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lattice element square grid lattice node sub-cell cell Fig. 2 Quadrangular Lattice Construction in 2D Sketch Subsequently the phases of materials can be mapped onto these lattice elements by assigning them different properties, depending whether the element represents a grain or matrix as shown in Fig. 3(a).
This strategy can reduce the number of iterations required and thus speed up the convergence in solving linear equations. 4.

The grain size was reduced from ~ 50 µm (Fig. 2a) to ~ 3 µm (Fig. 2c) after EB processing.
Additionally, due to cyclic heating effects, EB processing induced precipitation of Al3Sc from the supersaturated eutectic α(Al) leading to the formation of a high number density of Al3Sc nanoprecipitates.

Introduction The large number of spot welded joints (between 2000-5000 joints) in a typical automotive structure provides strength and stiffness of the structure [1].
Microvickers hardness profile and gradient of grain structures across the spot welded region suggested that the fusion zone size and outer diameter of the HAZ is approximately 5 and 12 mm, respectively.

In recent years the number of operators in the mining sector continues to increase, especially those who choose to invest in small-scale mining in Madagascar.
Its physical proprieties were as follows: relative specific density, (2650±5) kg/m3; water absorption, 1.5±1%; bulk density, (1530±5) kg/m3 and maximum grain size, 2.00 mm (Fig. 2).
Cumulative grain size distributions of powders and sands.
The surface mean diameter D[3,2] of the sample is calculated from the size distribution curve by means of Eq. 1, in which ni corresponds to the number of particles of diameter di.
The volume mean diameter D[4,3] of the sample is calculated from the size distribution curve by means of Eq. 2, in which ni corresponds to the number of particles of diameter di.

Considering in detail the main business processes of real production, it can be noted that in the field of organization of food production, the number of providing process include various processes of product quality control, the use of various technologies, as well as processes related to the processing of information and decisions.
As can be seen from the figure, the level of the error of distinction (the number of incorrect solutions per 100 implementations of interference) of the reference spectra depends nonlinearly on the value of the noise/signal ratio H0.
The reason for the random nature of the experimental data is that they are formed under the influence of a sufficiently large number of simultaneously acting factors.
Characteristics of Sands taking into account their application in composite binders and fine-grained concretes [Text] / L.
V. influence of operational impacts on salinity in fine-grained concrete [Text] / I.V.

The use of welding is very extensive in today’s technology for the benefits like weld strength, freedom in design, joining of metals and their alloys by means of both similar and dissimilar and possibilities of joining of workpieces through spot, seam and in a number of other configurations.
Taguchi design of experiment employs various experimental approaches by taking the number of process parameters and the output results for the optimization of process parameters.
Due to much less heat input, grains of the stir zone (SZ) of the FSW joint are finer than those of the MIG joint, resulting into higher hardness [8].
The more attention gives to recrystallization mechanism, grain boundary characteristics, phase transformation, texture evolution, characteristic microstructures, and the effect of these factors on the hardness, tensile and fatigue properties as well as superplastic behavior of FSW/FSP aluminum alloys [13].
The degrees of freedom of the model are the number of process parameters taken for the fitting of the regression model with the responses.

Table 1 Mechanical parameter for calculating Rock formation modulus of elasticity /GPa Poisson's ratio Density /t.m-3 Cohesive force/MPa Internal friction angle (°) Lithology number Interbed of soil and sand 2.0 0.21 2.0 1.8 25 1 Deep clay layer 3.8 0.27 2.05 2.3 26 2 Medium sandstone 7.0 0.25 2.40 3.0 30 3 Coal bed 1.8 0.25 1.47 1.2 30 4 Fine-medium grained sandstone 8.2 0.23 2.50 4.1 32 5 Boundary restrictions the model adopted are as follows: ①the model’s left and right boundaries are defined as single restriction boundary, and set u=0, v≠0(u is displacement along X direction and v is displacement along Y direction); ②the model’s bottom boundary, which has a much smaller shift along X and Y direction compared to goaf overburden rock, is defined as full restriction boundary, and set u=v=0; ③the model’s top boundary is alluvium, which has a comparatively large displacement along both X and Y directions, and is defined as free boundary, no restrictions attached.

So far a number of studies have reported that the appropriate microstructure can provide ideal conditions for osteoinduction.
If ceramics with higher HAp/TCP ratio 60/40 are desired, sintering of calcium deficient hydroxyapatite or mixture of hydroxyapatite and apatitic tricalcium phosphate is preferred because of smaller grain size and larger microporosity.

Reported activation energies for EM are ranged from approximately 0.350.9eV depending on conductor grain size and metal alloy [11]. is Boltzman’s constant. is an empirically determined constant, J is current density flowing in the metal wire and can be calculated by EDA simulation, and are width and thickness of metal wire.
Bilinear damage theory, typically Manson theory can be described as, (5) (6) (7) Where is damage under stress 1, is damage under stress 2,is the accumulated lifetime, is the lifetime due to stress , is a coefficient and calculated by equation (7), and is index number and calculated by equation (6), is a constant.

Nano surface modifying can improve interface wettability, SiC dispersibility and dielectric properties and supply the better property. 1.Experimental The reagent including sodium hypophosphite and Nickel Sulfate which are analytically pure and grain size is between 20-30 nm and purity is 90%，manufactured by JILINSITONG Co., Ltd. 1.1 Experimental Methods (1)Pretreatment of (SiC)P (SiC)P had no catalytic activity itself.
Tab.1 Paramenters of microvave absorption of the paints Number Wave absorbing agent Wave absorbing agent content% Coating layer Wave absorbing property 1 SiC particles 10 2 18.34GHz, -3.72dB 2 Ni/SiC composite particles 10 1 17.01GHz, -16.47dB 3 Ni/SiC composite particles 10 2 16.11GHz, -25.51dB 3.Conclusion Based on condition in which nickel sulphate act as main salt, sodium hypophosphite act as reduction agent ,adopting chemical coating to modify the SiC particles,the conclusion are: (1)Comparing to the original (SiC)P, the product’s dispersion and conductivity were rised noticeably, the Ni/SiC composite particles were formed when large nickel coated on the surface of (SiC)P