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Online since: January 2015
Authors: Elena Gogina, Olga Ruzhitskaya
One-sludge Denitri-nitrification System Application in Reconstruction of Biological Treatment Stations in Russian Federation
Elena Gogina1,a, Olga Ruzhitskaya2,b
1,2 Federal State Educational Institution of High Professional Education ‘Moscow State University of Civil Engineering’ (MGSU), Yaroslavskoe shosse, 26, 129337, Moscow, Russia,
aGoginaES@mgsu.ru, bRuzhitskayaOA@mgsu.ru
Keywords: wastewater, sewage treatment facilities, reconstruction, biological purification, biogenic elements.
Boundary values for phosphorous content also create special difficulty in water purifying and dumping it into the waters [1,3].
With all this, in any case reconstruction request creation modern state-of-the-art methods of flow capacity increasing in water treatment facilities, pumping stations and waste water network.
Moreover biological water treatment technologies using on water treatment facilities in our country don't provide the effective nitrogen and phosphorous compounds removing until today’s standard parameters for treated water dumping into the water basins.
Therefore treatment stations reconstruction and new methods of deep waste water treatment methods may solve the problem of waste water dumping into the waters of Russian Federation without treatment.
Boundary values for phosphorous content also create special difficulty in water purifying and dumping it into the waters [1,3].
With all this, in any case reconstruction request creation modern state-of-the-art methods of flow capacity increasing in water treatment facilities, pumping stations and waste water network.
Moreover biological water treatment technologies using on water treatment facilities in our country don't provide the effective nitrogen and phosphorous compounds removing until today’s standard parameters for treated water dumping into the water basins.
Therefore treatment stations reconstruction and new methods of deep waste water treatment methods may solve the problem of waste water dumping into the waters of Russian Federation without treatment.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Qun Wei, Lu Shuang Wei, Kai Sun
Development of BIM Technology in Steel Structure Design Software
Lushuang Weia, Qun Weib, Kai Sunc
North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450011, China
aweils@ncwu.edu.cn, bqunwei_ddd@aliyun.com.cn,cding388@163.com,
Keywords: BIM; flat steel gate; 3d-design; parameterized; race
Abstract.
China’s development in this area is relatively late[1], yet in recent years, a batch of excellent professional steel structure design software have emerged as well, e.g. common steel structure design system Auspic DDD and hydraulic structure steel gate design software SteelGate developed by Steel Structure and Engineering Research Institute of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower [2], steel structure CAD software 3D3S of Tongji University, STS software of China Academy of Building Research, etc.
Some achievements have been made through the research of Steel Structure and Engineering Research Institute of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower and a series of 3D design products including steel gate design software, common steel structure design software, etc. have been developed on the basis of research on BIM technology.
Forefront of Water Conservancy Science and Technology in the New Century, Tianjin University Press. 2005
China’s development in this area is relatively late[1], yet in recent years, a batch of excellent professional steel structure design software have emerged as well, e.g. common steel structure design system Auspic DDD and hydraulic structure steel gate design software SteelGate developed by Steel Structure and Engineering Research Institute of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower [2], steel structure CAD software 3D3S of Tongji University, STS software of China Academy of Building Research, etc.
Some achievements have been made through the research of Steel Structure and Engineering Research Institute of North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydropower and a series of 3D design products including steel gate design software, common steel structure design software, etc. have been developed on the basis of research on BIM technology.
Forefront of Water Conservancy Science and Technology in the New Century, Tianjin University Press. 2005
Online since: December 2014
Authors: Li Ting Jiang
Its main connotation is that: through the planning and design of reasonable, protects environment and reduces the pressure on the environment; take the reliable technology system; make full use of limited energy and resources (including water, materials, etc.); take the initiative to solve environmental problems; respect the culture, adhere to the principle of localization, and emphasizes the harmony between human and environment.
“Energy and land saving buildings” is the concept of sustainable construction with Chinese characteristics, the main content including energy, land, water saving, material saving, emphasis on sustainable development.
In 2005, "The Ministry of Construction guidance to promote energy saving and land-building development," stressed, during the building design, "it is necessary to consider the single building, but also consider the overall planning of the city or region and the overall layout"; both want to consider the "four savings" of new buildings, research the different historical period and energy-saving water saving problem of existing buildings, pay attention to reduce the total energy resource consumption in the process of construction and operation of buildings"[2].
Make full use of the natural landscape and the natural energy, water saving and land saving and material saving, pollution control on site, reduce the influence of the surrounding hydrology, wind power, lighting and ecological diversity, establish people-oriented green building system of biological and non-biological systems.
