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The temperature of a cell can be calculated by means of heat balance equation: T'=i=0nqi∙tCv(T)∙m, (7) where n is the number of neighboring cells; qi is the heat flux from the cell; t is the time step; CV(T) is the heat capacity of the cell; m is the mass of the layer; T is the temperature of the cell before the heat transfer; T′ is the temperature of the cell after the heat transfer.
The average grain size of the mode 1 plate is ~3.5 – 4 μm, which is 1.5 – 1.6 times higher than that in the other modes.
The temperature stabilization range is also lower and the final average grain size is ~2,2 – 3 μm [21].
Amirov, Determination of the Grain Size on the Basis of the Developed Mathematical Model of the Laminar Cooling System of the Strip of the Hot Rolling Mill “2000”, Proceedings of the TSU.

%Bi) appears to be a good candidate, due to its high atomic number, low melting point (125 °C), fast heat removal from the target, good neutron yield and low vapour pressure.
This oxide layer, constituted of small equiaxe grains, is thick (14 µm after 7800 hours immersion in Pb-Bi) and seems dense without any voids and cracks (fig 3).
Table.1 Summary of Fe-9Cr oxidation results in water, steam and Pb-Bi environment - Comparison between results of oxidation tests in Pb-Bi and in others environments Material Environment Temperature (°C) Kp cm 2/s Structure and nature scale Oxidation mechanism proposed references Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 450 1.64x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [15] Fe-9Cr steam 500 7.4x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite [6] Fe-9Cr1Mo steam 500 9.3x10 -14 Duplex, porous Fe-Cr spinel, compact magnetite Available space model [7] Fe-Cr water 450 ∼10-13 Duplex scale Oxidizer diffuses by nano-channels Iron diffuses by grain boundary [9] T91 Pb-Bi 470 2.5x10 -13 Duplex, hFe-Cr spinel≈hmagnetite Available space model This study In the case of Pb-Bi, according to the parabolic oxidation kinetics and to the comparison with the oxidation kinetics

The effect of the number of cycles of SILAR on the morphology and size of the quantum dots has been investigated.
The effect of SILAR cycles number on the QDs size and band gap was studied.
Repeating the number of cycles enables the particles grow in a controlled manner.
The images revealed that the surface consisted of spherical grains and it had a smooth appearance.
The intensity of the peak increased with the number of cycles increasing.

Floc fractal dimension changes to better reflect the flocculation level and treatment effect for the establishment of floc fractal dimension number of changes in the coagulation control is provided for reference.
Its not only to the source water turbidity, organism has good removal efficiency, but also its elixir dosing quantity and produces a small amount of sludge, forming the flocculant body close-grained, settlement, speed, giving full play to the inorganic flocculant with organic flocculants respective advantages, it has a good application prospect.

The pitting corrosion resistance of weld metals produced by different consumables is discussed in the paper in terms of the pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) calculated from the chemical compositions and the content of delta ferrite in the austenite matrix of the weld metals.
The austenite grains with twins were observed as a typical microstructure of stainless steel base metal.
The empirical relationship between the degree of pitting corrosion resistance and the contents of those elements was formulated as the following equation [7] and well known as a pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) PREN = (wt%Cr) + 3.3 (wt%Mo) + 16 (wt%N).
The pitting resistance equivalent number (PREN) of the weld metals produced by the AISI 309L, AISI 316L, and AISI 308L consumables were 25.3, 23.0 and 18.6 respectively. 4.

Discovery of grapheme and a number of other two-dimensional (2D) nanofillers (for example, boron nitride, grapheme oxide a.a.), prossessing very high characteristics, creates a new class of nanostructured materials polymer/2D-nanofiller [4].
This fraction jds is estimated as follows [17]: , (5) where s is thickness of boundary region, L is size of nanomaterial grain.
As it is known [13], 2D-nanofiller platelets can be either isolated, i.e. their number Npl per one aggregate is equal to one (exfoliated structure), or they can form “packets” (tactoids) and then Npl>1 (intercalated structure of 2D-nanofiller).
In Fig. 5 the dependence of index a on a number of 2D-nanofiller platelets per “packet” (tactoid) Npl is adduced for the considered nanocomposites.
Conclusions Thus, the present work results allow to make a number of non-standard conclusions.

Several factors affect the FLC including sheet thickness, temperature, strain rate and grain size and strain hardening exponent.
The numbers at the top of Fig. 2 are the geometry numbers corresponding to those in Fig. 1b, covering strain ratios from pure tensile to equibiaxial conditions.
Neural network The artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a powerful estimation tool that can be used in mapping any function whatever the number of variables controls that functions.
Those points are the start point (point number 1), the finish point (point number 5) and the critical point (point number 3).
The total number of the training sets is the five sets that characterise the different process parameters of the experimental FLDs at different temperature and forming rates as inputs to all networks.

In this extrusion forming temperature range, the blank would show the less deformation resistance, better plastic, easier forming and better distortion than cold extrusion, so as to reduce the number of working procedure.
If cannot effectively isolate the die and the workpiece, the friction will produce abrasive grain and adhesion abrasion, then result in scrapes and adhesion on the mold surface,will finally give rise to cracks on the mold surface, have a rough surface of the extrusion, and the dimensions exceed size tolerance, reduced the service life of mold,thus, in order to diminish the friction, brushing lubricant on the mold or the blank is needed in the process of extrusion.
Using the warm extrusion to process the forging die cavity of 3Cr2W8V in One-off Forming Technology，Realized chipless forming， reduced manufacturing processes of the forging die， Streamlined a large number of special tools and fixture during the original process，largely reduced the cycle of mold manufacturing，improved the manufacturing efficiency，saved the Integrated material consumption more than 30%， dramatically reduced the manufacturing cost；The size precision of forging die cavity will up to grade 3，the surface roughness less than Ra1.6μm，the mechanical property better than the original technology，increased the service life of forging die 3~5 times；and easy in replacement, convenient in operation, safe and reliable.

As can be seen in this figure, the microstructure contains austenite and small amounts of undissolved M7C3 carbide embedded in the grain boundaries.
Therefore, a large number of twinned boundaries can promote precipitations.
Additionally, the midrib region of the martensite, containing a large number of twinned boundaries, is the preferential position for carbide precipitations.

The grain size of SiC particles was 100 to 250 mm.
Fatigue tests were interrupted at prescribed numbers of cycles.
Figure 3 shows SEM micrographs taken from the notch root of the fatigued specimen under the maximum nominal stress 6.0 MPa at the frequency 30 Hz to the number of the stress cycles N=10272.