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Water Related Properties of Birch Wood Modified with Phenol-Formaldehyde (PF) Resins Juris Grinins1,a*, Vladimirs Biziks2,b, Ilze Irbe1,c and Janis Rizikovs1,d 1Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Dzerbenes 27, Riga, LV-1006, Latvia 2Georg August University Goettingen, Institute of Wood Biology and Wood Products, Büsgenweg 4, 37077 Goettingen, Germany ajurisgrinins@inbox.lv, bvbiziks@gwdg.de, cilzeirbe@edi.lv, dj.rizikovs@edi.lv Keywords: birch, phenol-formaldehyde resin, dimensional stability, impregnation.
After curing, fixation of the resin is provided by the formation of a rigid three-dimensional network in the wood structure [4].
Gril, Structure and properties of chemically treated woods, in: Recent Research on Wood and Wood Based Materials, Elsevier, Barking, 1993

In the low temperature conditions, primary valence force, sub-valence force, physical and chemical bond forces of particle/matrix interface, and physical and chemistry cross-link nodes of the propellant all play a role.
Conclusions According to the above analysis, it can be shown that the internal structure damage and mechanical properties of HTPB propellant have significant difference in different temperature conditions, as the following: (1) The failure of propellant mainly presents matrix tearing and particle brittle fracture at low temperature, but particle/matrix interface de-wetting at room temperature
(2) Stress-strain plots of propellant appear significant yield region at low temperature, but not obvious at room temperature, which indicates that the yield is affected by the internal structure of propellant and the low temperature

Evaluation of electrochemical properties of the PEO-coatings treated with hydrophobic agent solution on aluminium alloy EGORKIN Vladimira *, VYALIY Igorb, SINEBRYUKHOV Sergeyc, GNEDENKOV Sergeyd Institute of Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 pr. 100-letiya Vladivostoka, Vladivostok 690022, Russia aegorkin@ich.dvo.ru, bigorvyal@gmail.com, csls@ich.dvo.ru, dsvg21@hotmail.com Keywords: Protective coatings, plasma electrolytic oxidation, wettability, hydrophobicity, contact angle, aluminium, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
The impedance fitting practice and the PEO-layer structure data confirm the presence of the two time constants (two bends on the dependency of the phase angle on the frequency) represented porous and poreless parts of the PEO-layer.
Wu, Ultrafast fabrication of rough structures required by superhydrophobic surfaces on Al substrates using an immersion method // Chem.

Ca2+, Mg2+, results in the progressive breaking of these oxygen bonds with the formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO), with increasing the value of basicity, the complex polymers of silicate complicated structures as SiO44- tetrahedral break down into smaller units, denoted O and eventually the formation of free oxygen, O2-, ions, which should lead to lower melting temperature of the slags.
When melt system have typically high basicity with high Al2O3 and low SiO2, alumina works as network former, which is similar to SiO2 in silicate system, and some of the Al3+ ions assumed tetrahedral coordination and replaced Si in the liquid network [12, 13], it is similar to SiO2 in silicate system, higher concentrations of CaO could make the complex polymers of aluminum complicated structures as AlO45- tetrahedral break down into smaller units, reduce the degree of polymerization, attraction force between ions increase.
Richardson, Physical Chemistry of Melts in Metallurgy, (Academic press, USA 1974) [8] K.

The BP network structure is simple and easy to be realized.
Rao et al [1] used 4-layer ANN of the structure 5×25×25×2 to predict SiC/SiC CMC ceramic property and got the satisfactory results.
Li: Computers and Applied Chemistry Vol. 18 (2001), p. 97

Such undesirable phenomenon on ship's hull, oil rig support, buoy and fish cage is called marine biofouling, which do a lot of harm to the surface of the structure.
Further research has been conducted to characterize the molecular structure of natural compounds and to explore its chemical synthesis.
Alzieu: Ocean & Coastal Management Vol.40 (1998), p. 23-36 [7] Iwao Omae, in: The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 5, Part O, edited by O.

Janzén Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, S-58183 Linköping, Sweden Keywords: phosphorus donor, nitrogen donor, aluminum acceptor, donor-acceptor pair.
The structure of the sharp features in the region approximately 3060-3140 meV and arising from recombination of pairs at intermediate distances (intermediate pairs) differs substantionally in the N-Al and P-Al cases (see later).
This variation is shown in Fig. 3(a,b) for all sets (note, however, that hkII and khII have equivalent structure, as do hkI and khI), and for both the N-Al and P-Al cases.

Self-Sensing Control Research on a Linear Compressor Liqin Zhang1, 2, a, Guohong Peng1, 2, b , Huiming Zou 1, c, Changqing Tian1, d 1 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China 2 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P.R.China a zlq@mail.ipc.ac.cn, b ghpeng_07@126.com, c zouhuiming77@126.com, d chqtian@mail.ipc.ac.cn Keywords: Self-Sensing Control; Linear Compressor; Moving-Magnet; SPWM Abstract.
Fig.4 shows the hardware structure of the control system.
R232 Driver Circuit DAQ Displacement Sensor Current Transducer Voltage Transducer AC Power IGBT H Bridge DSP PWM A/D Linear Compressor Pressure Gauge PC Fig.4 Structure diagram of the control system hardware Software.

Control of shell thickness of hollow silica-alumina composite spheres and their activity for hydrolytic dehydrogenation of ammonia borane Naoki Toyama1,a, Tetsuo Umegaki1,b,＊, Qiang Xu2,c and Yoshiyuki Kojima1,d 1Department of Materials & Applied Chemistry, College of Science & Engineering, Nihon University, 1-8-14, Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-Ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan 2National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka, 563-8577, Japan acsna12039@g.nihon-u.ac.jp, bumegaki.tetsuo@nihon-u.ac.jp (corresponding auther), cq.xu@aist.go.jp, dkojima.yoshiyuki@nihon-u.ac.jp Keywords: Hollow silica-alumina composite spheres; Shell thickness; Hydrolytic dehydrogenation; Ammonia borane Abstract.
However, there are few reports on solid acids, and the relationship between their structure and activity has not been clearly shown.
For a systematic investigation of the effect of the morphology on activity, we have focused on hollow spheres because of their intrinsic features, such as being easily controlled structures.

Experimental study of material thickness effect on combustion characteristic for molded polystyrene board Miao Zhang1, 2, a, Wenhua Song1, Xingna Liu3, b, Changhai Li4, Ji Wang1 1Environment and Chemistry College, Tianjin Polytechnic University Tianjin, 300387, China 2Tianjin Fire-fighting General Corps, Fire Brigade of Hebei District Tianjin, 300100, China 3Fire Corps of Henan Province, Xinyang Fire Brigade Henan, Xinyang 464100, China 4University of Science and Technology of China, Anhui, Hefei aemail: zhangmiao713@126.com bemail: 693729138@qq.com Keywords: Thermoplastic insulation materials; Polystyrene foam; Combustion characteristic; Material thickness Abstract.
The expanded polystyrene foam (EPS) is a kind of polystyrene with closed-cell structure and its temperature does not exceed 75 ℃, which is made from polystyrene beads through heating, preforming and molding.
The experimental platform structure The thermoplastic external thermal insulation material combustion characteristic experiment platform is set under the exhaust fume collecting hood of the ISO9705 experimental facility [3,4].