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Online since: March 2012
Authors: Xiao Liu, Lei Zhao
On steel concrete composite structure stability bearing capacity formula, the current use is in the form of axial pressure bearing capacity of short column multiplied by the coefficient of stability based on ,That is
(1)
(2)
In the formula, —Steel reinforced concrete short column under axial compression ultimate bearing capacity [5],—Concrete compressive strength; and Respectively for the confinement index and bone markers; ,,—Steel pipe, steel and concrete respectively the area; ,,—Respectively pipe and steel yield strength, value of concrete compressive strength; —Considering the influence of slenderness ratio of the load bearing capacity reduction factor.
2.
The experimental data results are from the literature [4].
The stability coefficient and bearing capacity formula of the long columns under axial compression stability were given, and the experimental results were compared with the existing literature, the two kinds of data are well matched with each other, which explains this method in this kind of structure's application is accurate.
The experimental data results are from the literature [4].
The stability coefficient and bearing capacity formula of the long columns under axial compression stability were given, and the experimental results were compared with the existing literature, the two kinds of data are well matched with each other, which explains this method in this kind of structure's application is accurate.
Online since: March 2015
Authors: Magdalena Popczyk, B. Łosiewicz, A. Budniok
In classic awareness the electrodeposition process of metallic materials on cathode is connected between other with the following factors: (i) nature of co-deposited metals and difference in their atomic radii, (ii) kind and state of the substrate structure, (iii) difference in equilibrium potentials of the deposited metals being the reason for overpolarization and depolarization of discharge of metal ions, (iv) rate of co-discharge process of the metal ions dependent on the electrolyte type, its temperature, pH and cathodic current density, and (v) interaction of the metal ions and another ions or solid particles existing in solution during the electrolytic process (underpotential phenomena, induced discharge, adsorption phenomena of the ions, chemical reactions of reduction and oxidation) [1-7].
The reason of the increased activity of the Ni+Mo electrode towards the HER may be connected with the presence of molybdenum in the nickel matrix, as Ni/Mo materials are considered, according to the literature data [8], as active electrocatalysts for the HER.
As a result of approximation of experimental data in the case of CPE2 model the following seven parameters could be obtained: Rct1, T1, f1, Rct2, T2, f2 and Rs (Tab. 2).
The reason of the increased activity of the Ni+Mo electrode towards the HER may be connected with the presence of molybdenum in the nickel matrix, as Ni/Mo materials are considered, according to the literature data [8], as active electrocatalysts for the HER.
As a result of approximation of experimental data in the case of CPE2 model the following seven parameters could be obtained: Rct1, T1, f1, Rct2, T2, f2 and Rs (Tab. 2).
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Pavel Reiterman
A qualified estimation of the coefficient of permeability for different concrete mixtures and its surface modification was provided from the obtained data.
Table 4 Estimation of coefficient of intrinsic permeability Mixture Surface treatment ki [m2] ki,model [m2] I Reference 1.441×10-15 7.97·10-18 CPF 5.460×10-17 9.76·10-19 II Reference 1.315×10-15 4.54·10-18 CPF 1.082×10-16 4.09·10-19 III Reference 5.705×10-16 3.71·10-19 CPF 3.521×10-17 1.48·10-19 IV Reference 8.452×10-16 5.92·10-19 CPF 2.971×10-17 5.92·10-20 Conclusions Reduction of liquid water and moisture transport with respect to its role in reinforcement corrosion is very important.
The measured data indicate that the composition of concrete mixtures significantly affects the properties of a surface layer of concrete, while the results of these tests will become the basis for a correlation dependence permeability of concrete and concrete methodologies for the evaluation in terms of its durability.
Table 4 Estimation of coefficient of intrinsic permeability Mixture Surface treatment ki [m2] ki,model [m2] I Reference 1.441×10-15 7.97·10-18 CPF 5.460×10-17 9.76·10-19 II Reference 1.315×10-15 4.54·10-18 CPF 1.082×10-16 4.09·10-19 III Reference 5.705×10-16 3.71·10-19 CPF 3.521×10-17 1.48·10-19 IV Reference 8.452×10-16 5.92·10-19 CPF 2.971×10-17 5.92·10-20 Conclusions Reduction of liquid water and moisture transport with respect to its role in reinforcement corrosion is very important.
