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By now, a number of investigations aimed at studying the possibility to prepare monophase materials and composites on the basis of such a UDD powder have been performed.
Only in [1], a scheme of development of the granular structure in UDD-based polycrystals, which includes the stages of formation of dense aggregates and centers of collective grain growth on their base, has been presented.
On the whole, such dependence is likely to exist, but it manifests itself through the change in density of specimens, i.e., the higher the density of the specimens, the larger the number of monolithic clusters in their microstructures.
The size of clusters, which is determined by the number of particles being in contact, slightly changes (does not exceed 20 nm) to a sintering temperature ≤ 1500 °C.

When the material is heated to above the maximum solution temperature, the problem of grain boundary melting may originate and so the material failures.
=3mA1-m2+mA2-m2+mA3-m2 (3) Table 3 L9 orthogonal array Test number A B C D 1 485 2 15 250 2 485 10 30 750 3 485 30 45 2500 4 493 2 30 2500 5 493 10 45 250 6 493 30 15 750 7 505 2 45 750 8 505 10 15 2500 9 505 30 30 250 Where m is the overall mean of the η.
Degree of freedom is equal to one minus the level number.
The error mean square is calculated by adding the minimum values of the sum of squares up to the number parameters.

The general morphology of coating internal microstructure can be explained by the theory of metal solidification [10].Due to the large temperature gradient and low solidification speed, the bottom of the coating mainly consists of large cellular crystal and columnar crystal, crystalline grains grow from interface to the coating center with obvious directivity.
As the solidification front goes on to the coating surface, the temperature gradient decreases but solidification speed increases, Coating microstructure turn into a large number of dendritic structure and under the effect of agitation by laser the growth direction becomes disorderly, as illustrated in Fig. 2(b).
The nonuniformity of the coating microstructure caused by the strong stirring effect of laser and the existence of large number of hard phases W, WSi2 lead to the friction coefficient slight fluctuation.
(1) The main microstructure of the Ni-W-Si coating are primary W dendrite, large number of needle-like or lamellar W/WSi2 eutectics that filled in the interdendritic region and some (Fe, Ni) solid solution

After 5 ks of mechanical alloying (Fig. 1, b), decrease in the number of particles with size from 5 to 20 μm is observed, the powders have a plate-like shape with pronounced planes.
The number of particles with irregular shape has increased at the processing time of 15 ks (Fig. 1, d), the number of particles larger than 100 μm has decreased.
[4] Pan, D., Xu, Q., Liu, B. et al., Modeling of grain selection during directional solidification of single crystal superalloy turbine blade castings.

The addition of up to 10% coke to the charge had an insignificant effect on the strength of the pellets (Table 3, experiment 5), which indicates a decisive effect on the strength of the pelletized coarse-grained materials of the type and amount of binders.
Influence of heating temperature on the strength of the pellets (The numbers at the curves are the numbers of the pellets in Table 3) Summary Thus, the laboratory studies carried out have shown the possibility of obtaining non-fired pellets dried at 100 °C from ore fines of fractions 0-5 mm, using a reducing agent [18] and clay as a binder material, which meet, in terms of strength characteristics, the requirements for charge materials for melting in low-pit ore-thermal ovens.
The control is carried out by changing the angle of inclination, the number of revolutions, moistening certain places of the moving material streams.

By increasing the rolling temperature, alloy ductility should be improved, resulting in a lower mechanical damage of the final product without compromising the processing grain refinement capacity.
In Fig. 4, typical evolutions of the initial εi, permanent εp and two-way εTW strains are plotted as functions of the number of cycles for five processing routes.
In Fig. 5, the recovery stress evolution is plotted as a function of the number of cycles for all processing routes.
The maximum recoverable stresses, the number of cycles at failure Nf and the stress recovery degradation rate are collected in Table 3.
Those tests were used to determine the recovery stress and strain as well as the number of cycles at failure.

The number of specimens used in this study amounted to 20 specimens.
Specimens were then divided into two groups, namely Group A (Number 10 specimens, the Fuji IX type II GIC) and group B (number of 10 specimens, the type II GIC added 5% nanoparticle silica).
However, the 2 GIC type II specimen has a larger number (19.1 μm) compared to silica modification (11.0 μm).
The presence of granular grains on cement powder and liquid also add to the strength of its adhesions, where granular grains act as fillers that will fill the adhesion bond between the restoration and teeth.[12] Researchers suspect on GIC silica modification has better properties compared to GIC type II (Fuji IX) because it is better to bond the enamel formed compared to dentin.

., nano-sized particles, which could permit to form finely grained coatings.
Jodoin [16] has shown that the design of the Mach number of an air nozzle should be limited to 1.5 and above to avoid too high temperature.
To reduce the intensity of this bow shock, the Mach number must be reduced [16].
After a heat treatment above the crystallization temperature (568°C which is less than half melting temperature), the structure of the coatings is devitrified into a multiphase nano-composite microstructure with 75 to 125 nm grains containing a distribution of 20 nm second-phase grain-boundary precipitates [276].
Recently, a grain-growth inhibitor was developed to prevent WC dissolution in the binder, not only maintaining very small grains, but also maintaining their original shape; its drawback is that it decreases the cohesion between WC and binder [310].

They owe many of their favourable properties to their amorphous structure, which does not contain lattice defects such as grain-boundaries and dislocations.
Later SSAR has been detected for a number of combinations of metals.
The crystallised sample has a complicated two-phase microstructure with a high density of grain- and phase-boundaries, which may act as diffusion short circuits
The number of atoms participating in a collective jump event depends on the composition of the glassy metal..
The diffusion profiles were analysed by the authors assuming type-C kinetics of grain-boundary diffusion.

During choosing the initial clustering number, the paper references the characteristics of users, first select an appropriate number of clustering and analysis through clustering results, then adjusting the cluster number, seeking to achieve optimal clustering effect.
Where represents the satisfaction degree of interaction, represents the number of interaction.
(2) The number of interaction.
We use the interval number of interaction as the attenuation factor.
A fine grain trust model based on domain and Bayesian network for P2P E-commerce system [J].