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Thus, the response of the piezoelectric material can be written as a set of two matrix relationships which characterizes the behavior of the electrical and mechanical components.
A M8503-P1 MFC with d33-effect was chosen to validate the model given the free strain and blocking force properties specified by the manufacturer.
A correction factor for the piezoelectric coefficient is required for accuracy, as noted in Latalski.
Furthermore, the piezoelectric and thermal analyses yield comparable results; thus, the thermal method was chosen for its superior robustness with rotated material properties for the PZT rods at large angles.
Two factors in the morphing tail influence this change in yaw moment: the area perpendicular to the flow which induces the drag force component of the restoring moment, and the increase in moment arm as the aircraft experiences sideslip.

Thermo Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication with Liquid-Solid Lubricant Wongseedakaew, Khanittha1,a, and Panichakorn, Jesda1,b 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Collage of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand akhanitthaw@kmutnb.ac.th (Corresponding Author), bjesdap@kmutnb.ac.th Keywords: Liquid-Solid Lubricant, Thermo EHL, Line Contact.
It was found that particles affect the film temperature and film thickness of lubricant in contact region.
The time in-dependent dimensionless energy equation for the oil film can be written as[3] ∂2θ∂Z2=KT1ρH2kPu*∂θ∂X-KT2μkP∂u*∂X2-KT3θH2kPu*∂P∂X-KT4S0CUTH2kPfpWPAh (3) where KT1=u0ρ0cPb3k0R02, KT2=μ0u02k0T0, KT3=βu0b3PHk0R02 and KT4=2u0E'bk0T0 The boundary conditions of the energy equation[5] are: θXinlet=1 and θ1/2=1±k0R0πρ1/2cP,1/2k1/2b3u0CUT1-S02XinletXexitkPH∂θ∂ZZ=0/1dX'X-X' The apparent viscosity needs to include a correction factor for viscosity-pressure [6] and the correction factor for solid particles in the lubricants according to Rylander[7].
The convergence criteria of pressure and hydrodynamic load are adopted as follows: i=0NPik+1-Piki=0NPik+1≤0.0001 and 1-2WTπXinletXexitPdXWT-WP≤0.0001 and i=0Nθik+1-θiki=0Nθik+1≤0.0001 (11) The roller data, properties of liquid lubricant and the properties of solid lubricant used in the analysis are given in Table 1 and Table 2.
Table 1 Physical properties of lubricant(SAE-90) and roller material[3] Equivalent radius, m 0.05 Equivalent modulus of elastic of roller, GPa 220 Inlet temperature of lubricant, K 303.15 Thermal conductivity of roller(k), W/m-K 50.2 Ambient density of the lubricant, kgm3 892.80 Ambient viscosity of the lubricant, Pa⋅s 0.114 Ambient thermal conductivity of lubricant(k0), W/m-K 0.126 Viscosity-Pressure index Z1 0.4706 Table 2 Physical properties of solid lubricant (MoS2)[3] Brinell hardness, GPa 3.139 Modulus of elasticity, GPa 34 Poisson ratio 0.13 Density, kgm3 4800 Friction coefficient 0.1 Particle diameter, μm 2 Results and Discussion Fig. 1 shows the variation of film pressure, film thickness and film temperature in the contact region for liquid lubricant (SAE-90) and liquid-solid lubricant (SAE-90 plus 10% MoS2 by weight) under applied load 200 kN/m, rolling speed 0.50 m/s.

Concerning classical molecular dynamics, the choice of interatomic potential function is determinative, and a number of functions and parameters have been investigated to regenerate various physical properties for typical materials such as major fcc metals like Al and Cu and bcc metals like Fe.
Accordingly, crystal lattice in the outside region of B1 is affected under conditions P0 and P-, i.e. without external load or under tensile load.
As the phase transformation area expands, not only the outside region but also the side regions are affected in the case of no external load, as shown in Figs 5(a)(ii) and (iii).
Also it revealed that this kind of inelastic deformation was triggered by the phase transformation, which means that the number of steps of phase transformation, or actually how transformation area expands, is more determinative factor than the amount of transformation.
Polycrystalline structure should also be taken into account, since the existence of grain boundaries may be one of the key factors.

