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The materials used for brazing were fine grain graphite R 6710 plates from the German company SGL Group and the CFC NB31.
The number of samples investigated per system listed in Table 1 (TiC, TiC0.2, Ti and uncoated graphite) was four.
The bar in Figure 6b labels the shear strength range of the used fine grain graphite.

Grain cereals The samples (5*0.01 g) were prepared by adding 5 ml water for wetting, placed for 5 min, added 15 ml acetonitrile and swirled for 3 min.
The number of the degrease procedure depended on the oil content of oil crops.
Purification Vegetables, fruits, grain cereals and oil crops Samples were extracted using Alumina B extraction cartridges.

In Spite of that, We still have to think carefully about the factors as the big difference of absorbing gas ability between liquid and solid state of gold alloy; big difference of specific density and melting point between gold and alloying elements; big alloy thermal conductivity; high volume and linear contraction in the process of preparation gold alloy target billet, which will lead to many problems like severely macro-segregation and micro-segregation, coarse dendrite microstructure, big unhomogeneous of grain size and distribution, inclusion, serious central shrinkage cavity and porosity, serious surface defect, high reject rate that made by casting crack and so on.
With more than ten years，effort, China have got great achievement in the target making field of precious metal, these Chinese companies are able to product a series of target production like pure gold,1N14, 2N18, rose gold, rhotanium; in addition, they have applied for tens of patents and published a great number of papers.
producing high value-added gold alloy targets are very strict and can be concluded as follows: 1) Develop new advanced gold alloy production: To meet the market requirement in production of gold alloy coating film materials, the combination effects of major adding metals and micro alloying elements should be investigated carefully to improve the gold alloy’s chromaticity, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high performance of optics and thermodynamics; In addition, the dosage of Au should be as less as possible. 2) Low impurity concentration: Strictly control the concentrations of C, H, O, N and the quantities of their compounds in gold alloys, special attention should also be paid to control the concentration of some harmful compositions as Ni, Cd, and As. 3) Control the microstructure of target: Gold alloys target should have the characters of high surface quality, low porosity and central shrinkage cavity, higher density, high solid solubility and low segregation, uniform fine grain

A large number of short and deep secondary micro cracks, which is perpendicular to the tensile direction can be observed on the side of the fracture.
In-situ characterization of the electrochemistry of grain and grain boundary of an X70 steel in a near-neutral pH solution [J].

There are two different superconducting phases in the Tl-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconducting system depending on the number of CuO2 layers in the crystal structure [1-2].
For example, most metallic alloys are crystalline, but they usually have many independent crystal regions (crystals or grains) in different directions separated by boundaries of grain; moreover, it contains other crystal defects (notably disturbances) that reduce the structural perfection degree.

In recent years the number of operators in the mining sector continues to increase, especially those who choose to invest in small-scale mining in Madagascar.
Its physical proprieties were as follows: relative specific density, (2650±5) kg/m3; water absorption, 1.5±1%; bulk density, (1530±5) kg/m3 and maximum grain size, 2.00 mm (Fig. 2).
Cumulative grain size distributions of powders and sands.
The surface mean diameter D[3,2] of the sample is calculated from the size distribution curve by means of Eq. 1, in which ni corresponds to the number of particles of diameter di.
The volume mean diameter D[4,3] of the sample is calculated from the size distribution curve by means of Eq. 2, in which ni corresponds to the number of particles of diameter di.

Research in materials science in Poland is undertaken in a number of institutes and universities.
The following parameters have been used to rank the institutions: • number of publications in international and domestic journals, • number of degrees awarded, • number of patents and registered innovations, • number of certified test laboratories • weighted number of proved applications of their research results outside the institution.
The general feeling is that their number is marginal.
A number of methods are used for processing nano-metals via severe plastic deformation.
One of the projects aims at a quantitative description of grain boundary effects on mechanical properties of nano-metals obtained via different technological routes (nanocrystallization, powder compacting, severe plastic deformation).

Then, a number of the best features are taken to form the feature subset.
Document Frequency (DF) For each unique term t, DF (t) is the number of documents in which the term t occurs in a document set.
Definition 2.1 Categorical Term Frequency Probability (CTFP) (5) (6) : Term frequency of term t occurs in category, : Categorical term frequency distribution probability of term t in category : Number of the documents in category : Number of categories in corpus CTFP feature selection criterion: All terms are independently scored according to CTFP.
Definition 2.3 Maximum Term Frequency Category Tendency Factor (MTFCTF) (10) (11) : Number of categories in corpus.
The second one is to propose the CTFP_VM feature selection algorithm and compare the F1-metric with traditional algorism such as CHI, IG and ECE from 200 to 1000 numbers of features subsets on two corpuses.

Experiment planning is a structured process for selecting the experiments number and conditions that are necessary and sufficient to obtain the task with the required accuracy [3, 4].
Methods: On the one hand, this paper will analyze the chemical composition and the grain composition of BA and OPC by laser granulometry method using the BT-9300Z device (China).
The precise value of α - “star shoulder” depends on certain properties desired for the design and on the number of variables involved.
Levels and intervals of the CCD varying factors Parameter factors Description factors Levels varying factors Intervals varying factors -1.414 -1 0 +1 +1.414 BA amount (%) x1 14.5 20 30 40 45.5 10% and 5.5% EPS Amount (%) x2 24.5 30 40 50 55.5 10% and 5.5% The number of the CCD experiments for the two factors is indicated by formula (2): N = 2k +2×k + m. (2) where: k is the factors number (k = 2) and m is the trials number repeating at the center (m = 5 as suggested by Williams [1] and Wackerly et al. [2]).
is the estimation of the inadequacy dispersion, determined by equation (7): , (7) Where: B is the coefficient numbers of the second-order regression equation that were significant (B = 6), Yj is the observed value of the i-th experiment, andis the obtained value of the experimental function in accordance with the i-th experiment, is the Fisher criterion value, obtained from the references data [15], with a significant level of a = 0.05; f1 is the number of freedom degrees for the residual variance ; f2 is the number of freedom degrees for estimating the observed variance .

The decision which kind of temperature assistance is the most useful in order to improve the formability of the material depends on a hugh number of process influencing parameters, like e.g. the material itself, the geometry of the component, the number of forming operations etc..
As a consequence the mass transportation started and the number of traveling persons was increasing from one decade to another.
On the other there is also the idea of integration: today a lot of components, produced in aluminium, are an assembly of a number of single parts.
Taking these investigations into account, the conclusion is that a austenitization temperature between 860 °C and 950 °C with a minimum heat treatment time of 6 to 3 min is necessary, in order to guarantee a complete, homogeneous austenitization of the grain structure.
The reasons are the necessity of thermo-mechanical coupled calculation and the increasing number of boundary conditions and input data.