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Online since: January 2013
Authors: Mustaffar Mushairry, Mohamad Zin Rosli, Zakaria Rozana, Ismail Mohd Affendi, Hamzah Norhaliza, Mazlan Ain Naadia, Ismail  Hasrul Haidar, Balarabbe Abubakar Sani, Kian Seng Foo, Marwar Nurfatimah, Abd. Majid Muhd Zaimi, Yazid Yazlin Salfiza
            
                These elements were grouped under six different categories namely: ecology, landscaping, waste reduction, materials, water conservation and energy efficiency.
The respondents are all professionals in the construction industry whose opinion is considered significant to the eventual outcome of the study objectives.
conservation use of highly water-permeable side slopes shapes wat0001 water-permeable pavement design wat0002 direct infiltration design wat0003 water storage infiltration design wat0004 energy efficiency low effect of road type on vehicle energy consumption ene0001 use of energy efficient facilities ene0002 use of renewable energy for energy supply ene0003 Evaluation of the green highways elements.
Same situation goes to the use of highly water-permeable side slopes shapes in water conservation group.
The identified green highway elements were then being evaluated by seeking the opinion of professionals in the construction industry through questionnaire survey.
            
    The respondents are all professionals in the construction industry whose opinion is considered significant to the eventual outcome of the study objectives.
conservation use of highly water-permeable side slopes shapes wat0001 water-permeable pavement design wat0002 direct infiltration design wat0003 water storage infiltration design wat0004 energy efficiency low effect of road type on vehicle energy consumption ene0001 use of energy efficient facilities ene0002 use of renewable energy for energy supply ene0003 Evaluation of the green highways elements.
Same situation goes to the use of highly water-permeable side slopes shapes in water conservation group.
The identified green highway elements were then being evaluated by seeking the opinion of professionals in the construction industry through questionnaire survey.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Zhong Xiang Yuan
            
                In the Criteria of evaluating green architecture (GB/T50378一2006) published on June 1st in 2006, green architecture is defined that it is a kind of architecture to save energies (save energy, field, water, and material) to its maximum extent during its life cycle.
This further improves the professional levels and service quality of the expert team, enriches their professional technical force.
There are more than 100 items, including the indoor and the outdoor environment, energy saving and utilization, water saving and water resources utilization, material resource use, indoor environmental quality, building electrical, operation management, for the total of seven kinds of technical indicators.
The idea of energy-efficient, section land, water conservation, section wood, protect environment has been taken as the core of green building.
On one hand, this can express the professional advantages of the professional mechanism, on the other hand, it can ensure the objectivity and scientific of the results from objective, scientific and reasonable angle. 4.4 Use economic levers and incentive mechanism It is an important policy tool to promote its sustainable development by building and implementing the incentive mechanism.
            
    This further improves the professional levels and service quality of the expert team, enriches their professional technical force.
There are more than 100 items, including the indoor and the outdoor environment, energy saving and utilization, water saving and water resources utilization, material resource use, indoor environmental quality, building electrical, operation management, for the total of seven kinds of technical indicators.
The idea of energy-efficient, section land, water conservation, section wood, protect environment has been taken as the core of green building.
On one hand, this can express the professional advantages of the professional mechanism, on the other hand, it can ensure the objectivity and scientific of the results from objective, scientific and reasonable angle. 4.4 Use economic levers and incentive mechanism It is an important policy tool to promote its sustainable development by building and implementing the incentive mechanism.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Lei Xu, Yue Wang, Ming Qi Chang, Li Liu
            
                It has the internal problems in water resources security system, such as precipitation, water use and water pollution; it has also the external problems in water resources security system, for instance, the use of public power, moral consciousness, institutional issues and so on.
For the problem of knowledge, it refers to finish all phases and all steps professional knowledge and technical skills required in water resources security pre-warning.
Water resources security pre-warning limitation The object of water resources security pre-warning study is caused by human activities, from the view of production; it can be divided into the gradient water resources security problem and the sudden water resources security problem.
For the gradient water resources security pre-warning, it normally adopts the integrated indicators to pre-warn; the sudden water resources security problem pre-warning has adopted professional model.
China Water Resources.
            
