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Online since: October 2014
Authors: Ahmed I. Seedahmed, Babiker K. Abdalla, Omer A. Shaneb, Abdalla I. Alajail
Data concerning Plastic Industry in Libya was collected to which some projection of the future production rate and waste rate has been estimated.
Data concerning Plastic Industry in Libya was collected to which some projection of the future production rate and waste rate has been estimated.
The basis for such interest is energy content of these polymeric materials compared to domestic fuels and energy resources as shown below in Table 1 [6]*: Table 1: Plastic materials Latent Energy compared to traditional energy products Polymers [MJ/kg] Fuels [MJ/kg] Biomass [MJ/kg] PE -46.3 Coal -32.5 Glucose -15.55 PP -46.4 Crude Oil -46.3 Wood -18 PET -23.5 Biodiesel -42.2 PVC -18 Natural Gas -53.6 PS -41.4 Methane -55.6 Hydrogen Gas -143 Gasoline -46.4 *reproduced from raw data available in UNEP Compendium [6] Polyolefin (LDPE, HDPE, PP) is a major type of thermoplastic used throughout the world in different applications such as bags, toys, containers, pipes (LDPE), house wares, industrial wrappings and film, gas pipes (HDPE), , battery cases, automotive parts, and electrical components (PP).
Some preparation of the waste plastics feed is required before pyrolysis, including size reduction and removal of most non plastics.
Data concerning Plastic Industry in Libya was collected to which some projection of the future production rate and waste rate has been estimated.
Data concerning Plastic Industry in Libya was collected to which some projection of the future production rate and waste rate has been estimated.
The basis for such interest is energy content of these polymeric materials compared to domestic fuels and energy resources as shown below in Table 1 [6]*: Table 1: Plastic materials Latent Energy compared to traditional energy products Polymers [MJ/kg] Fuels [MJ/kg] Biomass [MJ/kg] PE -46.3 Coal -32.5 Glucose -15.55 PP -46.4 Crude Oil -46.3 Wood -18 PET -23.5 Biodiesel -42.2 PVC -18 Natural Gas -53.6 PS -41.4 Methane -55.6 Hydrogen Gas -143 Gasoline -46.4 *reproduced from raw data available in UNEP Compendium [6] Polyolefin (LDPE, HDPE, PP) is a major type of thermoplastic used throughout the world in different applications such as bags, toys, containers, pipes (LDPE), house wares, industrial wrappings and film, gas pipes (HDPE), , battery cases, automotive parts, and electrical components (PP).
Some preparation of the waste plastics feed is required before pyrolysis, including size reduction and removal of most non plastics.
Data concerning Plastic Industry in Libya was collected to which some projection of the future production rate and waste rate has been estimated.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Firza Utama Sjarifudin
This system uses pre-programmed analysis data of daily solar radiation changes to parametrically drive the number of rotation phase and length of nose (Lobe Lift) that generates the shape of camshaft.
Location setting was in Jakarta, Indonesia (6.16 S, 106.48W), and the weather data was taken from 2008.
These settings were done in the microcontroller that collected input data from Grasshopper (Fig. 4) with Firefly plug-in [10] that connects the data from Grasshopper to microcontroller to drive the servo motor.
It works by its sensor that captures the existing environmental conditions as the data to be processed further in the microcontroller to drive the motor through the driver as shown in Fig. 12.
On the other hand, Centralized Motorized System (parametric camshaft) uses the analysis data of environmental simulation instead of sensors.
Location setting was in Jakarta, Indonesia (6.16 S, 106.48W), and the weather data was taken from 2008.
These settings were done in the microcontroller that collected input data from Grasshopper (Fig. 4) with Firefly plug-in [10] that connects the data from Grasshopper to microcontroller to drive the servo motor.
It works by its sensor that captures the existing environmental conditions as the data to be processed further in the microcontroller to drive the motor through the driver as shown in Fig. 12.
On the other hand, Centralized Motorized System (parametric camshaft) uses the analysis data of environmental simulation instead of sensors.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Rui Ping Zhou, Jing Wang, Yi Fang, Run Mei Hao, Dan Dan Zhou, Chun Xing Hai
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector, a comparative analysis on the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions during the sandstorm on April 29-30, 2011, and study the pattern of wind-sand flow structure have been done.