Determination of the Deposition Characteristics and Luminance Decay Mechanisms in OLED and their Implications in Reliability Assessment Kwang Ki Lee and Tae Won Kim a School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea a twkim@hanyang.ac.kr Keywords: OLED, Deposition Characteristics, Luminance Decay Mechanisms, Reliability Assessment Abstract.
Since the life time of OLED is affected by environmental temperature and drive current, the reliability analysis from theses variations should be considered for the analysis of the mechanisms of luminance decay.
As a result of that, the optimal PID setting in the deposition process is the crucial factor for the reliability assessment in deposition characteristics.
The IC/5 thin film deposition controller minimizes the difference between the reference signal and the output signal which affects the formation of surface morphology.
Methods for reliability analysis have been developed in recent years to incorporate the uncertainties associated with geometrical and material properties, loading and boundary conditions, and operational environment.

Based on the static tensile tests in room temperature, major of material mechanical characters were obtained, such as yield strength, ultimate strength, elastic modulus and so forth.
These superior properties make HPS highly desirable for bridge applications.
Japan devoted effort to improve the weld ability, toughness, fatigue performance, and weathering property of HPS.
The yield-to-tensile strength ratio (Y/T) of steel increases with strength and is a major factor which influences the ductility of steel plates under tensile force.
The yield strength is affected by thickness, by the premise of same direction.

BACKGROUND The impact of temperature rise (which exceeds the threshold) of living organisms asses sed genetic changes will affect micro organism or certain death biota increased human stress symptoms and skin cancer changes in the nature of the disease.
The results of research / assessment of Greening Done With Media Land In general, the type Tree Among The Trees Produce Fruit Assessment by Siti Rahmatiaa Boedisantoso Grace, and Joni Hermana, 2012 at three types of Luxury Homes, Intermediate and Ordinary was conducted in the city of Surabaya North / computed value is calculated with the approach of emission factors and methods box model where the CO2 comes from energy consumption in the form of fuel, electronic equipment and waste from the septictank.
Beside three meteorological factors above, have also been conducted study evaporation from pan evaporation measurements whose results are shown in Table 6.
Evaporation average at roof garden greater Meteorological element that greatly affect are the temperature and the wind velocity that relatively high.
These factors are very influential to life style.

However, technological innovation also brings many unstable factors to the power supply system, such as gird harmonic pollution, three phase unbalance, and voltage flicker and so on.
This power quality problem affects the residents and industrial electric power [1].
Although the theory of the Fourier transform (FT) and the discrete Fourier transform theory (DFT) have become a common tool for signal processing, especially has an excellent properties in the time-frequency analysis, but the Fourier transform has a problem that the time domain and frequency domain information of signal could not be localized [3].
The essential of discretization is discretizes the scale factor a and displacement factor .
(Mechanical Industry Press, Beijing 1990).

Huang3 1 Department of Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China 2 Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 638075, Singapore 3 School of Applied Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154002, China a zhouming@hit.edu.cn Keywords: Diamond turning, Glass, Ultrasonic vibration cutting, Nano-indentation Abstract.
Glasses exhibit desirable optical properties needed for advanced optical instruments.
Tool wear is an important factor that affects the quality of the machined surface as well as the economics of machining.
The wear rate of a diamond tool depends heavily on the properties of the materials being machined, especially on such properties as hardness, strength and fracture toughness.

Sumesh Sasidharan1, a*, Arunachalam Veerappan1,b and Subramaniam Shanmugam1,c 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India.
The presence of cracks affects the load carrying capacity of the elbows.
Parameters of geometry [7,10] and properties of material [6] used for the present study are presented in Table 1.
Table 1 Geometry parameters and material properties Parameters of geometry Material properties Pipe mean radius, r (mm) Pipe thickness t (mm) Pipe ratio (r/t) Bend ratio (R/r) Crack angle (2θ) λ θ/π Young’s Modulus(E)= 200GPa Yield Stress(σo)= 200 MPa Poisson’s ratio (ν)= 0.3 50 10 5 2.5 5 10 20 3 3 3 45° 60° 90° 0.6 0.3 0.15 0.125 0.167 0.25 Crack Through wall circumferential at the extrados Ovality % 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 Thinning % 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 Fig. 2.
(4) Where the non dimensional factor, f, is given as Fig.3.

Representation of void nucleation growth and coalescence, due to unaccommodated grain boundary sliding With significant influences on cavitation, the material quality is also a key factor of success on aluminum 7475-T4 superplastic forming process.
As the market of aeronautical aluminum 7475-T4 sheets supplying is dedicated to small batch production, the reactivity of sheet manufacturers is around two months and affect directly the delivery time.
Impact of heat treatment on mechanical properties of aluminum 7475-T4 in this case of grain refinement The tensile test revealed a minor effect of the heat treatment on mechanical resistance but a significant improvement of the material elongation.
The investigations after a cracking case indicate that the grain size control is a key factor of success to assure the good working of a superplastic forming batch production.