    For the problem of knowledge, it refers to finish all phases and all steps professional knowledge and technical skills required in water resources security pre-warning.
Water resources security pre-warning limitation The object of water resources security pre-warning study is caused by human activities, from the view of production; it can be divided into the gradient water resources security problem and the sudden water resources security problem.
For the gradient water resources security pre-warning, it normally adopts the integrated indicators to pre-warn; the sudden water resources security problem pre-warning has adopted professional model.
China Water Resources.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Li Ying Cao, Li Ma, He Long Yu, Gui Fen Chen, Ting Ting Yang
            
                The software SAS is the most powerful statistical software is familiar with statistics and good at programming professionals preferred.
SPSS is non-statistical professionals preferred, and the analysis results is clear, intuitive, easy to master.
Compared with Excel, SPSS shows its more professional.
SPSS, 1995 [3] Zhang Wenxing, Ge Jie.SPSS statistical analysis basic tutorial [M]., higher education press, 2004 [4] Hao Liren, Fan Yuan, etc..SPSS practical statistical analysis [M].Chinese water conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2003 [5] Li Chunxi, Wang Zhihe, Wang Wenlin, et al.
Beijing: Chinese water conservancy and Hydropower Press,2003:27-56
            
    SPSS is non-statistical professionals preferred, and the analysis results is clear, intuitive, easy to master.
Compared with Excel, SPSS shows its more professional.
SPSS, 1995 [3] Zhang Wenxing, Ge Jie.SPSS statistical analysis basic tutorial [M]., higher education press, 2004 [4] Hao Liren, Fan Yuan, etc..SPSS practical statistical analysis [M].Chinese water conservancy and Hydropower Press, 2003 [5] Li Chunxi, Wang Zhihe, Wang Wenlin, et al.
Beijing: Chinese water conservancy and Hydropower Press,2003:27-56
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Jian Hua Wang, Jun Zhou Huang
            
                To simplify the problem, only to the planning of the "four section" single index (the economical use of land, saving materials, energy conservation, and water conservation) as decision object, explore the fuzzy multicriteria decision method is feasible.
And in decision making, experts from the planning of professional perspective and evaluation, and the public from the practical and the subjective feeling of perspective evaluation, to solve this kind of complexity and the difference is the advantage of fuzzy theory[3].
In this case, only the main reputation highest impact factors of decision research, which illustrate the method in the planning of the quality of decision making in the role and significance. 1) To determine the factors among them intensive use of land; saving construction materials; energy saving; water saving. 2) Determine the evaluation language, which among them very goodgood in general; poor. 3) Single factor evaluation.
By a number of planning professionals with different identity public, on four indicators of " saving" the single factor () for positive or negative statement, resulting in 20% of judge is very good, 50% were judged better, 20% were judged ordinary, 10% were judged a little worse, can be fuzzy mapping (0.2,0.5,0.2,0.1).
The same method of single factor evaluationsaving construction materials water saving , namely one gets from U to V fuzzy mapping
            
    And in decision making, experts from the planning of professional perspective and evaluation, and the public from the practical and the subjective feeling of perspective evaluation, to solve this kind of complexity and the difference is the advantage of fuzzy theory[3].
In this case, only the main reputation highest impact factors of decision research, which illustrate the method in the planning of the quality of decision making in the role and significance. 1) To determine the factors among them intensive use of land; saving construction materials; energy saving; water saving. 2) Determine the evaluation language, which among them very goodgood in general; poor. 3) Single factor evaluation.
By a number of planning professionals with different identity public, on four indicators of " saving" the single factor () for positive or negative statement, resulting in 20% of judge is very good, 50% were judged better, 20% were judged ordinary, 10% were judged a little worse, can be fuzzy mapping (0.2,0.5,0.2,0.1).
The same method of single factor evaluationsaving construction materials water saving , namely one gets from U to V fuzzy mapping
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Wei Jun Yang, Shuai Yuan, Gui Jin Zhang, Ting Ting Zhang
            