In respect regional culture environment, construction, under the premise of human relations, integrated rational organization of construction technology, using cross multidisciplinary cooperation, more professional, the curing and application of methods and means of implementation, coordination system combined with indoor and outdoor environment building body, achieve the pleasant, comfortable target.
“Energy and land saving buildings” is the concept of sustainable construction with Chinese characteristics, the main content including energy, land, water saving, material saving, emphasis on sustainable development.
In 2005, "The Ministry of Construction guidance to promote energy saving and land-building development," stressed, during the building design, "it is necessary to consider the single building, but also consider the overall planning of the city or region and the overall layout"; both want to consider the "four savings" of new buildings, research the different historical period and energy-saving water saving problem of existing buildings, pay attention to reduce the total energy resource consumption in the process of construction and operation of buildings"[2].
Make full use of the natural landscape and the natural energy, water saving and land saving and material saving, pollution control on site, reduce the influence of the surrounding hydrology, wind power, lighting and ecological diversity, establish people-oriented green building system of biological and non-biological systems.
In respect regional culture environment, construction, under the premise of human relations, integrated rational organization of construction technology, using cross multidisciplinary cooperation, more professional, the curing and application of methods and means of implementation, coordination system combined with indoor and outdoor environment building body, achieve the pleasant, comfortable target.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Shu Hua Wei, Xiao Jun Wang
Due to the application of professional stronger, more construction skills, so in order to reduce the risk, the general contractor will usually take the engineering of external insulation parts are subcontracted to hold an insulation board production factory construction, the situation of this technology, so much of the engineering and technical personnel, basically don't understand this technology, so the application of this technique always push and not broad.
Tab 1 The main performance index of Expanded Polystyene Panel The appearance of density ( kg/m3 ) 18~20 conductive coefficient ( W/m·k ) ≤0.041 water content % ( v/v ) ≤6 oxygen index ( % ) ≥30 tensile strength (Mpa) ≥0.1 The curing time (d) natural curing ≥42 600steam curing ≥5 The polymer cements mortar.
The main form of two class, a class for manufacturers of dry powder, at the construction site after adding water and stirring; polymer emulsion another for manufacturers, in the construction site according to the proportion of added cement and sand and stirring.
Tab 2 The performance index of Polymer Cement mortar The bonding strength of polystyrene board (18~20 kg/m3) (MPa) Pull extend The original strength (14d) ≥0.10 Soaking (24h ) ≥0.08 press The original strength (14d) ≥0.10 Soaking (24h ) ≥0.08 compressive strength(MPa) ≥8~10 compressive strength /rupture strength(MPa) ≤3 90d shrinkage(%) ≤0.10 Water demand ratio (g/m2) ≤500 crack [crazing] resistance (thickness≤5mm) flawless Operation time (h) ≥2 Through the wet steam flow density (g/m2·h) ≥1 Accelerated freeze-thaw (Circular section 10) No crack, surface crack, peeling phenomenon Alkali-resistant glass fibers mesh cloth.
Thermal insulation slurry is various admixtures of dry powder and polystyrene particles mixed with water, mainly used for window side thermal insulation, no local leveling network system and plugging.
Tab 1 The main performance index of Expanded Polystyene Panel The appearance of density ( kg/m3 ) 18~20 conductive coefficient ( W/m·k ) ≤0.041 water content % ( v/v ) ≤6 oxygen index ( % ) ≥30 tensile strength (Mpa) ≥0.1 The curing time (d) natural curing ≥42 600steam curing ≥5 The polymer cements mortar.
The main form of two class, a class for manufacturers of dry powder, at the construction site after adding water and stirring; polymer emulsion another for manufacturers, in the construction site according to the proportion of added cement and sand and stirring.
Tab 2 The performance index of Polymer Cement mortar The bonding strength of polystyrene board (18~20 kg/m3) (MPa) Pull extend The original strength (14d) ≥0.10 Soaking (24h ) ≥0.08 press The original strength (14d) ≥0.10 Soaking (24h ) ≥0.08 compressive strength(MPa) ≥8~10 compressive strength /rupture strength(MPa) ≤3 90d shrinkage(%) ≤0.10 Water demand ratio (g/m2) ≤500 crack [crazing] resistance (thickness≤5mm) flawless Operation time (h) ≥2 Through the wet steam flow density (g/m2·h) ≥1 Accelerated freeze-thaw (Circular section 10) No crack, surface crack, peeling phenomenon Alkali-resistant glass fibers mesh cloth.
