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Online since: September 2016
Authors: Ksenia Machekhina, Vladimir An, Yuriy Irtegov, Nikolay Lemachko
It should be recalled that tabular data of copper-iron friction coefficient is in the range 0.30-0.40.
Zhuang, Molybdenum disulfide coating deposited by hybrid treatment and its friction-reduction performance, Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007) 6719-6722
Zhuang, Molybdenum disulfide coating deposited by hybrid treatment and its friction-reduction performance, Surface & Coatings Technology 201 (2007) 6719-6722
Online since: December 2011
Authors: Michael Ferry, Kevin J. Laws, M. Zakaria Quadir, Wan Qiang Xu, Nasima Afrin Zinnia, Lori Bassman, Cassandra George, Cullen Mcmahon
In principle, data generation is reasonably straightforward whereby the FIB is used as a high precision serial sectioning device for generating consecutive milled surfaces suitable for mapping by EBSD.
However, there are several challenges facing the technique including the need for accurate reconstruction of the EBSD slice data and the development of methods for representing the myriad microstructural features of interest including, for example, orientation gradients arising from plastic deformation through to the structure of grains and their interfaces in both single-phase and multi-phase materials.
(c) Figure 3: (a) Front and (b) rear surface of a reconstructed microband in an as-deformed Ni single crystal (minimal data smoothing), and (c) stereographic projection showing both the traces and normals of the range of orientations of the surfaces of two microbands, including the one given in (a).
Similarly, the structure of MBs in FCC alloys is under investigation using Goss-oriented Ni single crystals deformed in PSC to strains of 10 to 70% reduction, and coarse-grained commercial purity aluminium deformed in uniaxial tension or rolling to strains up to 50%.
The microbands were reconstructed from the consecutive EBSD sections whereby boundary recognition, data alignment and post-processing was carried out using our in-house software [34].
However, there are several challenges facing the technique including the need for accurate reconstruction of the EBSD slice data and the development of methods for representing the myriad microstructural features of interest including, for example, orientation gradients arising from plastic deformation through to the structure of grains and their interfaces in both single-phase and multi-phase materials.
(c) Figure 3: (a) Front and (b) rear surface of a reconstructed microband in an as-deformed Ni single crystal (minimal data smoothing), and (c) stereographic projection showing both the traces and normals of the range of orientations of the surfaces of two microbands, including the one given in (a).
Similarly, the structure of MBs in FCC alloys is under investigation using Goss-oriented Ni single crystals deformed in PSC to strains of 10 to 70% reduction, and coarse-grained commercial purity aluminium deformed in uniaxial tension or rolling to strains up to 50%.
The microbands were reconstructed from the consecutive EBSD sections whereby boundary recognition, data alignment and post-processing was carried out using our in-house software [34].
Online since: December 2007
Authors: Shih Chieh Lin, Ho Chang
The experimental
results show that the average Zeta potential of TiO2 nanofluids are -54.2 mv, and the difference
between the data and the average value of each set is less than 7%.
Furthermore, the average particle size is 45.3nm, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 6%.
This indicates that because of the reduction of piping length and the larger containment of coolant inside the vacuum chamber, the temperature control of the improved system can more closely approach the set temperature, and the range of temperature change is clearly smaller than the original system.
Figure 3(A) shows the average Zeta potential is -54.2mv, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 7%.
Figure 3(B) shows that the average value of the average particle size is 45.3nm, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 6%.
Furthermore, the average particle size is 45.3nm, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 6%.
This indicates that because of the reduction of piping length and the larger containment of coolant inside the vacuum chamber, the temperature control of the improved system can more closely approach the set temperature, and the range of temperature change is clearly smaller than the original system.
Figure 3(A) shows the average Zeta potential is -54.2mv, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 7%.
Figure 3(B) shows that the average value of the average particle size is 45.3nm, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 6%.
Online since: November 2012
Authors: Firza Utama Sjarifudin
This system uses pre-programmed analysis data of daily solar radiation changes to parametrically drive the number of rotation phase and length of nose (Lobe Lift) that generates the shape of camshaft.
Location setting was in Jakarta, Indonesia (6.16 S, 106.48W), and the weather data was taken from 2008.
These settings were done in the microcontroller that collected input data from Grasshopper (Fig. 4) with Firefly plug-in [10] that connects the data from Grasshopper to microcontroller to drive the servo motor.
It works by its sensor that captures the existing environmental conditions as the data to be processed further in the microcontroller to drive the motor through the driver as shown in Fig. 12.
On the other hand, Centralized Motorized System (parametric camshaft) uses the analysis data of environmental simulation instead of sensors.
Location setting was in Jakarta, Indonesia (6.16 S, 106.48W), and the weather data was taken from 2008.
These settings were done in the microcontroller that collected input data from Grasshopper (Fig. 4) with Firefly plug-in [10] that connects the data from Grasshopper to microcontroller to drive the servo motor.