                Scientific research achievements, new ideas, new methods and engineering practice experience, which are obtained by college teachers, are applied to classroom teaching maximally and creatively so that students benefit from teachers in internationalization, engineering quality, experience to the actual professional development and mainstream, and recognize that the basic requirements of the professional talent, as well as achieving the purpose of cultivating excellent professional talents.
This specialized elective course focuses on all kinds of water conservancy projects, including hydraulic structures, the Bank Slope, the basis of hydraulic structures, safety monitoring, risk assessment and reinforcement problems of sites of structure and medium binding.
In the first lesson for background, through the introduction of relevant scientific research achievements, the paper in the view of the technology development and the limitations of human knowledge analyzes the uncertainty in water conservancy project and its harm, to arouse students' interests.
Table 1 The syllabus of ‘dam safety monitoring and reinforcement’ with joining academic elements Serial number ( hours) Chapter name The core knowledge Scientific research, international, engineering elements 1(4) The causes and hazards of the uncertainty in hydraulic engineering ①Water project uncertainty causes; ②Water conservancy project risk. ①Statement of International Conference: the typical geotechnical problems and their risk for water projects; ②A design and research institute projects: the assessment method of dam failure risk; ③Outcomes of a school-enterprise cooperation project: achievements exhibition of integrated system of dam safety monitoring 2(4) Dam crashed Case at home and abroad ①Instances of hydropower engineering safety crash; ② The cause and harm of water conservancy failure ① Dam crash cases such as the Teton of the United States, Vermont of Italy, Maltase of France and so on; ②Horstooth and Carthlake Dams, Anchor Dam of U.S, etc, leaked for aging cement grouting
Index setting should be operational, and evaluation requirement of the core knowledge needs professional peers to participate.
            
    This specialized elective course focuses on all kinds of water conservancy projects, including hydraulic structures, the Bank Slope, the basis of hydraulic structures, safety monitoring, risk assessment and reinforcement problems of sites of structure and medium binding.
In the first lesson for background, through the introduction of relevant scientific research achievements, the paper in the view of the technology development and the limitations of human knowledge analyzes the uncertainty in water conservancy project and its harm, to arouse students' interests.
Table 1 The syllabus of ‘dam safety monitoring and reinforcement’ with joining academic elements Serial number ( hours) Chapter name The core knowledge Scientific research, international, engineering elements 1(4) The causes and hazards of the uncertainty in hydraulic engineering ①Water project uncertainty causes; ②Water conservancy project risk. ①Statement of International Conference: the typical geotechnical problems and their risk for water projects; ②A design and research institute projects: the assessment method of dam failure risk; ③Outcomes of a school-enterprise cooperation project: achievements exhibition of integrated system of dam safety monitoring 2(4) Dam crashed Case at home and abroad ①Instances of hydropower engineering safety crash; ② The cause and harm of water conservancy failure ① Dam crash cases such as the Teton of the United States, Vermont of Italy, Maltase of France and so on; ②Horstooth and Carthlake Dams, Anchor Dam of U.S, etc, leaked for aging cement grouting
Index setting should be operational, and evaluation requirement of the core knowledge needs professional peers to participate.
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Ming Qi Chang, Yan Li Fan
            
                Warning sources include water resources security system interior problems, such as the problems of precipitation, water usage and water pollution.
When concerning about the problems on knowledge, it refers to the professional knowledge and technology required by all the stages and procedures on water resources warning.
Professional model is generally used for sudden change water resources security early warning.
[15] ZHENG Tonghan: Discussions on Water Resources Safety and Water Resources Safety Warning.
China Water Resources, A (6) (2003)19-23
            
    When concerning about the problems on knowledge, it refers to the professional knowledge and technology required by all the stages and procedures on water resources warning.
Professional model is generally used for sudden change water resources security early warning.
[15] ZHENG Tonghan: Discussions on Water Resources Safety and Water Resources Safety Warning.
China Water Resources, A (6) (2003)19-23
Online since: March 2011
Authors: Yong Xia Tao, Jian Ling Tan
            
                The aim of higher vocational education is to train millions of students for the high skill professional personnel.
According to the area of technology and the professional post (group) request, refers to the related professional qualifications standard and the reform curriculum system and the course content.
Establishes the curriculum standard and aims to improve the prominent professional ability.
The course plays an important role in cultivating professional competence, practical capacity of hydropower station positions student’s.
Construction ability of hydropower construction in Water Resources and Hydropower Construction is the necessary competence in vocational education.
            
