Characterization of PVA/Chitosan and Tuna Fish Bones CHA Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

Abstract:

Bone tissue engineering has been used in the biomedical field to treat bone defects by implanting scaffolds into bone tissue. However, the currently developed scaffold still needs to be developed to obtain scaffold building materials with good compatible properties and can regenerate damaged bone cells. This study combines PVA/Chitosan polymer with CHA of tuna bone using the porogen leaching method at a calcination temperature of 100°C for 12 hours. The purpose of this study was to determine the physicochemical properties by characterizing XRD, SEM-EDX, FTIR, and the porosity of the scaffold. The results obtained from the results of the PVA/Chitosan/CHA XRD patterns are the formation of the PVA/Chitosan phase at 2θ(°)=19.68, the IR spectrum of the 𝑃𝑂₄³⁻group band and 𝐶𝐻₂ stretching, the ratio mol Ca/P is 1.98, the pore diameter is 1.561 ± 0.07 μm and the porosity is 55.04%. These results indicate that the PVA/Chitosan/CHA scaffold is an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) that has the potential for bone tissue engineering.

• Periodical: Advanced Materials Research (Volume 1179)
• Pages: 3-10
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/p-bLFV8P
• Online since: January 2024
• Authors: Sulistiyani Hayu Pratiwi*, Mona Sari, Yusril Yusuf
• Keywords: ACP, Calcination, Polymer, PVA, Scaffold

References

[1] William E. Garrett Jr., Md, Marc F. Swiontkowski, Md, James N. Weinstein, Do, Ms, John Callaghan, Md, Randy N. Rosier, Md, Phd, Daniel J. Berry, Md, John Harrast, Phd, G. Paul Derosa, Md, And The Research Committee Of The American Board Of Orthopaedic Surgery, "forum American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery Practice of the," p.660–668, 2006.

DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011524

[2] Aksakal, B., Ö. S. Yildirim, and H. Gul, "Metallurgical failure analysis of various implant materials used in orthopedic applications," J. Fail. Anal. Prev., vol. 4, no. 3, p.17–23, 2004.

DOI: 10.1361/15477020419794

[3] Yusuf, Yusril., Dyah Uswatun Khasanah, Firda Yanuar Syafaat, Ishak Pawarangan, Mona Sari, Vicky Julius Mawuntu dan Yazida Rizkayanti, " Biogenic Based Hydroxyapatite ", Gadjah Mada University Press, 2019, IKAPI 2875.116.08.19

[4] Januariyasa, I. Komang., and Y. Yusuf, "Synthesis of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Derived from Snail Shells (Pilla ampulacea): Effect of Carbonate Precursor to the Crystallographic Properties," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 546, no. 4, 2019.

DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/546/4/042015

[5] Meiyasa, F., and N. Tarigan, " Utilization of Tuna Fish Bone Waste (Thunnus sp.) As a Source of Calcium in Making Seaweed Sticks," J. Teknol. Pertan. Andalas, vol.24, no. 1, p.67–76, 2020.

[6] Mutmainnah, M., S. Chadijah, and W. O. Rustiah, " Hydroxyapatite from Yellowfin Tuna (Tunnus albacores) Bones with Precipitation Method," Al-Kimia, vol. 5, no. 2, p.119–126, 2017.

DOI: 10.24252/al-kimia.v5i2.3422

[7] S. Chernousova, M. Epple, and M. Epple, "Bioactive bone substitution materials," Adv. Biomater. Devices Med., vol. 1, p.74–87, 2014.

[8] Yin, H. M.., et al., "Engineering porous poly(lactic acid) scaffolds with high mechanical performance via a solid state extrusion/porogen leaching approach," Polymers (Basel)., vol. 8, no. 6, 2016.

DOI: 10.3390/polym8060213

[9] Butylina, S., S. Geng, and K. Oksman, "Properties of as-prepared and freeze-dried hydrogels made from poly(vinyl alcohol) and cellulose nanocrystals using freeze-thaw technique," Eur. Polym. J., vol. 81, p.386–396, 2016.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.028

[10] Habibovic, P., et al., "Comparison of two carbonated apatite ceramics in vivo," Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 6, p.2219–2226, 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2009.11.028

[11] Januariyasa, I. K., I. D. Ana, and Y. Yusuf, "Nanofibrous poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan contained carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles scaffold for bone tissue engineering," Mater. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 107, no. March 2019, p.110347, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110347

[12] Mourya, V. K., and N. N. Inamdar, "Chitosan-modifications and applications: Opportunities galore," React. Funct. Polym., vol. 68, no. 6, p.1013–1051, 2008.

DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.03.002

[13] Merry, J. C., I. R. Gibson, S. M. Best, and W. Bonfield, "Synthesis and characterization of carbonate hydroxyapatite," J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., vol. 9, no. 12, p.779–783, 1998.

DOI: 10.1023/A:1008975507498

[14] Luque, P. L., M. B. Sanchez-Ilárduya, A. Sarmiento, H. Murua, and H. Arrizabalaga, "Characterization of carbonate fraction of the Atlantic bluefin tuna fin spine bone matrix for stable isotope analysis," PeerJ, vol. 2019, no. 7, p.1–15, 2019.

DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7176

[15] Esposti, L. Degli., et al., "Thermal crystallization of amorphous calcium phosphate combined with citrate and fluoride doping: a novel route to produce hydroxyapatite bioceramics," J. Mater. Chem. B, vol. 9, no. 24, p.4832–4845, 2021.

DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00601k

[16] Basu, B., and S. Ghosh, "Case Study: Hydroxyapatite Based Microporous/Macroporous Scaffolds," p.45–72, 2017.

DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3017-8_3

[17] Yang, W.H., X. F. Xi, J. F. Li, and K. Y. Cai, "Comparison of crystal structure between carbonated hydroxyapatite and natural bone apatite with theoretical calculation," Asian J. Chem., vol. 25, no. 7, p.3673–3678, 2013.

DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2013.13709

[18] Chen, F., et al., "Hydroxyapatite nanorods/poly(vinyl pyrolidone) composite nanofibers, arrays and three-dimensional fabrics: Electrospun preparation and transformation to hydroxyapatite nanostructures," Acta Biomater., vol. 6, no. 8, p.3013–3020, 2010.

DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.015

[19] Dorozhkin, S. V., "Calcium orthophosphates in nature, biology and medicine," Materials (Basel)., vol. 2, no. 2, p.399–498, 2009.

DOI: 10.3390/ma2020399

[20] El-aziz, A. M. Abd., A. El-Maghraby, and N. A. Taha, "Comparison between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofiber/hydroxyapatite (HA) for removal of Zn2+ ions from wastewater," Arab. J. Chem., vol. 10, no. 8, p.1052–1060, 2017.

DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.09.025

[21] Permatasari, H.A., R. Wati, R. M. Anggraini, A. Almukarramah, and Y. Yusuf, "Hydroxyapatite extracted from fish bone wastes by heat treatment," Key Eng. Mater., vol. 840 KEM, p.318–323, 2020.

DOI: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.840.318

[22] Mawuntu, V. J. and Y. Yusuf, "Porous structure engineering of bioceramic hydroxyapatite-based scaffolds using PVA, PVP, and PEO as polymeric porogens," J. Asian Ceram. Soc., vol. 7, no. 2, p.161–169, 2019.

DOI: 10.1080/21870764.2019.1595927

[23] Ma, P., W. Wu, Y. Wei, L. Ren, S. Lin, and J. Wu, "Biomimetic gelatin/chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/nano-hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering," Mater. Des., vol. 207, p.109865, 2021.

DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.109865

[24] Sari, M., Aminatun, T. Suciati, Y. W. Sari, and Y. Yusuf, "Porous carbonated hydroxyapatite‐based paraffin wax nanocomposite scaffold for bone tissue engineering: A physicochemical properties and cell viability assay analysis," Coatings, vol. 11, no. 10, 2021.

DOI: 10.3390/coatings11101189

[25] Charlena, I. H. Suparto, and D. K. Putri, "Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite from Rice Fields Snail Shell (Bellamya javanica) through Wet Method and Pore Modification Using Chitosan," Procedia Chem., vol. 17, p.27–35, 2015.

DOI: 10.1016/j.proche.2015.12.120

[26] Beh, C. Y. et al., "Morphological and optical properties of porous hydroxyapatite/cornstarch (HAp/Cs) composites," J. Mater. Res. Technol., vol. 9, no. 6, p.14267–14282, 2020.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.10.012