It works by its sensor that captures the existing environmental conditions as the data to be processed further in the microcontroller to drive the motor through the driver as shown in Fig. 12.
On the other hand, Centralized Motorized System (parametric camshaft) uses the analysis data of environmental simulation instead of sensors.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Rui Ping Zhou, Jing Wang, Chun Xing Hai, Dan Dan Zhou, Run Mei Hao, Yi Fang
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector, a comparative analysis on the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions during the sandstorm on April 29-30, 2011, and study the pattern of wind-sand flow structure have been done.
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector during the sandstorm on April 29-30,2011,the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions and the change in mode graph of wind-sand flow structure have been summarized, compared and analyzed, hence this study can be a typical sample in the arid and semi-arid regions, where sandstorms frequently occurred.
In Table1, data collected from a sandstorm on 29 to 30 April 2011 are listed and portions illustrated in figures 5.
Combining data of wind speed and wind direction, sediment discharge in eight directions at different heights have been analyzed.
The data listed above suggested that sediment discharge is greatest impacted by wind-sand flow when the sandbox collector port towards the main wind direction in sandstorms.
According to data measured by anemometer and sand collector during the sandstorm on April 29-30,2011,the relative sediment concentrations for different height in eight directions and the change in mode graph of wind-sand flow structure have been summarized, compared and analyzed, hence this study can be a typical sample in the arid and semi-arid regions, where sandstorms frequently occurred.
In Table1, data collected from a sandstorm on 29 to 30 April 2011 are listed and portions illustrated in figures 5.
Combining data of wind speed and wind direction, sediment discharge in eight directions at different heights have been analyzed.
The data listed above suggested that sediment discharge is greatest impacted by wind-sand flow when the sandbox collector port towards the main wind direction in sandstorms.
Online since: January 2014
Authors: Jin Yao Li
Commissioned by the group, collect the transport group traffic accident data from January, 2008 to December, 2012, then carry out statistic analysis of the traffic accidents data.
Data Statistics Road traffic system is a complex dynamic system consisted of four elements: person, vehicle, road, environment [2].
This paper analyzes the data combined with the four elements.
Fig.10 Distribution of liabilities Fig.11 Distribution of drivers’ driving-age Accident data analysis Time distribution analysis.
According to a lot of similar research data, 14:00-16:00 is also a high-risk period [6].
Data Statistics Road traffic system is a complex dynamic system consisted of four elements: person, vehicle, road, environment [2].
This paper analyzes the data combined with the four elements.
Fig.10 Distribution of liabilities Fig.11 Distribution of drivers’ driving-age Accident data analysis Time distribution analysis.
According to a lot of similar research data, 14:00-16:00 is also a high-risk period [6].
Online since: May 2011
Authors: Yu Chi Leng, Wei Liu
The sensor is interfaced to a notebook computer using a multipurpose data acquisition board and few custom made circuits.
Data collection, errors correction and calibration modules were written using LabVIEW programming language.
The data for board thickness corrections and for temperature corrections for the MC measurement system have been developed.
A production unit will need temperature hardened batteries, on-board storage of data, and intermittent operation to save battery life.
The training set is realized joining the subsets of measured (about 40) and simulated (about 80) data.
Data collection, errors correction and calibration modules were written using LabVIEW programming language.
The data for board thickness corrections and for temperature corrections for the MC measurement system have been developed.
A production unit will need temperature hardened batteries, on-board storage of data, and intermittent operation to save battery life.
The training set is realized joining the subsets of measured (about 40) and simulated (about 80) data.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Bai Xue Fu, Wei Wang, Zi Yuan Cheng, Yu Bao
The same frequency noise parameters are estimated using a piece of data before the signal under test does not reach, joint probability density is:
(2)
The minimum value is calculated about the formula 3, the maximum ambient estimate are made for A2 and θ2:
(3)
(4)
(5)
(3)Eliminates same-frequency noise [3].
The original time difference data is shown in figure 4(5000 measuring points, time is 50 s), there is a large error in the time difference, one is caused by random noise in the receiving signal, the frequency is high and the amplitude is small, and the other is caused by acoustic noise, the frequency is low and the amplitude is large.
Time/s Fig.4 The original time difference data To this end, the original time difference signal is de-noise-processed by using the integrated filtering method of wavelet filtering and the medium plus average filter to obtain data that change smoothly and consistently with the change of fuel flow.
(1)The current estimation error E(n): (22) (2)The updated value of the tap weight vector q(n+1): (23) The measured signal is filtered using MATLAB software, taking 5000 data points as an example, the idle phase takes 0.18 s and the receive phase takes 0.07s, which is much less than the sample time of 0.82s.
(2) For random noise and acoustic noise, the time difference data filtering is directly tested by the threshold method, the hard threshold wavelet filter is the first filter and medium plus the average filter is the secondary filter, and the experiment verifies that the method can effectively eliminate the noise
The original time difference data is shown in figure 4(5000 measuring points, time is 50 s), there is a large error in the time difference, one is caused by random noise in the receiving signal, the frequency is high and the amplitude is small, and the other is caused by acoustic noise, the frequency is low and the amplitude is large.