    According to the area of technology and the professional post (group) request, refers to the related professional qualifications standard and the reform curriculum system and the course content.
Establishes the curriculum standard and aims to improve the prominent professional ability.
The course plays an important role in cultivating professional competence, practical capacity of hydropower station positions student’s.
Construction ability of hydropower construction in Water Resources and Hydropower Construction is the necessary competence in vocational education.
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Liuan Kong, Xiao Mei Wang
            
                Considering features for environment effect by mining area, defined Collapsing Land Reclamation Rate U10, Atmosphere Quality U11, Water Quality U12, Waste Rock Utilization Ratio U13 as index system.
Defined Thousand Processing Professional Member of PersonnelU18, Exploiting Clean Coal Technology Popularize RateU19, New Product Development Funding RateU20 as index system.
Water Quality reflects treatment rate of wastewaters and drinking water achievement ratio of mine water and coal cleaning water and etc.
U10= Collapsing Land Reclamation Area/Total areas of Collapsing Land (10) U11=the Amount of TSP +the Amount of Gas (11) Treatment Rate of Wastewaters = (Mine Water + Coal Cleaning Water+ Domestic Sewage) ×reaching standards after treatment / (Mine Water + Coal Cleaning Water+ Domestic Sewage) ×Total Release (12) U13= the Amount of Waste Rock Utilization/the Total Amounts of Waste Rock Accumulation (13) Mining Area Percentage Recovery and Exploitation Level of Mechanization show the economic effect of coal resource when Coal was exploited.
It expresses Thousand Processing Professional Member of Personnel, developing and promotion degree in Clean Coal Technology and New Product Development Funding.
            
    Defined Thousand Processing Professional Member of PersonnelU18, Exploiting Clean Coal Technology Popularize RateU19, New Product Development Funding RateU20 as index system.
Water Quality reflects treatment rate of wastewaters and drinking water achievement ratio of mine water and coal cleaning water and etc.
U10= Collapsing Land Reclamation Area/Total areas of Collapsing Land (10) U11=the Amount of TSP +the Amount of Gas (11) Treatment Rate of Wastewaters = (Mine Water + Coal Cleaning Water+ Domestic Sewage) ×reaching standards after treatment / (Mine Water + Coal Cleaning Water+ Domestic Sewage) ×Total Release (12) U13= the Amount of Waste Rock Utilization/the Total Amounts of Waste Rock Accumulation (13) Mining Area Percentage Recovery and Exploitation Level of Mechanization show the economic effect of coal resource when Coal was exploited.
It expresses Thousand Processing Professional Member of Personnel, developing and promotion degree in Clean Coal Technology and New Product Development Funding.
Online since: September 2014
Authors: Guang Rong Hong, Bi Feng Chen
            
                Urban and rural infrastructures should be integrated, shared and in full coverage, of which they are important, such as transportation, communication, electricity, waste disposal, water supply and drainage.
Basing on integration, they may be planned and constructed regional water supply facilities, sewage treatment facilities and waste treatment facilities.
New professional towns of characteristics must be planned and constructed, supporting the development of agricultural products processing enterprises, parts processing enterprises, ancillary enterprises of urban industries and agricultural fairs.
To promote sustainable industrial development, it should be done to develop recycling economy, supporting waste utilization, water conservation and energy saving.
To build the livable city and ecological patterns of “clear water, blue sky, green mountains, beauty cities, happy people”, the indicators of green rate and per capita public green area should be higher than other cities in Wuhan metropolitan areas, the indicators of GDP energy consumption and emissions of sulfur dioxide on the contrary, and some natural ecological advantages are being made full use of such as the water network, lakes, hills and mountains, plains.
            
    Basing on integration, they may be planned and constructed regional water supply facilities, sewage treatment facilities and waste treatment facilities.
New professional towns of characteristics must be planned and constructed, supporting the development of agricultural products processing enterprises, parts processing enterprises, ancillary enterprises of urban industries and agricultural fairs.
To promote sustainable industrial development, it should be done to develop recycling economy, supporting waste utilization, water conservation and energy saving.
To build the livable city and ecological patterns of “clear water, blue sky, green mountains, beauty cities, happy people”, the indicators of green rate and per capita public green area should be higher than other cities in Wuhan metropolitan areas, the indicators of GDP energy consumption and emissions of sulfur dioxide on the contrary, and some natural ecological advantages are being made full use of such as the water network, lakes, hills and mountains, plains.