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The morphological study showed that both prepared scaffold have highly porous structures with good pore interconnected structure.
An ideal scaffold should have the appropriate surface chemistry, porosity, and biocompatibility in which optimizing to reduce inflammation and immune response, and mechanical properties.
As shown in Fig.1, it can be observed that as the concentration of CNC increased, the structure of scaffolds become rougher in which more complex density.
That would be beneficial as a rough surface may provide abundant points for cell attachment and three-dimensional porous structure of scaffold will be favorable for nutrients and metabolic waste exchange [11].
[9] Fereshtehsadat Mirab, M.E., and Reza Bagheri, Fabrication and Characterization of a Starch-Based Nanocomposite Scaffold with Highly Porous and Gradient Structure for Bone Tissue Engineering.

The SEM observations showed that the CA–LA–PA was adsorbed into the porous structure of EG, instead of any chemical action.
The SEM image of EG shows that EG has a worm-like porous structure.
Such structure increases its surface area, making molten CA–LA–PA be adsorbed by EG easier with a maximum ratio of 94.7 wt%.
In Fig. 3b, the SEM micrographs of CA–LA–PA/EG, CA–LA–PA is uniformly scattered and embedded in the porous structure of EG.
There is just some physical adsorption action between CA–LA–PA and EG, and the open pore structure in the surface of EG.

However, reduction of mechanical properties due to the introduction of an amorphous structure within the cement composite has limited its application.
This deterioration is probably caused by the increased porosity due to the air-entraining effect of latex [12–14] and the amorphous structure of the latex film [10].
The polymer nanocomposite networks are much less likely to entrap air voids or delay the hydration process in comparison to the layer polymer structures.
Fig.8 presents some typical structures in the solution prepared by both methods.
Galiotis, Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties, Prog.

Microstructural study using SEM shows that the fly ash particulates in the molten matrix forms strong matrix reinforcement interface and their distribution might have led to the increase in mechanical properties of the composites due to fine grain structure during extrusion and dislocation density in the matrix.
Microphotographs of extruded composites suggest that the fly ash particles and their distribution might have led to the increase in mechanical properties of the composites due to fine grain structure during extrusion by eliminating porosity.
Burns, The chemistry and mineralogy of coal and coal combustion products, Geol.
Stobierski, TEM characterization of the reaction products in aluminium–fly ash couples, Materials Chemistry and Physics 81, 2003, pp. 296–300

The fabricated structure and the energy level of the OLED devices with hybrid Ag nanoparticles/ITO are shown in Figs. 3(a & b), respectively.
Fig. 3: (a & b) Structure and energy level of fabricated OLED based on synthesized Ag nanoparticles on ITO anode by plasma-assisted hot-filament evaporation.
Kido, Development of high performance OLEDs for general lighting, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 1 (2013) 1699-1707
Park, Enhanced performance of blue polymer light-emitting diodes by incorporation of Ag nanoparticles through the ligand-exchange process, Journal of Materials Chemistry C 4 (2016) 10445-10452
Majid, Controlled growth of silver nanoparticles on indium tin oxide substrates by plasma-assisted hot-filament evaporation: Physical properties, composition, and electronic structure, Thin Solid Films 693 (2020) 137686

Many studies on RS were focused on the physicochemical characterization, health benefit, preparation of RS, and its related products[4-11] .The physical and chemical characterization of RS, i.e. water holding capability, will be different from its starch origin due to the molecular structure change during the RS process.
The lack of exact definitions has led to the use of many ill-defined terms such as “bound,” “free,” “structured,” etc., to describe states or mobility of water in biopolymers.
Food Chemistry. 111 (2008) 50-55
Part I: Relationship between resistant starch contents and molecular structures,J.
Cereal Chemistry. 67 (1990) 575–580

In order to clarify if topographic surface structures or changed adhesion is responsible for the reduced sand friction, measurements employing the atomic force microscope were performed.
AFM measurements of the topography of native scales, reconstituted proteins and silanised glycans of Scincus scincus and Eumeces schneideri resulted in high differences of the surface structure whereby the adhesion force was found to be similar in each species as measured by force-distance diagrams (Figure 3).
For this reason, a comparative MALDI-MS analysis must now be performed to identify chemical structures that are capable to decrease adhesive forces.
The sandfish's skin: morphology, chemistry and reconstruction.
Modifying the Surface Chemistry of Silica Nano-Shells for Immunoassays.

