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., Stellite 6 &21, 316 SS, 420 SS, M4, Rex 20, Rex 121, 10V, AeroMet 100, CCW+, IN 625 and IN 718) have been deposited on to carbon steel (4140, 4340, 1566, 1018) substrates to provide various functions for a number of industrial applications.
The advantages of LPD over other manufacturing techniques for tool modification include: the minimal heat affected zone; high solidification rate resulting in fine grain size; minimal segregation; minimal second phase coarsening; high density coating; and minimal mixing of the cladding with the base material (dilution).

Other nuclei of small P. radiata pearls in this parcel were of mineralization rich in organic material – spherulites of somewhat tenuously space-filling, ‘dendritic’ grains Images upon request
For an update on CV Raman’s discussion of different crystallographic patterns of nacre, see Fryda [27], for the crystallographic coherence of nacre and its grain structure see Maier [28] and Griesshaber [29].
Crystallographic coherence flowing across grain segregation patterns – the detail that once caught C.
Bayerlain et al., Self-similar mesostructure evolution of the growing mollusc shell reminiscent of thermodynamically driven grain growth, Nature Mater. 13.12 (2014) 1102-1107
Kubota et al., Notes on high numbers of pearls and blister pearls from Perna viridis, and [a] preliminary survey of bivalve-inhabiting hydroids in the eastern coasts of the Gulf of Thailand, Biol.

biting on a grain of sand/hard object)?
The wet specimen had a marked reduction in the number of cycles taken to reach failure relative to the dry specimen.
The number of cycles to crack initiation was significantly lesser than in the dry specimen, especially in the 8kg loading.
With increased load, the number of cycles to initiation of radial cracks decreased, as is predictable.
The number of cycles to crack initiation was significantly less than in the dry specimen, especially in the 8kg (78N) loading.

These substances provide the appearance of additional crystallization centers in the molten metal, which solve the problem of obtaining dense, fine-grained and homogeneous structure of the alloy in the solid state.
Thermokinetic factors affect the critical size and the speed of nuclei formation, their number and form.
The table taken from [8] shows slag number and composition in old piles of copper-smelting plants.
The phase of nonmetallic inclusions consisting of oxides, carbonitrides, sulfides, and phosphide eutectic, the total number of which can reach up to 0.2 % by mass of iron [13]. 2.
This explains a number of cases, when sulphur and oxygen suddenly show graphitizing action in iron.

The porous nature of the material brings a number of advantages.
For a media with relatively low permeability such as fine-grained soils, it is easier to conduct the falling head test.
Reynolds Number for different heads Sample No.
Fig. 5 Calculated Reynolds Number for the constant head tests Fig. 5 shows that the Reynolds Number (Re) gradually increases the head increases.
Fig.5 shows that smaller heads generates smaller Reynolds Numbers, which indicates more smooth and steady flow conditions in the porous media.

PVA (10 wt%) made in USA, Catalog Number 114266, Packing: 100 Gr and 1400 mwh~.
FTIR analysis using Thermo Nicolet iCS10-Japan with wave numbers from 600 to 4000 cm-1 to identify the presence of -OH, PO43- and CO32-.
Results of XRD analysis on scaffolds PVA/Chitosan and PVA/Chitosan/CHA FTIR analysis Figure 3 shows that the PVA/Chitosan scaffold identified by stretching -OH is hydroxide at wave number 3293.89 cm-1; stretching of CH2 at wave number 2929.96 cm-1; C – O stretch at wave number 1660.41 cm-1 and PO43- group at wave number 1074.87 cm-1, while the PVA/Chitosan/CHA scaffold identified -OH stretch at wave number 3299.90 cm-1; stretching of CH2 at wave number 2915.29 cm-1 and the group PO43- at wave number 1019.33 cm-1.
FTIR analysis of PVA/Chitosan and PVA/Chitosan /CHA SEM-EDX and Porosity Analysis The SEM results in Fig.4 show the morphology of PVA/Chitosan with a flat and solid surface, while PVA/Chitosan/CHA shows a rough surface, accumulated grains and inhomogeneous pores [21].

TiO2 powder was characterized by using XRD, UV-vis, IR to determine the crystal structure, grain size and spectral properties.
Table 3 Photodegradation rate varies with the samarium doping ratio Samarium doping ratio (%) 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 1.0 Photodegradation rate (%) 39.00 42.80 40.20 39.60 37.90 Table 4 Photodegradation rate varies with the amount of catalyst Amount of catalyst (mg) 20 30 40 50 60 80 Photodegradation rate (%) 39.80 40.50 41.10 42.80 42.83 42.93 Table 5 The factors and levels of orthogonal test in synthesizing samarium doped ultra-fine TiO2 Level Degradation time (min) Calcination temperature (ºC) Samarium doping ratio (%) Amount of catalyst (mg) A B C D 1 30 400 0.2 20 2 60 500 0.4 50 3 90 600 0.8 80 Table 6 Results and analysis in orthogonal test L9(34) Number Calcination temperature (ºC) Degradation time (min) Lanthanum doping ratio (%) Amount of catalyst (mg) Photodegradation rate (%) A B C D 1 1 1 1 1 10.20 2 1 2 2 2 19.00 3 1 3 3 3 13.60 4 2 1 2 3 33.00 5 2 2 3 1 29.80 6 2 3 1 2 36.40 7 3 1 3 2 35.60 8 3 2 1 1 39.00 9 3 3 2 3 36.90 K1 0.428 0.788 0.856 0.769 K2 0.992 0.878 0.876

The results indicate that the SWNTs addition can decrease the grain size of ZnO/TiO2, which can enhance the photocatalytic activity.
Firstly, when the SWNTs-ZT was excited by photons with energy higher than the gap energy (Eg), a great number of electrons are promoted from valence band (VB) to the conduction band (CB) of ZnO and TiO2.

XRD and SEM experiments demonstrated that MWCNTs didn’t change the olivine structure of LiFePO4 and that MWCNTs decentralized into the grains of LiFePO4 and working as electric bridge improving the electrochemical properties of LiFePO4.
Fig. 4 Initital charge-discharge curves at 0. 1C rate of LiFePO4/ MWCNTs electrode with different diameter of MWCNTs Relationship Fig. 5 Between capacity and cycle number for the LiFePO4/MWCNTs electrode with different diameter of MWCNTs The result mentioned above is reconfirmed by the cycle capacity curves shown in Fig. 5.

This measure calculates the number of pores in the radius of r of a circle which have opposite partners to the total number of pores in this circle.
This method can also define the number of domains in an image automatically.
After this step, the number of domains is decreased.
If we want a specific lower number of domains, we could also exert a threshold on the algorithm and only choose the k largest domain.
Steinhart, Quantitative Analysis of the Grain Morphology in Self-Assembled Hexagonal Lattices, J.