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Online since: October 2018
Authors: N.Yu. Dudareva, A.B. Kruglov, Rida Gallyamova
Due to this reason, the total number of works related to the measurement of the thermal conductivity of the MAO layers at the moment is very small.
According to this model, the thermal conductivity inside the crystal grains corresponds to the thermal conductivity of bulk crystals, and phonon hopping is observed on the grain boundary.
According to this model, the thermal conductivity inside the crystal grains corresponds to the thermal conductivity of bulk crystals, and phonon hopping is observed on the grain boundary.
Online since: July 2012
Authors: Yu Bing Zha, Chun Liang Yang, Jun Hua Ren, Ming Yue Wang, Yong Zhou Wang, Cheng Yu Luo, Li Rong Zhang
Grain cereals
The samples (5*0.01 g) were prepared by adding 5 ml water for wetting, placed for 5 min, added 15 ml acetonitrile and swirled for 3 min.
The number of the degrease procedure depended on the oil content of oil crops.
Purification Vegetables, fruits, grain cereals and oil crops Samples were extracted using Alumina B extraction cartridges.
The number of the degrease procedure depended on the oil content of oil crops.
Purification Vegetables, fruits, grain cereals and oil crops Samples were extracted using Alumina B extraction cartridges.
Online since: July 2016
Authors: Madeleine Apostol, Jovito Leo Lobigan, John Kenneth Cruz
Also, surface grains vary in sizes.
Introduction In the Philippines, there have been a big number of medical equipment imports since year 2004 [1].
Introduction In the Philippines, there have been a big number of medical equipment imports since year 2004 [1].
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Qi Chun Hu, Qi Li Zhu, Ke Pan
Among all farmers, the number of rural labour force is 0.345 million.
It has scaled grain, oil, livestock, tea, bamboo, fruit, vegetable production base and leading enterprise in agriculture industralization.
The number of live meat pigs to market was increased year by year.
With the formation of scaled breeding industry, the annual number of live meat pigs to market increased obviously.
As is shown in Fig.3, the number of middle scale pig farms were more than small and large scale pig farms.
It has scaled grain, oil, livestock, tea, bamboo, fruit, vegetable production base and leading enterprise in agriculture industralization.
The number of live meat pigs to market was increased year by year.
With the formation of scaled breeding industry, the annual number of live meat pigs to market increased obviously.
As is shown in Fig.3, the number of middle scale pig farms were more than small and large scale pig farms.
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Guo Jun Cai, Yong Hong Miao, Song Yu Liu
Rf, friction ratio; u2, pore pressure
A primary purpose of the CPT is to identify the soil layer boundaries and determine soil type in terms of the grain size.
Therefore the Takesue et al. method ranks number one according to this criterion and is given R1=1 (R1 is the rank based on this criterion).
Based on the results of this analysis, the Eslami and Fellenius (1997) and Takesue et al. (1998) methods have rank number one.
The De Ruiter and Beringen (1979) method ranks number three while the Bustamante and Gianeselli (LCPC) (1982) method ranks number four.
The Clisby method showed the lowest performance among all methods and therefore it ranks number six.
Therefore the Takesue et al. method ranks number one according to this criterion and is given R1=1 (R1 is the rank based on this criterion).
Based on the results of this analysis, the Eslami and Fellenius (1997) and Takesue et al. (1998) methods have rank number one.
The De Ruiter and Beringen (1979) method ranks number three while the Bustamante and Gianeselli (LCPC) (1982) method ranks number four.
The Clisby method showed the lowest performance among all methods and therefore it ranks number six.
Online since: May 2009
Authors: Wan Li Xiong, Ju Long Yuan, Lang Lv
In terms of the conservation law of
primary magnetic flux, they can be formulated as
( )
( )
++
=
−
=
+
=
=
92
28
121
4
62
12
1
3
5
121
2
31
121
1
3
4
)2(
3
4
xKrxpFK
xx
g
xZK
xx
g
rxpFK
xx
g
xZK xx
g
sFe
Fe
s
sFe
Fe
π
δπ
π
π
(4)
Where 1g represents the tooth magnetic flux density of the stator, FeK is the laminated
coefficient of the stator and the rotor iron cores, 1Z is the number of stator slots. 2g is the yoke
magnetic flux density of the stator, sF is the wave amplitude coefficient of magnetic field, p is
the number of pole pairs, sr is the radius of stator slot bottom. 3g denotes the tooth magnetic flux density of the rotor, δ is the air-gap length, 2Z is the number of rotor slots. 4g is the yoke
magnetic flux density of the rotor, 2r is the radius of rotor slot bottom, 2K is the depth coefficient
of the shaft penetrated by magnetic flux
As for an inverter-fed induction motor, the stator and the rotor iron cores are made of crystal grain non-oriented and cold-rolled silicon steel sheets [13].
Procedures of Optimization Design The procedures of optimizing electric and magnetic design of an inverter-fed induction motor used for ultra-precision machine tool motorized spindles are involved as follow (1) The rated power, the design frequency, the air-gap length, the number of the stator and the rotor slots, etc must be decided. (2) The above optimization problem mentioned is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained non-linear programming problem by adopting SUMT
Table 1 Design specifications Number of Phases 3 Number of pole pairs 1 Rated power (kW) 3 Rated line voltage (V) 320 Design frequency (Hz) 300 Rated speed (rpm) 18,000 Maximum speed (rpm) 24,000 Air-gap length (mm) 0.3 Shape of slots stator/rotor pear/circle Number of slots stator/rotor 18/16 From Table1, it can be found that the studied motor is designed as a 2 pole motor.