Thermal insulation slurry is various admixtures of dry powder and polystyrene particles mixed with water, mainly used for window side thermal insulation, no local leveling network system and plugging.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Li Zhao
(the research object: Design Institute, the construction unit, the concrete material manufacturers, government agencies, related to the supervision company, real estate developers, owners of Project Manage Company, professional), Consultant (building of architectural design and Research Institute, Science Research Institute, University, construction enterprises, the concrete material manufacturers in the concrete research experts and so on) see table 1:
Table 1: Reconstruction of underground engineering green concrete construction technology evaluation system
Level indicators
two indicators of level
(ωi")
(ωiˊ)
(ωi)
Calcu- lation
Concrete
Slump
20
0.2
4
Technical index slump
20
4
Remove the touch after the appearance quality
20
4
The initial setting time, final setting time
20
4
The minimum amount of cement, the maximum chloride content,
20
4
The maximum content of alkali
The raw material of cement
20
0.2
4
Sand
20
4
Industrial waste residue of mineral admixture
40
8
additive
concrete slump ≤ 50mm; slump loss ≤ 30mm\/h; the concrete workability is good, no bleeding and segregation phenomenon; the machine temperature ≤ 25 ℃, die temperature ≤ 28 ℃; design strength grade of C30; remove after feeling good appearance quality, mainly manifests for the high degree of finish, few bubbles; the initial setting time ≥ 10 h, final setting time ≤ 24h; the minimum amount of cement 250kg\/m3, maximum chloride content is 1%, the maximum content of alkali 3kg\/m3; 2 of the raw material, cement: Mianyang Jiangyou cement factory production "Shuangma card" P.O32.5 cement strength, 3 d 19.9Mpa, 28d intensity 43.9Mpa, alkali content of 0.49%; sand washing; natural sifting sand, low alkali activity, fineness modulus of 2.6, the clay content of 2.4%; stone: 5-25 stone, low alkali activity, acicular content 5.4%, crush index is 6.7%, the clay content of 0.5%; fly ash: Chengdu Bo Lei Industrial Co., Ltd. and China Guodian Corporation, Chengdu thermoelectricity plant I fly ash, water
demand ratio 93%; admixtures: Sichuan Cheng Wang Technology Co., Ltd production of polycarboxylic acid admixture, water reducing rate of 25%, in the production of CAL aluminum shaped fiber expansive agent; 3 technical proposal pouring the concrete temperature control and molding temperature, reducing the temperature rise of concrete; additive, adding retarder, delayed exothermic peak time, reduce the temperature peak value; on the concrete surface strengthen maintenance work, reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside; the reasonable construction technology and construction measure, control the layering degree; 4 concrete mix; low water to binder ratio Ratio of adding a composite admixture; by a large number of high-quality fine admixture; Finally determine the theoretical mix: Cement 280 kg\/m3, 156 kg\/m3 water, 793 kg\/m3 1051 kg\/m3 sand, sand, fly ash of 100 kg\/m3, 4.8 additive kg\/m3. 5 concrete performance test, concrete setting time and slump
concrete slump ≤ 50mm; slump loss ≤ 30mm\/h; the concrete workability is good, no bleeding and segregation phenomenon; the machine temperature ≤ 25 ℃, die temperature ≤ 28 ℃; design strength grade of C30; remove after feeling good appearance quality, mainly manifests for the high degree of finish, few bubbles; the initial setting time ≥ 10 h, final setting time ≤ 24h; the minimum amount of cement 250kg\/m3, maximum chloride content is 1%, the maximum content of alkali 3kg\/m3; 2 of the raw material, cement: Mianyang Jiangyou cement factory production "Shuangma card" P.O32.5 cement strength, 3 d 19.9Mpa, 28d intensity 43.9Mpa, alkali content of 0.49%; sand washing; natural sifting sand, low alkali activity, fineness modulus of 2.6, the clay content of 2.4%; stone: 5-25 stone, low alkali activity, acicular content 5.4%, crush index is 6.7%, the clay content of 0.5%; fly ash: Chengdu Bo Lei Industrial Co., Ltd. and China Guodian Corporation, Chengdu thermoelectricity plant I fly ash, water
demand ratio 93%; admixtures: Sichuan Cheng Wang Technology Co., Ltd production of polycarboxylic acid admixture, water reducing rate of 25%, in the production of CAL aluminum shaped fiber expansive agent; 3 technical proposal pouring the concrete temperature control and molding temperature, reducing the temperature rise of concrete; additive, adding retarder, delayed exothermic peak time, reduce the temperature peak value; on the concrete surface strengthen maintenance work, reduce the temperature difference between inside and outside; the reasonable construction technology and construction measure, control the layering degree; 4 concrete mix; low water to binder ratio Ratio of adding a composite admixture; by a large number of high-quality fine admixture; Finally determine the theoretical mix: Cement 280 kg\/m3, 156 kg\/m3 water, 793 kg\/m3 1051 kg\/m3 sand, sand, fly ash of 100 kg\/m3, 4.8 additive kg\/m3. 5 concrete performance test, concrete setting time and slump
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Yi Lu, Cheng Yu Huo, Ai Jun He
The human body is composed largely of charged or polar molecules dissolved in water.