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector during the sandstorm on April 29-30,2011,the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions and the change in mode graph of wind-sand flow structure have been summarized, compared and analyzed, hence this study can be a typical sample in the arid and semi-arid regions, where sandstorms frequently occurred.
In Table1, data collected from a sandstorm on 29 to 30 April 2011 are listed and portions illustrated in figures 5.
Combining data of wind speed and wind direction, sediment discharge in eight directions at different heights have been analyzed.
The data listed above suggested that sediment discharge is greatest impacted by wind-sand flow when the sandbox collector port towards the main wind direction in sandstorms.
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector during the sandstorm on April 29-30,2011,the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions and the change in mode graph of wind-sand flow structure have been summarized, compared and analyzed, hence this study can be a typical sample in the arid and semi-arid regions, where sandstorms frequently occurred.
In Table1, data collected from a sandstorm on 29 to 30 April 2011 are listed and portions illustrated in figures 5.
Combining data of wind speed and wind direction, sediment discharge in eight directions at different heights have been analyzed.
The data listed above suggested that sediment discharge is greatest impacted by wind-sand flow when the sandbox collector port towards the main wind direction in sandstorms.
Online since: July 2022
Authors: Michael F. Zaeh, Matthias Hettig, Carsten Heinzel, Christian Schieber
The experimental data regarding the residual stress profiles due to the deep rolling process and the resulting workpiece distortion were used to validate the simulation, so that an adjustment or a calibration of the thermometallurgical and thermomechanical material data was possible.
With a further increase of N in the same machining area, that is, with a reduction of the lateral tool feed, the workpiece distortions increase to -0.115 mm for ten rolling tracks.
The single-track test showed a reduction of the initial distortion by 0.006 mm.
With a further increase of N in the same machining area, that is, with a reduction of the lateral tool feed, the workpiece distortions increase to -0.115 mm for ten rolling tracks.
The single-track test showed a reduction of the initial distortion by 0.006 mm.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Mahesh Chandra Somani, David A. Porter, Jaakko I. Hannula, Devesh K. Misra, Antti Kaijalainen
Where direct quenching is concerned, the data are scarce and often proprietary.
The data in the CCT diagrams was used to derive hardenabilities expressed as equivalent ideal critical diameters, DIB, following the approach given in ASTM standard A255–10 [4].
The ASTM data only considers AF ≤ 26, as marked by the dashed line in Fig. 1.
AF curves from the ASTM data at different C levels were extrapolated by fitting suitable power type equations (BF = aAFb, where a, b are functions of C), as shown in Fig. 1.
Similarly, Nb has been found to increase the hardenability, even though its effect was not fully estimated because of the limited data.
The data in the CCT diagrams was used to derive hardenabilities expressed as equivalent ideal critical diameters, DIB, following the approach given in ASTM standard A255–10 [4].
The ASTM data only considers AF ≤ 26, as marked by the dashed line in Fig. 1.
AF curves from the ASTM data at different C levels were extrapolated by fitting suitable power type equations (BF = aAFb, where a, b are functions of C), as shown in Fig. 1.
Similarly, Nb has been found to increase the hardenability, even though its effect was not fully estimated because of the limited data.
Online since: May 2013
Authors: Ramin Khamedi, Samaneh Soleimani Darinsoo, Hamed Zoghi Shal
These results represent verifiable and practical data that are in line with the results of previous researchers.
Kazan et al. [7] developed the prediction model of spring-back by neural network, based on data obtained from finite element analysis.
Table1. represents all data which was applied in simulations.
The FEA results interestingly demonstrated that the data obtained from these simulations are a good match to previous experiments and literature [2, 10].
As figure 6 illustrates the amount of spring-back reduction at 1500 N force was approximately equal for each of 2, 3 and 4 Fig.3, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 0.7mm Thickness Fig.4, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 1mm Thickness Fig.5, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 1.5mm Thickness mm radii.
Kazan et al. [7] developed the prediction model of spring-back by neural network, based on data obtained from finite element analysis.
Table1. represents all data which was applied in simulations.
The FEA results interestingly demonstrated that the data obtained from these simulations are a good match to previous experiments and literature [2, 10].
As figure 6 illustrates the amount of spring-back reduction at 1500 N force was approximately equal for each of 2, 3 and 4 Fig.3, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 0.7mm Thickness Fig.4, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 1mm Thickness Fig.5, Effect of Punch Tip Radius for 1.5mm Thickness mm radii.
