP) (5) (6) : Term frequency of term t occurs in category, : Categorical term frequency distribution probability of term t in category : Number of the documents in category : Number of categories in corpus CTFP feature selection criterion: All terms are independently scored according to CTFP.
Definition 2.3 Maximum Term Frequency Category Tendency Factor (MTFCTF) (10) (11) : Number of categories in corpus.
The second one is to propose the CTFP_VM feature selection algorithm and compare the F1-metric with traditional algorism such as CHI, IG and ECE from 200 to 1000 numbers of features subsets on two corpuses.

Experiment planning is a structured process for selecting the experiments number and conditions that are necessary and sufficient to obtain the task with the required accuracy [3, 4].
Methods: On the one hand, this paper will analyze the chemical composition and the grain composition of BA and OPC by laser granulometry method using the BT-9300Z device (China).
The precise value of α - “star shoulder” depends on certain properties desired for the design and on the number of variables involved.
Levels and intervals of the CCD varying factors Parameter factors Description factors Levels varying factors Intervals varying factors -1.414 -1 0 +1 +1.414 BA amount (%) x1 14.5 20 30 40 45.5 10% and 5.5% EPS Amount (%) x2 24.5 30 40 50 55.5 10% and 5.5% The number of the CCD experiments for the two factors is indicated by formula (2): N = 2k +2×k + m. (2) where: k is the factors number (k = 2) and m is the trials number repeating at the center (m = 5 as suggested by Williams [1] and Wackerly et al. [2]).
is the estimation of the inadequacy dispersion, determined by equation (7): , (7) Where: B is the coefficient numbers of the second-order regression equation that were significant (B = 6), Yj is the observed value of the i-th experiment, andis the obtained value of the experimental function in accordance with the i-th experiment, is the Fisher criterion value, obtained from the references data [15], with a significant level of a = 0.05; f1 is the number of freedom degrees for the residual variance ; f2 is the number of freedom degrees for estimating the observed variance .

As a result of testing the large number of organic liquids, it was established that benzyl alcohol is the most suitable medium for the reduction of nickel compounds.
Mean size of grains in the aggregates, determined on the basis of broadening of X-ray lines, is approximately the same in all the cases: about 100 nm.

This required generating a large number of specimens by systematically varying the gauge length, gauge width, grip length and width of a standard geometry.
Fig. 1 Overall test specimen geometry with a list of all the different geometrical parameters All specimens were machined from an AZ31B-H24 magnesium sheet; a material known for its relatively small grain size and hence good superplastic behaviour in the as-received condition.
Also, let us not forget that these numbers are based on a moderate plastic strain of 1.25; deforming other superplastic materials to larger strain limits would certainly inflate these numbers.

Connected with the outlet of the spindle, the injection head flushing out pollutants rotates close to the entrance of each heat exchange tube with the rotation of spindle .This is the process of rotating wash. 1-heat exchanger bundle; 2-spindle outlet; 3-tube plate; 4-injection head flushing out pollutants; 5-spindle; 6-rotary joint; 7- large sprocket; 8-small sprocket; 9- electric motor;10-reducer; 11-high pressure sewage pump; 12-head; Fig.4 function principle of the HRF heat exchanger The design calculation of the flushing scheme for the heat exchanger The root number of heat exchange tubes flushed in turn is closely related with the cost of the pump, too big numbers can cause unnecessary waste of the initial investment, but too small numbers will increase the difficulty of rotating flushing technology.
pump efficiency (%); -theory shaft power (kW); -electrical power (kW);  -electricity consumption (kWh). ,, are substituted into equation (1): . the coefficient of friction resistance is calculated by, take the equivalent grain roughness height，; so, , take the import and export friction resistance of the heat exchanger , and take the local resistance coefficient , so ＝1.0+1.0+2.5＝4.5, substitute , , , , into formula (2) (3), so, , .
In theory, the less the rinsing number of heat exchange tubes the less the increase of the initial system investment, but limited by the process technology, the rinsing root number has a lower limit.
As in the sewage source heat pump system the sewage heat exchanger has the characteristic of large flow and low temperature, therefore the number of heat exchange tubes are relatively large, generally in the 400-700 range.
But because the tube plate angle corresponding to the injection head flushing out pollutants can not be too small in this program, otherwise the process is impossible, generally the angle should be greater than 10°, so the minimum number of heat transfer tubes corresponding to the injection head flushing out pollutants should be between10-20.

- is the number of coordination spheres for interatomic interaction, I.
The numbers are also called coordination numbers.
It is assumed that any atom from the first coordination spheres can take the place of a vacancy, and the number for such atoms is , where are coordination numbers.
Time is measured by the number to elementary diffusion events.
Grinkevich, The influence of grain size on low-stability pre-transitional structural-phase states of NiAl intermetallide, Russ.

Once this condition removed, the number of necessary thrusters reduces to only six, as depicted in the drawing.
It does not necessary mean that the overall consumption obeys the same ratio, as far as the number of impulses for accomplishing the control may be in the reversed ratio.
Geometrically speaking, the misalignment of the braking SRM, including the solid, tubular propellant grain, is well below one tenth of a millimeter, the actual cause persisting in the nonsymmetrical burn of the propellant grain.
Cacoveanu, „First flight experiment with the NERVA-1 inertial platform”, Proceedings of 2010 International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Robotics and Aerospace ICMERA-2010, ISBN 978-1-4244-8867-4, IEEE Catalog Number CFP1057L-PRT, December 2-4, Bucharest, Romania, 2010, pp. 312-316
Number IAF-97-A.7.10. 48th International Astronautical Congress, Turin (Italy), October 1997