Search results

The softening mechanisms (reversion, recrystallization and grain growth) of the temper-rolled austenitic stainless steel are explained for example in Refs. 7 and 8.
In the UHS steel, the cold formed structure transforms back to soft coarse grained austenite and the hardness increases gradually away from the weld metal.
The increase in number of welds from 1 to 4 increased the YSS by 4.2 and 3.8 times so the increase in YSS was more efficient with the AR steel.

A number of authors have studied the influence of aggregate composition on lime mortars.
Nevertheless, the grains of quartz aggregate have more rounded shapes in a manner (Figure 2).
Grain size distribution of the aggregates and the filler.

Because multi-valences of vanadium make it capable of forming several numbers of oxides and VO2 can appear as polymorph structures.
The higher temperature contributes to an escape of oxygen from grain boundaries, resulting in better crystallinity of the V2O3 films.
The VxOy species with enough energy diffuse and coalesce together to form the crystalline phase and grain growth.

As a effective method to investigate the atomic distribution [2,3,4], Monte Carlo simulation has been used to study the transformation of ordered structures, grain growth and transformation of ferromagnetic materials[4,6].
It is showed that the average size and number density of Zn clusters increases with the increase of Monte Carlo steps.
Fig. 2 Average size (a) and number density (b) of Zn clusters as function of MCS in Al-2.6Zn-2.3Mg-(xEr) alloy Fig. 3a and Fig. 3b are the average size and the number density of Zn/Mg clusters as function of MCS in Al-2.6Zn-2.3Mg-(xEr) alloy respectively.
The number density of the Zn/Mg clusters in the alloys with Er addition is higher than that in the alloys without Er, and the increment percent is about four percent.
The combination of Er with vacancy makes the number of mobile vacancies desrease and therefore drcreases the size of clusters.

Hounsfield of England, one of the inventors of CT unit, gives the concept of CT number.
The unit of CT number is referred to as HU (Hounsfield Unit), 1000 is the scaling factor of HU.
In terms of this definition, the CT number of air is – 1000(HU), and the CT number of pure water is 0(HU).
The CT number of a material reflects its essence density, i.e., the higher the CT number is, the greater the density is.
The CT images present the tendency of loess grains from single particles to particles aggregates, and the porosity reduces obviously and brightness increases.

The discrete encoding manner is adopted, and the real solutions are kept when ants code, therefore, real number or discrete encoding manner is adopted in cross and variation operation.
This problem is solved by NSGAII, the encoding use real numbers.
Set the number of population is 20, crossover possibility is 0.9, mutation possibility is 0.1, is 100, the number of population renewing used the expression , stands for the iteration times.
The number of ants is set as 16 to maintain the diversity of this problem better, the number of ants which enhance the local capacity of searching optimal solution by using the manner of positive feedback is 4.
Multi-objective Runner Optimization of Injection Mold Based on Variable-grain Strategy.

The equivalence-bond number can be calculated according to reference [6, 10].
The bond, in especial, covalence bond will crack in matrix during superplastic deformation, which the dominant mechanism of superplastic deformation is that grain boundary sliding process will be accompanied by dislocations.
The bigger the difference of the number of the neighbor covalence electrons is, the stronger outside force is needed.
The brittleness crack will appear in metal materials when the number of covalence electron changes.
Acknowledgment This work was financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Project number 50061001; supported by the Science Foundation of Guangxi Province under Project number 0342004-1; supported by the Ten-Hundred-Thousand Talent Project of Guangxi Province under Project number 2001207.

It is clearly seen that the system consists of several grains, namely the system is in a polycrystalline state.
This may be due to the large number of defects included in these nanoparticles.

Experiment The TiO2 target was prepared from nanoparticles (anatase, 99.7% purity, Aldrich Chem.) of a grain size < 25 nm with the addition of organic compound - polyethylene glycol used as a binder.
The number of laser pulses applied for sample preparation typically did not exceed 72 000.

As opposed to formation of a single localized crack, multiple cracking manifests itself by generation of a large number of distributed matrix cracks bridged by fibers [3][4].
F-110 fine silica sand from US silica with a maximum grain size of 250µm and a mean size of 110µm was adopted in the mixture.