They are accurate and professional, but too expensive to be widely used.
The measured resistance and reactance can be converted into estimations of extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water, fat free mass (FFM), and fat mass through established equations.
[4] Kushner, R.F., Schoeller, D.A., “Estimation of total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis,” American journal of clinical nutrition, vo1.44 ,Sep, 1986, pp. 417–424 [5] Islam S, “Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess human body composition,” Nutrition Research, vo1.19, No.8, 1999, pp. 1179–1188.
They are accurate and professional, but too expensive to be widely used.
The measured resistance and reactance can be converted into estimations of extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water, fat free mass (FFM), and fat mass through established equations.
[4] Kushner, R.F., Schoeller, D.A., “Estimation of total body water by bioelectrical impedance analysis,” American journal of clinical nutrition, vo1.44 ,Sep, 1986, pp. 417–424 [5] Islam S, “Multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis to assess human body composition,” Nutrition Research, vo1.19, No.8, 1999, pp. 1179–1188.
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Chen Dong
The theme explored is rich and extensive: in the area of environmental protection, it includes forests, atmosphere, water resources, ecological resources etc.; science and technology refers to imagination and innovation on the space, the universe, spacecraft and future car, future construction etc.; energy source contains discussion on solar energy use, petroleum, coal mining etc..
Therefore, teachers are required to have advanced education concept, extensive professional knowledge and professional network technical, so that teachers can really play a organization, guiding and leading role in network explosive learning.
Therefore, teachers are required to have advanced education concept, extensive professional knowledge and professional network technical, so that teachers can really play a organization, guiding and leading role in network explosive learning.
Online since: January 2010
Authors: Jing Yang, Xiao Fei Sun
Many communities
have both comprehensive and professional computer networks serving community residents.
Some professional service networks provide specific medical services for communities and some specialize in community educational service development.
In community service network of Italy's Victoria state, residents could pay such public cost of water and electricity.
Some professional service networks provide specific medical services for communities and some specialize in community educational service development.
In community service network of Italy's Victoria state, residents could pay such public cost of water and electricity.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Xuan Song, Li Ping Du, Jie Chen
Information Query System of Cultivated Land Quality
Based on ArcGIS Server
Xuan Songa, Liping Dub,*, Jie Chenc
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou,450001, China
asongxuan@zzu.edu.cn, bdulp@zzu.edu.cn, cjchen@zzu.edu.cn
*corresponding author
Key words: Cultivated land; Quality Information; WebGIS; ArcGIS Server
Abstract.
The server PC uses Windows 2003 Server, the other PCs use Windows XP professional operating system with service pack 3.
Professional C# 2008 (6th edition).
The server PC uses Windows 2003 Server, the other PCs use Windows XP professional operating system with service pack 3.
Professional C# 2008 (6th edition).
Online since: September 2014
Authors: João Roberto Ferreira, Gilbert Silva, José Veríssimo Ribeiro de Toledo, Luiz Eduardo Paes, Mírian de Lourdes Noronha Motta Melo, Daniel Assis Amancio
An example can be found by analyzing the rapid development of aviation industry, which demanded of professionals to search for more resistant materials, light and highly cost-effective.
The high hardness is achieved in this alloy by quenching and tempering process.In this heat treatment the sample was subjected to a temperature of 900 ° C for two hours to homogenise the microstructure, the cooling water and was then quenched after at 500 ° C for two hours.The hardness of aluminum bronze (UNS C 63020) reached 35 HRC.
The high hardness is achieved in this alloy by quenching and tempering process.In this heat treatment the sample was subjected to a temperature of 900 ° C for two hours to homogenise the microstructure, the cooling water and was then quenched after at 500 ° C for two hours.The hardness of aluminum bronze (UNS C 63020) reached 35 HRC.