Table 3 Comparison of the stator winding design Solutions a b Winding type Double layer /Y connection Design parameters of the stator winding Diameter of copper conductors d (mm) 0.62 0.67 Number of parallel copper conductors 1c� 1 1 Number of turns per winding 1cW 27 24 Span of per winding y 8 8 Number of parallel branches per phase 1a 2 2 Fill factor of stator slots sf (%) 64 66 Table 4 Comparison of performance of the optimal design with that of the traditional one Solutions a b Equivalent circuit parameters Stator resistance per phase 1r (Ω ) 1.36 1.03 Rotor resistance referred to the stator per phase 2r'(Ω ) 1.76 1.39 Stator leakage reactance per phase 1X (Ω ) 4.13 3.26 Rotor leakage reactance per phase 2X ' (Ω ) 2.98 2.35 Magnetizing reactance mX (Ω ) 161.87 121 Performance Stator current per phase 1I (A) 8.9 8.52 Linear load A(A/cm) 345 293 Stator copper losses 1CuP (W) 324 225 Rotor copper
As for an inverter-fed induction motor, the stator and the rotor iron cores are made of crystal grain non-oriented and cold-rolled silicon steel sheets [13].
Procedures of Optimization Design The procedures of optimizing electric and magnetic design of an inverter-fed induction motor used for ultra-precision machine tool motorized spindles are involved as follow (1) The rated power, the design frequency, the air-gap length, the number of the stator and the rotor slots, etc must be decided. (2) The above optimization problem mentioned is transformed into an equivalent unconstrained non-linear programming problem by adopting SUMT
Table 1 Design specifications Number of Phases 3 Number of pole pairs 1 Rated power (kW) 3 Rated line voltage (V) 320 Design frequency (Hz) 300 Rated speed (rpm) 18,000 Maximum speed (rpm) 24,000 Air-gap length (mm) 0.3 Shape of slots stator/rotor pear/circle Number of slots stator/rotor 18/16 From Table1, it can be found that the studied motor is designed as a 2 pole motor.
Table 3 Comparison of the stator winding design Solutions a b Winding type Double layer /Y connection Design parameters of the stator winding Diameter of copper conductors d (mm) 0.62 0.67 Number of parallel copper conductors 1c� 1 1 Number of turns per winding 1cW 27 24 Span of per winding y 8 8 Number of parallel branches per phase 1a 2 2 Fill factor of stator slots sf (%) 64 66 Table 4 Comparison of performance of the optimal design with that of the traditional one Solutions a b Equivalent circuit parameters Stator resistance per phase 1r (Ω ) 1.36 1.03 Rotor resistance referred to the stator per phase 2r'(Ω ) 1.76 1.39 Stator leakage reactance per phase 1X (Ω ) 4.13 3.26 Rotor leakage reactance per phase 2X ' (Ω ) 2.98 2.35 Magnetizing reactance mX (Ω ) 161.87 121 Performance Stator current per phase 1I (A) 8.9 8.52 Linear load A(A/cm) 345 293 Stator copper losses 1CuP (W) 324 225 Rotor copper
Online since: May 2010
Authors: Jian Jun Wu, Li Hong He
Then a large number of simulation results were compiled into a statistical function that
represents the particle-surface collision.
The number of accepting the null hypothesis H0 out of all test results is given in Table 1.
When the significance level is specified as α=0.05, the number of accepting the null hypothesis that the data set is adequately modeled by Weibull distribution is 24 out of 29 runs.
While the numbers for normal, log-normal, gamma and exponential distributions are 0, 17, 9 and 7 respectively.
The corresponding number of accepting the null hypothesis H0 out of all test results is shown in Table 2 for α=0.05.
The number of accepting the null hypothesis H0 out of all test results is given in Table 1.
When the significance level is specified as α=0.05, the number of accepting the null hypothesis that the data set is adequately modeled by Weibull distribution is 24 out of 29 runs.
While the numbers for normal, log-normal, gamma and exponential distributions are 0, 17, 9 and 7 respectively.
The corresponding number of accepting the null hypothesis H0 out of all test results is shown in Table 2 for α=0.05.
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Jian Zhong Cui, Qi Xian Ba, Jian Feng Zhang
However, most of the works’ attentions have focused on the influence of Lolentz force induced by the DC magnetic field and the flow melt on the suppression of melt flow and grain refinement [7,8].
The total energy of atom in the externally-applied magnetic field can be given by (2) where the is the energy of atomic system without magnetic field, is the atomic magnetic moment z-component functor, n stands for a set of quantum number.
The total energy of atom in the externally-applied magnetic field can be given by (2) where the is the energy of atomic system without magnetic field, is the atomic magnetic moment z-component functor, n stands for a set of quantum number.
Online since: October 2010
Authors: Xiang Dong Huo, Zhang Guo Lin, Yu Tao Zhao, Yu Qian Li
At the same time, the prior austenite grain boundary is gradually obvious.
But Fang et al [8] suggested that the steels with granular bainite may possess a good combination of strength and toughness, which relays on the number and sizes of islands in granular bainite.
But Fang et al [8] suggested that the steels with granular bainite may possess a good combination of strength and toughness, which relays on the number and sizes of islands in granular bainite.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Yi Xia, Hong Fang Li
The 1900ºC-annealed SiCN displays nanostructure of SiCN ceramics consists of dispersed nanosized crystallites embedded in the amorphous SiCN matrix, the grains sizes approach ~100nm.
When heated temperature rises to 1300ºC, amorphous SiCN begins to degrade and results in local atomic rearrangement (Si-, C-, N-), yielding a large number of Si-C-enriched regions and gaseous species such as SiO, CO, N2 and Si vapor.
When heated temperature rises to 1300ºC, amorphous SiCN begins to degrade and results in local atomic rearrangement (Si-, C-, N-), yielding a large number of Si-C-enriched regions and gaseous species such as SiO, CO, N2 and Si vapor.