The measured data indicate that the composition of concrete mixtures significantly affects the properties of a surface layer of concrete, while the results of these tests will become the basis for a correlation dependence permeability of concrete and concrete methodologies for the evaluation in terms of its durability.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Jun Li, Wei Wei Li, Fu Yuan Zhu
Some of the benefits of advanced supercritical power plants include:
(a) Reduced fuel costs due to improved plant efficiency;
(b) Significant improvement of environment by reduction in CO2 emissions;
(c) Plant costs comparable with sub-critical technology and less than other clean coal technologies;
(d) Much reduced NOx, SOx and particulate emissions.
Original relevant operating data in 600MW load point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Average Total air flow 1687.1 1686.6 1680.7 1665.3 1689.6 1668.1 1664.8 1677.5 IDFA 260.5 260.5 259.4 259.9 260.6 259.8 262.5 260.5 IDFB 258.3 258.6 258.4 258.6 260.5 260.4 262.7 259.6 FDFA 81.1 77.2 81.2 81.1 81.2 77.3 83.8 80.4 FDFB 80.6 79.8 82.1 81.1 80.9 80.1 81.6 80.9 Table3.
Adjusted relevant operating data in 600MW load point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Average Total air flow 1649 1630 1639.8 1642.6 1634.5 1602.7 1671.0 1638.5 IDFA 254.2 254.2 253.7 253.9 255.5 255.6 257.5 254.9 IDFB 257.1 257.1 257.1 257.3 256.9 254.9 257.4 256.8 FDFA 78.2 74.6 78.1 78.6 77.9 74.8 75.4 76.8 FDFB 76.7 75.8 76.9 78.1 75.2 75.5 76.9 76.4 Conclusions By analyzing the characteristics of supercritical coal-fired unit, the air supply and O2 control is important to fuel combustion and efficiency.
Original relevant operating data in 600MW load point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Average Total air flow 1687.1 1686.6 1680.7 1665.3 1689.6 1668.1 1664.8 1677.5 IDFA 260.5 260.5 259.4 259.9 260.6 259.8 262.5 260.5 IDFB 258.3 258.6 258.4 258.6 260.5 260.4 262.7 259.6 FDFA 81.1 77.2 81.2 81.1 81.2 77.3 83.8 80.4 FDFB 80.6 79.8 82.1 81.1 80.9 80.1 81.6 80.9 Table3.
Adjusted relevant operating data in 600MW load point 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Average Total air flow 1649 1630 1639.8 1642.6 1634.5 1602.7 1671.0 1638.5 IDFA 254.2 254.2 253.7 253.9 255.5 255.6 257.5 254.9 IDFB 257.1 257.1 257.1 257.3 256.9 254.9 257.4 256.8 FDFA 78.2 74.6 78.1 78.6 77.9 74.8 75.4 76.8 FDFB 76.7 75.8 76.9 78.1 75.2 75.5 76.9 76.4 Conclusions By analyzing the characteristics of supercritical coal-fired unit, the air supply and O2 control is important to fuel combustion and efficiency.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Yun Peng Wu, Wen Ping Zhang, Hong Mei Li
In
this paper, by the ball bearing vibration model established, the influence of waviness function and
its derivatives on bearing excitation has been discussed and the ball bearing waviness excitation
mechanism has been probed by experiments and simulation, which can provide theoretical basis for
vibration and noise reduction and improvement of bearing quality.
Simulation Substituting the data of the 33 sets of bearing inner and outer rings, its first and second order derivatives into Function (2), by New Mark-β method, the speed curves in time domain and frequency domain can be obtained.
The simulation calculation show that the property of waviness curve has significant influence on bearing vibration and noise, and its results has the same characteristics with the experimental data in [8].
