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Materials and Methods 2.1 Physical properties of target (Ag) Silver is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47.
Ethanol is a solvent that can be also mixed with a number of other organic solvents, including acetic acid, acetone…).
The liquid depth was 2mm, the number of laser shots applied for the metal target at (50,100,150) pulses.
Show Figure (5-d) the extinction coefficient increases by increasing the number of laser pulses high values appear in the visible region.
This means that the metal transforming into semiconductor material and when grain size become smaller the optical energy gap increased this agree with [21].

Coherent growth of precipitates, formation of inhomogeneous composition phase boundaries, local ordering or micro-domain formation and changes to the composition of the grain boundary phase also affect the long term conductivity of the electrolyte [7].
Fig. 3 : Interface regions at 850°C of the YSZ electrolyte and cermet Ni/YSZ a) elaborated with 'pure' NiO powder containing <0.2 impurities after 1500h in H2-3%H2O b) elaborated with NiO powder containing 0.4% impurities (such as Si, Na, K, Al) after 1800h in H2-1%H2O (A) YSZ grains, (B) impurity phase, and (C) opened grain boundaries.
The white elements in the opened grain boundaries are Ni-rich phase [36] Alternative materials with mixed ionic-electronic conductivity (MIEC) have been proposed as potential SOFC anodes.
Because the reactivity problems of YSZ are not found in the GDC system, a much larger number of cathode options are available for SOFCs based on the GDC electrolyte.
Conclusion The increasing number of published studies or conferences dedicated to SOFCs over the past recent years reflects the great interest in the SOFC technology which constitutes a real alternative for relatively clean distributed power generation.

It was observed that the 15% PVP-K30 method had a large number of submicron powders.
The reason for this is that the grain refinement could improve the mechanical properties of the material [21-23].
There is a large number of sub-micron dimensions exist in 15% PVP-K30 mixture crushing
The micro-shock-waveof ultrasonic cavitation can form a large number of small metal droplets during the ultrasonic mixed crushing process.
[23] Lin, Y., et al., Ultra-fine grained structure in Al–Mg induced by discontinuous dynamic recrystallization under moderate straining.

In the last five years a number of publications have appeared, that report on promising performance of GaSb both in traditional thermoelectric converters [3,4] and in thermoelectric photovoltaic (TPV) converters [5,6].
The GaSb island size distribution and surface concentration were calculated with Balagan Grain Analysis software [13].
Unfortunately, a significant number of microtwins appeared during a silicon overgrowth.
The thermoelectric figure of merit of the nanostructured material can be increased by increasing the number of embedded layers of GaSb NCs.
Goroshko, Universal algorithm for scanning probe microscopy images grain analysis of objects on the surface, in: IEEE, 2017: pp. 19–24. doi:10.1109/RPC.2017.8168059

The increased number and diversity of thin film coatings applied in industry arises an increased demand for practical and reliable characterization of surface coatings itself.
The brittle inter crystalline fracture surface revealed the grain structure of the coating.

Two-phase flow simulations were performed using COMSOL Multiphysics on the micro-CT images to show the effect of the capillary number and the flow pattern.
The pore and throat size and grain angularity affect the nanofluids flow, as the particles amalgamate and stuck inside the porous structure causing less propagation and less production of oil [12].

Based on the results of the analysis, a number of recommendations were formulated to improve the efficiency of the considered design scheme for seismic effects of varying intensity.
The soils in the area of the reconstructed building are coarse-grained, lying down to a depth of about 10-20 m.

This deposition method was chosen due to its relatively low cost, easy to achieve, and leads to obtaining thin layers with good adherence to the substrate, and with different thicknesses, depending on the number of deposited layers.
After cutting these were prepared by successive grinding on metallographic paper to the 800 grain size.

Surface topography of microorganism films were observed by using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), The result showed that number of SRB were a little, so that microorganism films can't form in the surface of CAM; Microscopic structure was analyzed in the process corrosion, with increase of exposure time, selective corrosion occurred mainly on containing Al at a high level of β-phase and κ-phase.
The sulfide divides two kinds, what the binding energy low is the -2 price sulfide, what the binding energy high is the -1 price sulfide, the S-1 content is higher than S-2 by far the content, explained that in the corrosion product level is mainly the -1 price sulfide, -1price S compound is stable than the -2 price S compound, the crystal grain flaw are few, forms the quite compact protective film in the surface.

If the calcination temperature is 350 ℃ and the reduction temperature is 350 ℃, the reduced catalyst is numbered as MC350-350, and the code of the prepared carbon nanotubes is M350-350.
The detailed number is shown in Table 3.
Table 1 Catalysts sample number Calcination temperature (℃) Reduction temperature (℃) Catalyst number Carbon nanotube number 350 350 MC350-350 M350-350 350 450 MC350-450 M350-450 350 600 MC350-600 M350-600 450 450 MC450-450 M450-450 450 600 MC450-600 M450-600 600 600 MC600-600 M600-600 Characterization.
Both the number of coarse carbon nanotubes and the tube diameter span increases with the increase of the reduction temperature.
There are nanocrystalline grains of various sizes, which affect the difference of carbon nanotube diameter, possibly because of the agglomeration of active components[18].