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After adding up to 0.5wt% of Mn, a large number of intermetallic phases, α-Al(Mn,Fe)Si as well as fine Al6(Mn,Fe) particles were precipitated and a significant improvement in the elevated temperature properties was achieved.
After the T6 heat treatment, Cu produced a large number of �� precipitates in the matrix, however, over aging at 350� caused the transformation of the �� phase into the rod shaped Q phase, whose composition was identified as Al5Cu2Mg8Si6, and which was too coarse to strengthen the matrix[1].
The addition of Mn also produced small dispersoids consisting of Al6(Mn,Fe), which were precipitated within aluminum cells or grains.
Cu effectively improved the mechanical properties of the Al-Si piston alloys, due to the production of �� precipitates after the T6 heat treatment, as well as the Fig.5 Transmission electron micrographs of Ge added alloy showing (a) High Angle Annular Dark Field Image of �� phase on GeSi precipitates after aging at 160� for 5h ; (b) Schematic EDS diagrams of ��phase and GeSi phase ; (c) ��phase coarsening after aging at 350� for 1h formation of a large number of intermetallics, i.e.

As the number of devices in a system grows and the functions of the system need to be more intelligent,these devices need to exchange the rapidly increasing amount of data among them.
This approach is not suitable any more for the system composed of many devices because the number of cables is proportional to the square of the number of devices.As an alternative to the point-to-point connections,many industrial networks have been adopted, which can accommodate various data with shared transmission medium.
Within divisions C and B there are a number of subdivisions known as classes.
Systems in C2 enforce a more finely grained discretionary access control than (C1) systems, making users individually accountable for their actions through login procedures, auditing of security relevant events, and resource isolation.
Acknowledgment This paper is supported by National Nature Science Foundation of china under Project Number: 60473042 and 2009 Major Science Foundation Subject for the Education Department of Anhui Province under Project Number ZD200905.

Table 1 Parameters of SiCp/Al composite Table 2 Parameters of grinding wheel Parameter Value Parameter Value Heat conductivity/(w/(m·k)) 226.4 Grinding wheel Diamond Thermal expansion/(mm2/s) 90.105 Diameter/mm 300 Density/(g/cm3) 2.97 Bond Type Resin Specific heat capacity /(J/(g·k)) 0.846 Thickness/mm 30 Elasticity modulus/GPa 190 Concentration 100% Grain size 120# Experiment Apparatus.
The speed V, position X and adaptive inertia weight formula in the improved particle swarm algorithm are as follows: (1) (2) (3) Where Vi and Xi are the velocity and position of the i-th particle, pi and pg are the particle individual and population values, k is the number of updates, c1, c2 are the acceleration factors, usually c1=c2=1.5, r1 and r2 are the random number between [0,1], s is the current iteration number, wstart is the initial inertia weight; wend is the inertia weight when the number of iterations is maximum, gmax is the maximum number of iterations.
Wheel speed vs, table speed vw, grinding depth ap were chosen as input layer of BP neural network. and energy consumption P was chosen as the output layer, then the three-layer BP neural network was established. p and q are the number of hidden neurons, which have influence on the adaptability and fault-tolerant ability of neural network, they are set as 3 and 1 respectively.
The size of the particle swarm size and the number of iterative optimization times are chosen to be 30 and 100.
This paper sets the mean square error value of the BP neural network as particle's fitness function, the mean square error is described as follows: (6) Where Ti is the measured value, Yi is the output value, n is the number of training sample.

The A1 ~ A8, A11, A19 and A22 number of test specimens respectively conduct an impact test and make its destruction, the bullet fired pressure is between 0.40 MPa to 0.60 MPa, strain rate range of 60 ~ 110s; 2.
The A12 ~ A17 number of test specimens conduct the constant pressure multiple impact test to destruction, the bullet fired pressure is 0.25 MPa; 3.
The A9, A10, A18 ~ A21 number of specimens conduct increasing pressure multiple impact test to destruction, the bullet fired pressure is 0.20MPa to 0.45MPa.
This is because a large number of micro cracks exist within the concrete material, thus its damage caused by the combined action of strain rate hardening effect and damage softening effect.
This is decided by the internal structure of the HPP hybrid fiber reinforced lightweight aggregate concrete materials, when the concrete material molding, a large number of micro cracks and micro void damage has been distributed around the aggregate and the whole body.