Time/s Fig.4 The original time difference data To this end, the original time difference signal is de-noise-processed by using the integrated filtering method of wavelet filtering and the medium plus average filter to obtain data that change smoothly and consistently with the change of fuel flow.
(1)The current estimation error E(n): (22) (2)The updated value of the tap weight vector q(n+1): (23) The measured signal is filtered using MATLAB software, taking 5000 data points as an example, the idle phase takes 0.18 s and the receive phase takes 0.07s, which is much less than the sample time of 0.82s.
(2) For random noise and acoustic noise, the time difference data filtering is directly tested by the threshold method, the hard threshold wavelet filter is the first filter and medium plus the average filter is the secondary filter, and the experiment verifies that the method can effectively eliminate the noise
Online since: February 2015
Authors: Dmitry S. Nikitin, Alexander A. Sivkov, Alexander Ya. Pak, Ilyas A. Rakhmatullin
The powder structure and phases were analyzed by the PowderCell 2.4 program package and PDF4+ base of structural data.
The results of the XRD studies were very strongly supported by the TEM data.
The data on the first case (the Si:C ratio is 2.5:1) are given in Figs. 2 and 3.
Figure 2: TEM data of experiment 1 Figure 3: Typical object of synthesized products The TEM data on the product synthesized at the increased silicon content of the precursors mixture (Si : C = 3.0 : 1) are given in Fig. 4.
Figure 4: TEM data of experiment 2 Thus TEM-data show dominance of silicon carbide in the product in the form of a typical triangle objects and different phase compositions of powders with different ratios of the precursor mixture.
The results of the XRD studies were very strongly supported by the TEM data.
The data on the first case (the Si:C ratio is 2.5:1) are given in Figs. 2 and 3.
Figure 2: TEM data of experiment 1 Figure 3: Typical object of synthesized products The TEM data on the product synthesized at the increased silicon content of the precursors mixture (Si : C = 3.0 : 1) are given in Fig. 4.
Figure 4: TEM data of experiment 2 Thus TEM-data show dominance of silicon carbide in the product in the form of a typical triangle objects and different phase compositions of powders with different ratios of the precursor mixture.
3D Cellular Automata Modelling of Solid–state Transformations Relevant in Low–alloy Steel Production
Online since: June 2011
Authors: Jilt Sietsma, Maria Giuseppina Mecozzi, C. Bos
Here the comparison with experimental data is given.
The distribution of the strain energy in the simulation and the experimental data are reported in Fig. 2.
The average recrystallised grain size in the simulation reproduces quite well the experimental data.
The deviation at smaller grain size is due to the experimental difficulty to reveal small grains. 75 mm Figure 1 Starting microstructure: 2D cut of the 3D microstructure, ferrite is coloured blue, pearlite is coloured grey (a); experimental microstructure, ferrite is the light phase, pearlite is the dark one (b) Figure 2 Strain energy distribution calculated for a reduction of 60 % and an average strain energy of 35 J/mole a b Figure 3 Recrystallised ferrite fraction curve: best fitting CA simulation and EBSD data Figure 4 Recrystallised ferrite grain size distribution calculated in 2D cuts of the 3D microstructure in comparison with experimental grain size distribution measured in metallographic sections (EBSD data) Starting from a recrystallised ferrite-plus-pearlite microstructure, the kinetics of austenite formation from pearlite and ferrite was studied during heating at 1 K/s from 990 K to a fully austenitisation temperature (1150 K).
Kinetics of austenite formation during heating at 1 K/s: best fitting CA simulation and dilatometry data Figure 6.
The distribution of the strain energy in the simulation and the experimental data are reported in Fig. 2.
The average recrystallised grain size in the simulation reproduces quite well the experimental data.
The deviation at smaller grain size is due to the experimental difficulty to reveal small grains. 75 mm Figure 1 Starting microstructure: 2D cut of the 3D microstructure, ferrite is coloured blue, pearlite is coloured grey (a); experimental microstructure, ferrite is the light phase, pearlite is the dark one (b) Figure 2 Strain energy distribution calculated for a reduction of 60 % and an average strain energy of 35 J/mole a b Figure 3 Recrystallised ferrite fraction curve: best fitting CA simulation and EBSD data Figure 4 Recrystallised ferrite grain size distribution calculated in 2D cuts of the 3D microstructure in comparison with experimental grain size distribution measured in metallographic sections (EBSD data) Starting from a recrystallised ferrite-plus-pearlite microstructure, the kinetics of austenite formation from pearlite and ferrite was studied during heating at 1 K/s from 990 K to a fully austenitisation temperature (1150 K).
Kinetics of austenite formation during heating at 1 K/s: best fitting CA simulation and dilatometry data Figure 6.