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Therefore the lateral bearing force and nail holding power are two basic strength indexes to value the connection properties.
Dolan[4] researched about the influences of different physical properties by different moisture content of wood on nail holding power.
Then the nail holding power was mainly affected by friction.
The study focused only on one mechanical property---nail holding power.
Stern, Deterioration of green wood along steel-nail shank and its influence on the nail-holding properties.

Humidity change in rock environment also has a negative effect and its properties are changed.
They present a problematic factor in the case of steel-reinforced structure.
c=∆L∙1000L [mm∙m-1] (1) Evaluation of Experimental Testing Table 2 shows results of basic rheological properties.
Table 2 - Rheological properties of each mixture of fresh mortars.
Modifying mixtures by crystalline admixture did not show any significantly positive effect on these properties even after long maturation time.

Recently the research has tended to focus on the compound processing for DLC film, including 1) enhancement of substrate, 2) increasing in interface strength, 3) improving friction properties of film, etc.
DLC film is similar properties to diamond with high hardness, and contains the same SP3 bonding structure with diamond and the similar SP2 bonding structure to graphite.
Due to the different production methods the structural components of DLC film also are different, changes in structure components cause larger difference in physical properties of DLC film [2].
The intermediate materials can eliminate the internal Stress resulted by the lattice mismatching and the difference of thermal expansion coefficient, and avoid reacting directly between substrate and film during the deposition process, such as to prevent excessive infiltration of carbon into substrate, thus affecting the growth of DLC films.
The ratio of SP3 to SP2 has a great influence on the friction properties of DLC film [2], the high level of SP3 is characterized by higher hardness and friction coefficient, otherwise means a lower hardness and friction coefficient.

The core of any WSS system is the identification of damage sensitive properties in order to discriminate between the damaged and the undamaged structure.
Structure response is related to dynamic properties of the system, so a change in dynamic properties can be identified by analysing its response.
Shifts in resonance frequencies are indicator of a change in dynamic properties (mass and stiffness) of the structure.
Many studies have been performed about correlation between damages and changes in the dynamic properties of a structure [14-20].
Active Composites as the Natural Environment for WSS We call active materials the ones which join mechanical behaviour with non-mechanical properties.

Local Heat Transfer Measurements Using Liquid Crystal Thermography Technique Dae Hee Lee 1,a, Chang Yul Lim1,b, Min Hyon Jeon2,c, Moon Kyoung Kim3,d Sung Bong Park4,e , and Kwan Soo Lee 4,f 1School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, 2School of Nano Engineering Inje University, 607 Obang-Dong, Gimhae, Gyeongnam 621-749, Korea 3Department of Mechanical Design Chang-Won College,196 Doodae-Dong, Chang-Won, Gyeongnam, Korea 4School of Mechanical Engineering Han Yang University, Haengdang-Dong, Seoul, Korea amechdhl@inje.ac.kr, bchangyul7@hanmail.net, cmjeon@inje.ac.kr, dmkkim@changwon-c.ac.kr, e bong2000@ihanyang.ac.kr, f ksleehy@hanyang.ac.kr Keywords: Liquid Crystal, Gold Film Intrex, Shroud-Heating Transient Technique Abstract The micro-encapsulated thermochromic liquid crystal has been used for the surface temperature measurement using its color change with heat.
Since the color image of liquid crystal is affected by factors such as the thickness of liquid crystal, the angle, the distance, and the light source illuminating the liquid crystal coated surface, a careful Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the apparatus for the liquid crystal color calibration Fig. 2 R, G, B values of liquid crystal Fig. 3 Comparison between the measured temperature and the estimated temperature using Neural networks and median filtering The Windows program written in C++ language has been developed.
The uncertainty in the property of Plexiglas is the largest contribution to the uncertainty.

The densification behavior of AZO powder is a critical factor related to the design of the compaction process.
Owing to its two chief properties, electrical conductivity an d optical transparency, as well as the ease with which it can be deposited as a thin film, AZO is one of the most widely used transparent conducting oxides.
The productivity of the sputtering process is affected by the size of the target.
Elliott, Modelling the mechanical behavior of pharmaceutical powders during compaction, Powder Technol. 152 (2005) 107
Characterization of mechanical behavior of powder and powder/tooling friction, J.

Casting nozzle structure is the decision factor for the formation process of the fluid field of magnesium alloys melt, and the distribution uniformity of the casting nozzle has an important influence on the process stability and the billet quality.
For example, they are not only can simplify the process, shorten the production period, reduce the cost, improve the productivity, but also can make planks microstructure uniformity, small, inclusion less and the dispersion distribution, and to improve the mechanical properties of the magnesium alloys planks.
In the roll casting process, casting nozzle structure is the decision factor for the formation process of the fluid field of magnesium alloy melt, and the distribution uniformity of the casting nozzle has an important influence on the process stability and the billet quality [5-6].
As the numbers, position, shape, and the size of the divergent fluid block can affect the fluid velocity distribution uniformity, so several casting nozzle structures are preliminary designed in order to analyze the effect of the divergent fluid block on the flow velocity distribution, as shown in Fig.2.

On the other hand, the strength of graphite materials is affected by microstructures such as grain size and pore size in the components.
Ki is the stress intensity factor of the crack length 2c under applies stress σ, and written as cKi πσ=
KI and KII are stress intensity factors of mode I and II, respectively.
Mechanical Engineering Congress, 2003 Japan (MECJ-03) (2003) [6] A.M.
Barnett et. al: "Fracture of Brittle Materials Under Transient Mechanical and Thermal Loading", Report AFFDL-TR, 66-220 (1966) [8] K.

Another fact is that their porous structure and properties make the process of producing porous activated carbons from biomasses simple and cheaper.
Graphene becomes a popular choice because it has excellent electrical, thermal and conducting properties, high surface area and exceptional room temperature Hall Effect and tunable band gap [6,7,8].
Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors, J.
Alias, Electrical and mechanical properties of carbon pellets from acid (HNO3) treated self-adhesive carbon grain from oil palm empty bunch, J.
Yunus, Physical, electrochemical and supercapacitive properties of activated carbon pellets from pre-carbonized rubber wood sawdust by CO2 activation, Curr.

During flight, missile experiences various combinations of the parameters affecting heat transfer, viz., altitude, velocity, angle of attack and flight time.
It uses well established classical engineering correlations and estimates local flow properties assuming fluid past airframe surface as perfect gas.
Heat transfer rates are computed at the desired locations using properties corresponding to the edge of boundary layer [6].
Prandtl number, Pr* and Reynolds number, Re* are calculated using the transport and thermodynamic properties evaluated at the reference temperature, T*.
Temperature dependent thermo-physical properties are used in the analysis.