Therefore, recent years has seen a number of commitments made by the states in order to reduce the adverse effect of manufacturing processes on the environment.
Grain, forest chips or granules are stored in silos.
Furthermore, a great number of deliveries do not meet the humidity requirements.
The increasing number of non-consistent deliveries might also result from lower motivation of suppliers and neglecting the problems of preparation of high-quality biomass.
Analysis of the number of the deliveries that have not met quality requirements should also include the division into the deliveries of agricultural and forestry biomass.

Since the increase in internal energy happens in small portions due to the cyclic loading in the zone of elastic strain, the energy, that reached a critical level, causes plastic shear before the plastic strain of the grains.
Based on this assumption of the obvious geometrical parameters, general deformation is determined by the expression: . (1) According to [21], the value of the relaxed stresses is in direct proportion to the number of loading cycles and magnitude of loading, which determines the nominal process induced deformation.
It should be noted that the number of loading cycles of the workpiece provided by the given setup parameters based on geometric scheme in Fig.1, is determined by the condition: (3) If the number of cycles provided by the geometric setup is not sufficient, i.e., NOTo determine the required number of cycles, it is necessary to find value Dh.
During the setup one must also consider that the smaller the angle of the crossing of the roll axes is, the slower the part moves, and the greater the number of loading cycles is.

First, the grid computing model to calculate the data is divided into a number of “small pieces”, and calculates the "small piece" of software is usually a pre-programmed screen saver, and then the computer can be different nodes according to their capacity to download one or multiple data segments, and this screen saver.
Five components of the hourglass structure according to the distance and sharing of resources will be functions scattered in five different levels, from bottom to top are: structural layer, link layer, resource layer, collective layer and application layer, the more the lower The more close to the physical shared resources; and the number of different parts of the agreement is different, for the most part of the core, upper layer protocol to be able to achieve the mapping to the core protocol, while achieving other key agreement protocol to lower the mapping, so the formation of the core protocol of the agreement hierarchy bottlenecks in five-story structure, the resource layer and link layer together constitute the core.
This view that scheduling is a more specific level that is fine-grained scheduling.

The weighted average (Co) is defi{TTP}-1279 ned as: (2) Where Ck is the carbon content of sampling point, k is the number of sampling point and n is the sampling point count.
Table 2 Process parameters of billet samples, results of chemical content analysis and etch test for macrostructure Sample number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Casting speed /m·min-1 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.74 1.71 1.80 1.85 Superheat /°C 15 30 28 30 30 30 30 Water consumption rate /L·kg-1 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 Central carbon Segregation ratio 1.04 1.27 1.17 1.16 1.34 1.13 1.15 Central porosity 0.5 1.5 2 1 1.5 1 1.5 Central pipe 0.5 1 1 1 0.5 0.5 2 Results and Discussions The Effect of Superheat on Central Defect of SWRH82B Billet.
However, when casting speed is increased from 1.80m·min-1 to 1.85m·min-1, it will lead to the decrease of residence time of billet in mould and solidification rate of liquid steel, as well as the increase of liquid core length and generation time of central equiaxed grain zone, which is helpful to promote growth of columnar crystal zone.

The specimens in dimensions of 0.9 × 8 × 25 mm3 were cut from the bulk with an average grain of 2.5μm.
(1) where g0 is the surface energy without adsorption, g(t¥) the surface energy of the adsorbed sample after saturation sorption, n the total number of surface sites per unit area, k a constant, N=6.023´1023, R=8.314 J/mol·K, [HL] the activity of hydrogen.
For the sorption of molecular hydrogen or water steam, q=K[HL]/(1+K[HL])=(kP)1/2/[1+(kP)1/2], where θ is the fractional number of surface sites that are covered by adsorbed species, P is the pressure, k is also a constant.

With the rapid development of economy and the deepening of China's western development, a large number of railways, roads and pipes of transporting oil, gas and water are built.
These tunnels safety is related to both its own geological characteristics and many various kinds of natural factors, such as earthquakes and environmental vibration caused by volcanic eruption and explosion. “5.12 Wenchuan” earthquake caused a large number of tunnels collapse, rail and road traffic disruption, destroying water conservancy and hydroelectric engineering facilities and so on, bringing a huge economic loose to the country and people’s life and properties.
Its stress-strain characteristic is influenced by the grain size, structure characteristics, stress history and drainage condition, etc.