The Flow Stress and Microstructure Evolution during Hot Compression of Casting AZ91D Magnesium Alloy
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Hong Bo Li, Me Lu, Cai Jie Li
The rolling reduction is 8mm at the strain rate of 0.0015s-1, 0.015s-1, 0.15s-1, respectively.
Using nonlinear regression method of Origin7.0, the model is obtained as the following: (6) Using data analysis module of Origin7.0 software, error analysis is performed for the flow stress model of casting AZ91D magnesium alloy. (1)The coefficient of determination is=0.956344.
The R2 (or R) is closed to 1, indicating that the regression equation and the experimental data fitting very closely. (2)The smaller of the regression sum of squares and residual sum of squares of the model, the smaller of the error between calculated values and measured values.
Using nonlinear regression method of Origin7.0, the model is obtained as the following: (6) Using data analysis module of Origin7.0 software, error analysis is performed for the flow stress model of casting AZ91D magnesium alloy. (1)The coefficient of determination is=0.956344.
The R2 (or R) is closed to 1, indicating that the regression equation and the experimental data fitting very closely. (2)The smaller of the regression sum of squares and residual sum of squares of the model, the smaller of the error between calculated values and measured values.
Online since: October 2011
Authors: Jie Shang, Yuan Yao
Supposed that there are indexes of quantitative evaluation, and it has obtain object indicators of,and forming primitive data matrix of .
Index data analysis.
Pollution reduction[J].2009,4 [4] Bob Eckhardt Digging deep with root cause analysis[J].
Index data analysis.
Pollution reduction[J].2009,4 [4] Bob Eckhardt Digging deep with root cause analysis[J].
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Xiao Jie Chen
As in the case of aspect ratio, the adverse aerodynamic effects associated with increasing taper are counteracted by a reduction in wing mass due to the movement of the centre of pressure to the inboard sections and therefore a trade-off study is necessary to confirm or otherwise the choice of taper ratio.
Traditionally, wing section data has been presented in a series of curves which show the principal aerodynamic characteristics (lift coefficient, CL, drag coefficient, CD, and aerodynamic moment coefficient, CM) as shown in Fig. 2.
[6] ESDU Data Sheet 70011 with amendments A to C, July 1987
Traditionally, wing section data has been presented in a series of curves which show the principal aerodynamic characteristics (lift coefficient, CL, drag coefficient, CD, and aerodynamic moment coefficient, CM) as shown in Fig. 2.
[6] ESDU Data Sheet 70011 with amendments A to C, July 1987
Online since: August 2012
Authors: Zhi Jiang Xie, Chang Gui Xie, Ping Chen
In order to compare with the vibration intensity under different rolling mill situation, different rolling speeds (set speed to 50%, 75%, 100%), different emulsion concentrations (low, medium and high concentration), different rolling specifications (select thickness finished product 0.4 to 2 mm) are selected as the test conditions.
2.2 Manifestations of strip chatter marks
Some data indicate that there are two kinds of waves on the strip surface chatter of the strip related with vibration, one called thick wave, and the other called shape wave.
Vibration of roll system directly effect on the the strip surface , and make the strip surface generate chatter marks.In actual production, roll system vibration not only makes strip generate chatter marks, but also makes roll system itself, particularly backup rollers, generate chatter marks.If not exchange roll timely . 4 Chatter mark suppression measures For detailed analysising and processing all test data in duty cycle of backup rollers,confirmed by filed maintenance results, it is could be determined that HC cold-rolled temper mill system generates self-excited vibration during skin pass process,so chatter mark is generated on strip steel.
Reduction of chatter marks during the temper rolling of steel strips.
Vibration of roll system directly effect on the the strip surface , and make the strip surface generate chatter marks.In actual production, roll system vibration not only makes strip generate chatter marks, but also makes roll system itself, particularly backup rollers, generate chatter marks.If not exchange roll timely . 4 Chatter mark suppression measures For detailed analysising and processing all test data in duty cycle of backup rollers,confirmed by filed maintenance results, it is could be determined that HC cold-rolled temper mill system generates self-excited vibration during skin pass process,so chatter mark is generated on strip steel.
Reduction of chatter marks during the temper rolling of steel strips.