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Thus, at the condition when Al and Ni are in stoichiometric ratio within NiAl compound, the microhardness reaches the minimum values, however, as increasing the number of defects in the crystal lattice and, as a result, changing the stoichiometric ratio, the hardness of NiAl increases [18].
Froes, Grain growth and recrystallization of nanocrystalline Al3Ti prepared by mechanical alloying.

Both type of aggregate can be washed to remove dust and clay grains especially.
Acknowledgements This work was financially supported by project “SUPMAT – Promotion of further education of research worker from advanced building material centre” Registration number CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0111 References [1] Mostafa, A., A., Nour, W., M., N., Ibrahim, D., M., Abou-Maatty, M., A.: Interceram.

We extracted gray variation curve of the cross-section that was perpendicular to grain direction (the measuring direction of surface roughness) through LabVIEW program, and calculated standard deviation of the curve (standard deviation of micrograph gray variance, named W).
(a) Original image (b) Image after filtering Fig.8 Gray variation curves before and after filtering Fig.7 Distribution directions of the highest W Fig.6 Flow chart of the software Y N Acquiring image Drawing the first sampling line Increasing longitudinal coordinate of end point Longitudinal coordinate of end point>462 Completing line drawing scanning Extracting the highest W and the corresponding index number Gaining the sampling line coordinates of the highest W EndThe measurement of surface roughness (Ra) depended on model of 2302 surface profile measuring instrument produced by HMCT Group.

It also indicates that the crystal grain of the ring grow up after heat treatment.
SEM photographs of fracture surface of fastener rings Fig.4. radial strain of fasten rings after free recovery at different temperatures 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 R a d i al s t r ai n ε r( % ) Temperature (℃) sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 Fig.5. strain recovery ratio of sample 1, 2 and 3 1 2 3 0 20 40 60 80 Strain recovery ratio (%) the number of sample (a) (b) Conclusions After fastener rings are fabricated by TIG welding, when the total strain of fastener rings without heat treatment after welding is 14.2%, the strain recovery begins at 55℃ and completes at 75℃, with the strain recovery ratio be around 79.4%.

Flow rates of TES and H2 are 0.5 sccm and 2.0 slm (a), 0.3 sccm and 2.0 slm (b), 0.3 sccm and 6.0 slm (c). 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 Raman Shift (cm-1 ) Intensity (arb.units) ( c ） ( a ） ( b ） -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 Δω (deg) Intensity (arb.units) 3C-SiC (111) ( c ） FW HM = 0.79 ° ( b ） FW HM = 1.10 ° ( a ） FW HM = 1.29 ° Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 for each growth condition.
The average grain size was estimated about 500 nm.

Net donor concentration distribution for X and Y direction in the 4H-SiC wafer 0.0E+00 5.0E+17 1.0E+18 1.5E+18 2.0E+18 2.5E+18 3.0E+18-25 -15 -5 5 15 25 Positon from wafer center (mm) Net donor concentration (cm-3) X direction Y direction Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 shows the net donor concentration distribution in this sample.
Janzén et al. have observed local lifetime reduction at small angle grain boundaries in epitaxial 4H-SiC [1].

Investigate its reason, deposition rate is improved with ascending temperature and then the coating thickness increases, as well as the deposit sites grow in number, which causes that the celluar deposited particles become smaller and the film thickness also increases.
The deposition rate, hardness and corrosion resistance are all good when the optimal temperature is 75℃, and the surface morphology of deposits is cystiform structure, smooth, the grain of crystal and good properties.

Usually, the model is based on SAML and XACML and takes the restrictive condition composed of identity attributes and context attributes to provide fine-grained access control, but it need negotiation ability that can make service requester communicate with the service provider and change the parameters in the request to get access to the services.
Suppose there are () number of manufacturers and the military wants to select () manufacturers to entry into the web service industry.

There have been a number of techniques for refining at high strains, and among them equal channel angular processing (ECAP), accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and friction stir processing (FSP) attracted a lot of research interests worldwide [2].
However this refinement process does not continue endlessly because of some sort of annihilation of boundaries, which restricts the rate of grain refinement at high strains [1].

Especially when the measurement of the sample material within the grain size reduced to nano-scale, the Young's modulus, hardness etc. physical quantities have a certain correlation to shape and size of the indenter.
Assume that the indenter and the contact surface of the thin film use frictionless contact condition and the number of atoms in both interface remains the same.