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Over the years, Aluminium Matrix Composites (AMCs) have gained importance in numerous structural, non-structural and functional applications in different engineering sectors.
Krishan Kumar Chawla, Composite materials: science and engineering, 2nd Edition,1998
Mortensen, Particle reinforced metals of high ceramic content, Materials Science and Engineering A 387–389 (2004) 822-831
Adamiak, Influence of heat treatment on properties and corrosion resistance of Al-composite, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 21 (2007) 55-58
Suganuma, Wetting and strength issues at Al/α–alumina interfaces, Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23 (2003) 2787–2796

Journal of Hazardeous Materials 173 (2010), pp. 480-486
Ceramic International 36 (2010), pp. 215-221 [13] S.
Journal of Building Engineering 14 (2017), pp. 7-14 [14] R.
The fly ash of class C for ceramic technology.
Materials Science and Engineering. 385 (2018), pp. 1-6

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[23] Franco, L.A. and Sinatora, A, 3D surface parameters (ISO 25178-2): Actual meaning of Spk and its relationship to Vmp, Precision Engineering.  40 (2015)106-111
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[36] Liu Y, Wang Y, Wang D, Ma J, Liu L, Shen Z, Self-glazed zirconia reducing the wear to tooth enamel, Journal of the European Ceramic Society. 36(2016)2889–2894
[42] Yıldırım ÇV, Kıvak T, Erzincanlı F, Tool wear and surface roughness analysis in milling with ceramic tools of Waspaloy: a comparison of machining performance with different cooling methods, Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering. 41 (2019)1–15

This is because of oversized crystallographic grains closing intrinsic microporosity or the total or partial absence of macropores from process engineering.
Daculsi, In Vivo Demonstration of 2 Types of Microporosity on the Kinetic of Bone Ingrowth and Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics Resorption Key Engineering Materials.1233(2007) 361-363
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Ayub1,d 1Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43000 Serdang Selangor, Malaysia. 2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
Baumard: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 21 (2001) 1087-1092
Matsutani: Ceramics International, 37 (2011) 3445–3450
Baumard: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 18 (1997)323-328
Sumi: Journal of Polymer Science Part A-l, 7 (1969) 3151-3158

Saad2 1Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 2School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia azulfadli.rani@live.com Keywords: Finite element modelling, coated substrate, stress analysis Abstract.
Elastic modulus is closely related with stress during the contact, particularly in hard materials such as ceramics [5, 6].
Berndt, Contact damage in alumina-based plasma sprayed coatings, Journal of the American Ceramic Society. 79 (1996) 1907-1914
Gowri Shankar, Fracture mechanics approaches to coating strength evaluation, Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 55 (1996) 235-248
Lee, Effect of elastic modulus mismatch on the contact crack initiation in hard ceramic coating layer, KSME International Journal.17, (2003) 1928-1937.

The piezoelectric ceramic is bonded to the bottom of the stator.
There are 9 nodal lines along the stator when the piezoelectric ceramic is excited.
Wallaschek: International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, Vol. 38 (2003) No.2, p.143 [4] J.J.
Tian: Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 42 (2006) No.12, p.175 (In Chinese) [8] Y.L.
Bogy: Journal of Tribology, Vol. 115 (1993) No.4, p.625 [12] Y.X.

Theisen, New wear-resistant materials for mining applications, 3rd International Conference on Stone and Concrete Machining (ICSCM) (2015) 297–305
Krause, Inductive supported coating, Heat Processing - International Magazine for Industrial Furnaces, Heat Treatment & Equipment (2013) 61–65
Tillmann, Methods for brazing ceramic and metal-ceramic joints, Materials and Manufacturing Processes 8 (1993) 219–238
Theisen, CVD Coating of Oxide Particles for the Production of Novel Particle-Reinforced Iron-Based Metal Matrix Composites, Open Journal of Applied Sciences 6 (2016) 260–269
Theisen, Supersolidus liquid-phase sintering of ultrahigh-boron high-carbon steels for wear-protection applications, Materials Science and Engineering: A (2012) 511–521

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 2003;125:519-28
In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Fracture.
Optics and Lasers in Engineering 47 (2009) 860–864 [7] Verheyen W, Raes A, Coopmans JP, Lambert JL.
Chen, Laser cutting of thick ceramic substrate by controlled fracture technique.
The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 1996,12(1):47-59 [12] Egidijus Vanagas, Jouji Kawai, Kazutaka G.Nakamura.

The treatment of ceramic and metal mould is difficult.
With the improvement of prototype manufacturing accuracy, various indirect tooling techniques are becoming mature. and the methods chose for engineer should be determined by production volume.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol. 155 (2004) , p1111-1117 [2] Gideon N.
Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Vol106, (2000), p191-198 [4] Yunfeng Yang, Simo-Pekka Hannula.
Development of precision spray forming for rapid tooling, Materials Science and Engineering: A, Vol477, (2008), p63-68 [5] Sadegh Rahmati, Phill Dickens, Rapid tooling analysis of Stereolithography injection mould tooling Original Research Article, International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, Vol47, (2007) , p740-747