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However, in some applications, there is a need to increase the durability of machine parts made of the DCIs by improving their surface wear properties.
The LSA process is the most innovative approach to the enhancement of wear properties of the working surface of components made of different cast iron grades.
However, the data reported in the literature show that there are still unresolved issues concerning mainly the homogeneity of such composite layers, ability to control the fraction and growth morphology of reinforcing phase and also proper adjustment of the mechanical properties of the resulting matrix material to the characteristics of the synthesized reinforcing phase [28, 29].
Ren, Mechanical properties of vermicular graphite cast iron processed by selective laser surface alloying with ultra-fine ZrO ceramic particulates, Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters) 29 (2016) 985-992
Janicki, Shaping the structure and properties of surface layers of ductile cast iron by laser alloying, published by Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej, Gliwice, 2018

It is recognized that adhesion formation is associated with various factors such as tissue trauma, ischemia, foreign body reaction, infection, and hemorrhage [1].
The mildly crosslinked alginate with still flow property provides the residence stability of Pluronic mixture gels in the body.
The physical properties of the copolymer films were examined by the measurements of water contact angle (Sessile drop method) and glass transition temperature (Tg; differential scanning calorimetry).
The mechanical properties (tensile strength, modulus and elongation) were also measured using an Instron tester.
Alginate itself did not affect the LCST.

In the machining techniques systems that composed by machine tool, cutters and work piece, tool is the most activity factor.
The materials are the key factor for the manufacture efficiency, quality, cost and its longevity.
There are multifarious usual work pieces' and cutters' materials information (grade, composition, and properties) in the system's database.
The tool's conditions affect the quality of products and efficiency of machining.
Therefore, we decrease the error originated from input, which coming from artificial factors.

Particulate pollution as a main type of atmospheric pollution seriously caused negative effects on human health and environment, affected the earth’s radiation balance and reduced the visibility[3-5].
However, the heterogeneous nucleation process of supersaturated aqueousvapor on the surface of fine particles was complex and possessed many influence factors.
Many properties, such as light scattering, electrostatic charges and toxicity, as well as physical processes, including diffusion, condensation and thermophoresis, depended strongly on the size distribution.Turbulent coagulations were of great interest in many applications, including mechanical and chemical engineering, atmospheric science, combustion technology, inhalation toxicology and nuclear safety analysis[18].
In consideration of the microcharacteristic and complexity of fine particles, the removal of inhalable particles were greatly constrained because of various uncertainty factors in the fine particle coagulation process.

Architecture and planners, who do this kind of design, just concern on some beautiful "space form” in a foreign country, ignoring original site of sunshine, ventilation, topography, soil, plant and other natural factors.
It do not borrow other equipment, energy, mechanical strength, to improve the quality of the city construction environment purpose, through urban open space design method.
With the integration of biological climate factors, natural elements and artificial elements to form good biological climate adjustment ability, it can guide beneficial cycle in urban environmental, purposes the city and the human in harmonious development.
Furthermore, the climate characteristics also affect people’s outdoor activities.
Ground material not only meets basic function, but also expresses the physical properties of the material, , such as low reflectivity, water permeability, and greatly improving the square climate adaptability.

However, there are many factors influencing the dimensions of part, and it is very difficult to develop the relationship between the process parameters and the final dimensions of part.
Korczak[5] researched used the neural network to predict the mechanical properties of the hot rolling sheet metal.
Model Establishment of Two-axle Rotary Shaping Based on ANN For a given material, the research of two-axle rotary shaping technology based on experiments and simulation showed, there are four critical factors (the metal thickness(t), coating thickness (he), roller diameter (d) and indentation depth(h)) that affect the diameter of shaped part after spring- back.

The Influence of High Content of Silicon in Austenitic Stainless Steel to Corrosion Rate in Sulphuric Acid Femiana Gapsari1,a, Slamet Wahyudi2,b, and Sumawan3,c 1,2,3 Mechanical Engineering, Brawijaya University, MT.
Environmental factor which used as standard is variative concentration of sulphuric acid and time.
Environmental factor is one of main factors which cause corrosion.
Chemical properties Grade C [%] Mn [%] P [%] S [%] Si [%] Cr [%] Ni [%] 304 0.08 2.00 0.045 0.03 1.00 18-20 8-10 316L 0.03 2.00 0.045 0.03 0.75 16-18 10-12 Saramet 0.5-1.0 0.80 0.04 0.03 1.4-2.0 20-22 10-20 Before the treatment, every specimen was cleaned and heated at temperature of 110°C in one hour as drying process (first preparation).
Austenitic SS corrosion in sulfuric acid is complex and corrosion rate affected by the variations in conditions of exposure.

Each ophthalmic device application requires its own material(s) with a specific profile of engineering properties.
Early on, better optics could be achieved with glass, but the plastic had other desirable properties.
The intrinsic inertness and high modulus properties of PMMA appear to make it ideal for this application.
It was subsequently shown that the device could be very effective in the treatment of keratoconus, a somewhat rare condition affecting 1/2000 of the population.
For a new innovative product one can perform economic modeling calculations to consider the following factors: total market size being addressed by the new product; growth of market; resources required to develop, manufacture and market the product; duration of development; selling price of the product; competition; intellectual property; regulatory strategy; risk of failure etc.

Introduction Al-Li alloys have been very attractive for use in aircraft industry because they exhibit superior mechanical properties as compared to the conventional Al alloys in terms of higher stiffness, higher specific strength and improved fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance [1-3].
Al-Li alloys are known to possess a strong crystallographic texture which could affect the FCP behavior [5-10].
Rao et al.[6] reported that, for the same stress intensity factor variation (ΔK), the FCP rates in recrystallized Al sheet were greater than in non-recrystallized Al plate.
Wu et al. [8] found the directionality of the FCP behavior in 8090 Al-Li plate to be strictly related to the strong Brass texture ({110} <112>) present in this alloy, and the effect of specimen orientation on the FCP rates was associated with the anisotropy of mechanical properties.
Grant, The structure and properties of splat-quenched aluminium alloy 2024 containing lithium additions.

Since the late nineteen eighties, Toyota has successfully prepared polyimide-montmorillonite nanocomposites by intercalating polymer between the montmorillonite layers to improve its heat distortion temperature, gas barrier properties and mechanical properties [6].
Therefore, the factors such as PVA content and ice crystal growth rate under two different frozen technological conditions, namely, low temperature freezer and liquid nitrogen which influence the morphology of PVA/Na-MMT composite will be described in this paper.
The physical properties of Na-MMT including pH value, Methylene blue adsorbed, Swelling values, Glial price, CEC were listed in Table 2.
Apparently, PVA content affected the morphology of PVA/Na-MMT composite to some extent.
PVA/Na-MMT micro gels frozen in liquid nitrogen had large undercooling and supersaturation degree, the critical crystal size was small, the nucleation formation speed was quickly, all these factors result in many small and uniform distribution ice crystals.