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The results showed that the TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres with hollow structure were piled by TiO2 (anatase) and ZrO2 (monoclinic) hybrid nanoparticles.
The study of ZrO2-TiO2 hollow photocatalyst was rarely reported, and in this paper, the hollow TiO2-ZrO2 hybrid composite microspheres were synthesized by hard template-hydrothermal method and the hollow structure and performances were also characterized.
Such rough surface with porous structure of TiO2-ZrO2 photocatalysts may favor the adsorption of organic pollutants.
This may be implied that TiO2-ZrO2 hollow structure was formed.
While the characteristic peaks of PMMA dissppeared suggestting that PMMA template has been removed completely by calcination and thus impling that the hollow structure was formed.

The local structures analyzed using FTIR spectra reveal an increase in depolymerisation of the glass at Q3 tetrahedral sites due to the introduction of ZnO NPs.
The IR absorption bands near 1080–900 cm-1 are assigned to P–O– groups, the phosphate non bridging oxygen portion of PO4, P2O7 and PO3 in a chain structure [9].
The introduction of ZnO NPs enhances the depolymerization of the glass structure.
The ZnO NPs concentration dependent absorption spectra of prepared glasses Absorption spectra being a tool to analyze the optical transition and electronic band structure are used to determine the optical band gap and Urbach energy.
Materials Chemistry and Physics 84 (2004) 151-156

When compacts of high purity alumina powder are sintered at 1650°C, the grain boundaries are smoothly curved, indicating their atomically rough structures.
Likewise, the grain growth mode in the single phase systems (without any liquid phase) was observed to depend on the singular or rough structure of the grain boundaries [9-11].
The structure and energy of rough grain boundaries are expected to be nearly uniform and isotropic, thereby producing the equiaxed grains and nearly uniform dihedral angles shown in Fig. 3(a).
Nolden, in: Structure and Dynamics of Surfaces II: Phenomena, Models, and Method, edited by W.
Wortis, in: Chemistry and Physics of Solid Surfaces VII, edited by R.

The structure and properties of PET/PTT (Polytrimethylene Terephthalate) blends with different blending ratio had also been studied by using DSC and DMA analysis.
In recent years the study on crystal structure of PET has already been widely and comprehensive [7].
Owing to the research on the structure and properties of PET/PTT blends is still limited nowadays, we try to study the PET/PTT blends by utilizing DSC and DMA analysis.
As to PET, the discontinuous changes happened at low and high temperature range are correlative to the structure change of the "freedom amorphous phase" and the "constraint amorphous phase" respectively.
Crystallization of poly(ethylene terephthalate)[J], Journal of Macromolecular Science: Reviews in Macromol Chemistry and Physics, 1995,35(3):531-553 [2] Tant M.R., Wilkes G.L..

In this review, membrane antifouling and self-cleaning properties can be improved by using titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles and UV radiation on membrane structure and surface.
In general, membranes are thin layers that can have significantly different structures, but all have the common feature of selective transport to different components in a feed.
Recently establish method to improve the membrane antifouling properties is using titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on membrane structure and surface.
Naylor, Polymer Membranes-Materials, Structures And Separation Performance.
Zhang, The role of hydrodynamic conditions and solution chemistry on protein fouling during ultrafiltration.

Today, nanotechnology plays a pivotal role in all the scientific disciplines such as physics, chemistry, biology, material science, engineering, electronics and computer technology.
The second one is the top-down approach, which starts with breaking of large structure and proceeds to make it a smaller one.
This approach has been widely used to create nano structured materials for various industrial applications.
There are many methods such as sol-gel [1-4], solid state reaction [5], hydrothermal [6], microwave [7], reverse micelles [8], spray pyrolysis [9], ball milling [10], ultrasonication [11], chemical reduction [12], chemical and physical vapour depositions [13] are available to prepare the nano structured materials for various potential industrial applications.
The hexagonal structure of hydroxyapatite powder with the average crystallite size has been observed in the range between 5 nm to 92 nm.

China 2 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P.R.
This paper has made a comprehensive study on the morphology, crystal structure and crystal transformation of the nano-TiO2 via TEM, XRD and TG-DTA.
The XRD patterns of the corresponding titania nanocrystallines in Fig. 10 were employed to analyze the influence of the calcination temperatures on the crystal structure.
This peak indicates adhesion or type change among crystal grains related to incomplete or unstable crystal structures as well as the wide interplanar spacing in newly prepared TiO2.
The grain size, morphology, crystal structure and crystal transformation of nano titanium dioxide were characterized using TEM, XRD, and DTA-TG.

The structure of PA12T was investigated by fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR).
FT-IR and 1H-NMR were used to confirm the structure of PA12T.
The crystallization process affects polymer properties through the crystal structure and morphology established during the molding process.
Because it has to release energy while transforming the molten fluid into the crystalline state, the value of ΔE is negative on the basis of the concept of heat quantity in physical chemistry.
FT-IR and NMR spectra confirmed the chemical structure of PA12T.

The 50/50 enamel coating had the least corrosion resistance, due to its interconnected pore structure, and prior damage drastically reduced the corrosion resistance of pure and double enamel coated rebar.
Introduction Reinforcement corrosion is one of the main causes of premature deterioration for concrete structures in aggressive environments.
The 50/50 enamel coating (see Fig. 4c) has a complex structure with trapped bubbles in the residual glassy phase along with continuous regions of calcium silicate particles.
The gradual increase in corrosion area of the 50/50 enamel coating is due to its porous structure consisting of interconnected pores as shown in Fig. 4c.
Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, Vol.176 (1984), p275

Strontium Oxide (SrO) nanoparticles have a specific structure, and excellent optical, mechanical, and thermal properties, within direct bandgap semiconductors applications.
Watson, Atomistic structure of oxide nanoparticles supported on an oxide substrate, Physical Review B - Condensed Matter and Materials Physics. 65 (2002) 1–15
Al-Bermany, New Fabricated UHMWPEO-PVA Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced by GO Nanosheets: Structure and DC Electrical Behaviour, Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1973 (2021) 012164
Al-Bermany, New fabricated PMMA-PVA/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Structure, optical properties and application, Journal of Composite Materials. 55 (2021) 2793–2806
Zghair, Preparation and structural properties of liquid crystalline materials and its transition metals complexes, Asian Journal of Chemistry. 31 (2019) 393–395.