Exploring the Effect of Molecular Components on Hydrolysis-resistance Performance and Hydrophilicity of Amphiphilic Poly(ester-block-ether) Copolymers Heng Zhang1, a, Xiaoze Jiang1, b, Xiaoyun Pan3, c, Ya Du1, 2, d, Christopher Jones4, e, Xiaohuan Ji1, f, Jinfang Wang3, g, Yan Wu3, h, Yuanyuan Zhang3, i, Bin Sun1, j* and Meifang Zhu1, k* 1State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620 China. 2Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textile, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620 China. 3Unilever Research and Development Shanghai Centre, 66 Lin Xin Road, Shanghai 200335 China. 4Unilever Research and Development Port Sunlight Centre, Quarry Road East, Bebington, Wirral, CH63 3JW, United Kingdom.
P(DMT-EG)-b-PEG P(DMT-EG)-b-PEA P(DMT-NPG)–b-PEA P(DHIP-NPG)-b-PEA DHIP:NPG=1:0.8 DHIP:NPG=1:1 Scheme 1 Molecular structures of the amphiphilic copolymers Herein, four amphiphilic poly(ester-block-ether) copolymers were synthesized (Scheme 1) to investigate the effects of the monomers categories and connecting bonds categories between polyester and the hydrophilic chains on the hydrophilicity and hydrolysis-resistance performance of copolymers.
It could be inferred that, the amphiphilic P(DHIP-NPG)-b-PEA copolymer would have good affinity to polyester fabrics, and change the polyester fabrics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic to some extent, as P(DHIP-NPG)-b-PEA copolymers contain both polyester and polyether chain segments, the molecular structure of which are similar to polyester, and they could generate strong interaction force with fabrics [22].
Conclusions In this study, the effect of polyester molecular structures and components on hydrolysis-resistance performance and hydrophilicity of poly(ester-block-ether) copolymers were systematically studied.
Polymer Chemistry. 43(2005) 3482-3470

Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow State University of Technology “STANKIN” 3MEMSEC R&D Center of National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET) Moscow, Zelenograd, Russia aanna.sandulyak@mail.ru, bm.polismakova@mail.ru, cd.sandulyak@mail.ru, da.sandulyak@mail.ru, eseparator-mami@mail.ru, faukurm@gmail.com, gmaximm@ckp-miet.ru Keywords: modified (magnetic) carbon sorbents, powder sample, particle, magnetic susceptibility, concentration and field dependences.
But the use of a liquid-dispersed medium instead of sand is unacceptable, because due to the magnetic interaction of particles in such a medium, chains of particles are easily formed, which means that the structure of the sample as a whole changes.
It should be warned that the use of a sample in the form of a suspension or colloid for this purpose is unacceptable: in these cases, as shown in [3] based on the analysis of the data [7], the magnetic effect on such a liquid-dispersed medium violates the initial, characterized by a certain distribution of particles, the structure of the sample.
So, in colloid under the influence of a magnetic field, the particles under study freely move through the volume of the medium, to interact with each other – with the formation of chains and aggregates of particles, and therefore with a change in the initial structure of the sample, which leads to a distortion of the measurement result.
Ershova, Magnetic Iron-Containing Carbon Materials as Sorbents for the Removal of Pollutants from Aquatic Media (A Review), Solid Fuel Chemistry. 55 (5) (2021) 285–305

The chemical structure of citrus x aurantiifolia and substrate metal are shown in Figs. 1 and 2, respectively.
Fig. 1 Chemical structure of the inhibitor Fig. 2 Substrate metal sample used in the experiment Corrosion weight loss test.
Ebenso, Effect of substituent dependent molecular structure on anti-corrosive behavior of one-pot multicomponent synthesized pyrimido [2, 1-B] benzothiazoles: Computer modelling supported experimental studies, Journal of Molecular Liquids. 287 (2019) 110972
Iroha, An investigation on the inhibitory action of modified almond extract on the corrosion of Q235 mild steel in acid environment, IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry. 12 (2019) 01-10
Plant Extract as Corrosion Inhibitor, Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces. 55(2019) 1182-1194