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The process of 3DP was patented in 1994 by Sachs et al. under U.S. patent number 005340656 [2].
TYPE OF SAND COMPOSITION AFS / GRAIN FINENESS 1 DRY SAND Natural sand - 75% Clay -13% Bentonite - 04% Coal dust - 08% 56 2 GREEN SAND Natural sand - 75% Clay -12% Bentonite - 03% Coal dust - 04% Water - 06% 56 3 MOLASSES SAND Natural sand - 80% Clay - 14% Molasses - 06% 64 The change in temperature of the castings during solidification process has been measured with respect to the time after pouring the molten metal in the shells, with infrared pyrometer (Ref.
For a generic nominal dimension DJN, the number of the tolerance unit’s n is evaluated as follows: n= 1000(DJN - DJM)/ i, where DJM is measured dimension.

The reaction temperature is higher, the greater of the polymerization rate increasing ,the number of polyaniline particles was increasing and the average particle size decreases. which will due to the high reaction temperature, the high rate of radical generation , so that the free radical concentration increased in water , resulting from the diffusion rate of radical from water to layers increased, so the nucleation rate increased, it can generated more latex particles, so the increase in the number of particles of polyaniline, particle size decreases.
(2) Analysis of grain of copper ions-polyaniline load montmorillonite.

In this optical device, the aluminium micro mirrors of 14 μm in edge length were assembled with 1024 × 768 in numbers.
Dense alumina microstructure was formed, and the average grain size was approximately 2 µm.
These numbers of the structural periods were optimized to obtain the clear localized modes with the sharp resonation peaks in the band gaps.

Stainless steel possesses high electrochemical corrosion resistance in a large number of media due to two main reasons.
Furthermore, variable electromagnetic focusing system provides a large number of possibilities for processing or creating 3D surfaces [13].
For corrosion analysis the specimens were cut and grinded using SiC sandpaper with gradual reduction of grain size to 1000 grit.

(9) The initial solution of the N-vehicles system is given as follows: , (10) where is the initial position of the nth vehicle at time t. h is the average headway of the system and h=L/N. n is the number of the investigated vehicle in the N-vehicles system. is the optimal velocity function.
(16) Now we wish to derive the equation describing the collective motion on coarse-grained scales [21].
For the uphill situation we choose the following initial conditions: θ=0°,3°,6° ,hc=4, 3.79, 3.58m, h=4m, ∆xn0=hn≠N2,n≠N2+1,∆xn0=h-0.5 n=N2,∆xn0=h+0.5 n=N2+1,N=200 , where hc=xθ is the safety distance which is related to the slope, h is the average headway, ∆xn0 is the headway of the nth vehicle at time 0 and N is the total number of vehicles in the system.

According to the ODF defined by Bunge, texture can be expressed by the following equation [14]: (1) Where represents the ODF coefficients, also referred as C-coefficients, are the generalized spherical harmonic functions, l is the order of the series, and m and n denote finite numbers of independent C-coefficients at each order.
Theoretically, lmax extends up to infinity, but in practice the lmax usually takes a limited number.
For the random distribution of the material of the grain orientation in space, Polycrystalline diffraction directions in space, forming a series of diffraction cones, each diffraction cone corresponds to all participants in the diffraction of a family of crystal planes.

Quenching Media 1st Region (Fast Cooling Area) 6th Region (Slow Cooling Area) Water (WQ) 7,54°C/s a 2,75°C/s b Spray (SQ) 6,02°C/s c 3,15°C/s d Air (AQ) 2,13°C/s e 1,44°C/s f Fig. 7 Microstructures of the samples after aging (a) WQ-fast cooling area, (b) WQ-slow cooling area, (c) SQ-fast cooling area, (d) SQ-slow cooling area, (e) AQ-fast cooling area, (f) AQ-slow cooling area Fine Mg2Si 7,54°C/s a 1,44°C/s b Coarse Mg2Si Fig. 8 SEM images of the samples after aging (a) WQ-fast cooling area (7,54°C/s), (b) AQ-slow cooling area (1,44°C/s) Depending on optical microscopy and SEM examinations, it can be observed that as the cooling rate decreases, the number of coarse precipitates increase (Fig. 7 and Fig. 8).
Slow cooling results in a higher number of grain boundary precipitates and a wider precipitate free zone (PFZ) [9].

Introduction Extended defects, such as in-grown and recombination induced stacking faults (SFs), threading screw and edge dislocations, half-loop arrays, and low-angle grain boundaries, among others, continue to limit the commercial viability of SiC devices.
large number of defects within the field of view, minimal or no spectral information is obtained [3, 4].
emission band at 30 meV deeper (~430 nm) was also observed in regions with a large number of overlapping SFs.

This substantially reduces the number of free charges on the surface and lowers the photocatalytic activity.
The morphology and grain size of the samples were examined using transmission electron microscopy (Philips CM200).
Whang gratefully acknowledges the financial support of the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (Grant number: R04-2003-000-10155-0).

In this context of increasing of the number of facilities, manufacturer, innovative technologies, etc., the characterization of photovoltaic modules using methods to ensure their durability, and the analysis of defects that may appear long term is of great interest. 2.
(1) (2) (3) Where: ISC is the experimental short-circuit current; nS is the number of cells in series of the module; m is the ideality factor of the diode (between 1 and 1.2); K is the Boltzmann constant, e the electron charge and T the temperature in Kelvin.
In Fig. 4, the grains in the of Brazil module appear less elongated than those that can be seen on a SiO2 films that has not experienced the process of encapsulation or over time.