Simulation Substituting the data of the 33 sets of bearing inner and outer rings, its first and second order derivatives into Function (2), by New Mark-β method, the speed curves in time domain and frequency domain can be obtained.
The simulation calculation show that the property of waviness curve has significant influence on bearing vibration and noise, and its results has the same characteristics with the experimental data in [8].
Online since: January 2013
Authors: Lun Yan Wang, Hui Min Yuan, Lei Guo
In this process, we often need to solve observational data (such as temperature, strain etc.) on the thermodynamic parameters of the partial derivative matrix, and the calculating amount is huge [2].Moreover, when the equations are nonlinear, it also called the iterative parameter initial value in real value nearby, or may not find out reasonable, acceptable solution within error range [3].Therefore, this kind of modeling method for the temperature field of concrete study on the inverse problem is not easy to achieve.
In the inversion calculation process, the value of initial temperature T0 and method of temperature reduction influence the algorithm can achieve E minimum value and the calculation time.
Application of fractal theory to analyze dam safety monitoring data[J].
In the inversion calculation process, the value of initial temperature T0 and method of temperature reduction influence the algorithm can achieve E minimum value and the calculation time.
Application of fractal theory to analyze dam safety monitoring data[J].
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Huan Huan Qin, Xiu Shan Jiang, Zheng Ying Nie
Analysis of the impact about the industrial structure on transport demands
According to the complete decomposition model established, using the data in the input-output table in 1987, 1997 and 2010[5-7], the impact about the industrial structure on transport demands and the contribution of factors are all calculated, with the result shown in table 1.
However, economy structure resulted in the reduction of transport demands by 268 billion, which account for -1.7 percent, where three industries accounted for 357 percent, -106.4 percent and -150.6 percent, respectively.
Based on the complete decomposition model, the impact were investigated and analyzed with statistical data of GDP in 1987, 1997 and 2010.
However, economy structure resulted in the reduction of transport demands by 268 billion, which account for -1.7 percent, where three industries accounted for 357 percent, -106.4 percent and -150.6 percent, respectively.
Based on the complete decomposition model, the impact were investigated and analyzed with statistical data of GDP in 1987, 1997 and 2010.
Online since: November 2007
Authors: Günter Ziegler, Ulrike Deisinger, Franzika Uhl, Rainer Detsch
ST-2 cells attached on all three scaffold types throughout the whole scaffold with a distinct
reduction in the middle, shown by fluorescence microscopy.
As the trend of collagen I contents resembles the trend for LDH activity, the data are not shown.
[3] DSMZ: Data on ST-2 cells on http://www.dsmz.de/human_and_animal_cell_lines/info.php?
As the trend of collagen I contents resembles the trend for LDH activity, the data are not shown.
[3] DSMZ: Data on ST-2 cells on http://www.dsmz.de/human_and_animal_cell_lines/info.php?
Online since: March 2010
Authors: Muhammad Azmi Abd Hamid, Saidatul Azura Radzi, Azman Jalar
Introduction
The trend in semiconductor industry is moving towards miniaturized footprint, cost reduction and
multifunctional components with higher inputs and outputs. 3D Quad Flat No-lead (QFN) stacked
die has become the package of choice due to its good thermal performance, flexibility in matching
any leaded footprint, fast turn-around time and low tooling up cost. 3D packaging offers attractive
way to reduce transmission delays, since its configuration provides much shorter access to several
surrounding chips [1].
This meet a good agreement with the experimental data done in this worked and can be explained by Hall Petch equation.
The experimental data done by Yahya et al [10] validated the Hall Petch equation and proved that the low loop bending within the HAZ length must be controlled further away from the larger grains area to achieve high reliability performance.
This meet a good agreement with the experimental data done in this worked and can be explained by Hall Petch equation.
The experimental data done by Yahya et al [10] validated the Hall Petch equation and proved that the low loop bending within the HAZ length must be controlled further away from the larger grains area to achieve high reliability performance.