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Used Cooking Oil (UCO) is a promising candidate as raw material for biodiesel synthesis.
Reducing the feedstocks cost can be achieved by using non-edible oils and waste cooking oils as raw materials.
The structure and crystallinity of materials were identified by using a Rigaku Multiflex X-ray diffractometer, using radiation of Cu Kα, the high voltage source of 40 kV and 20 mA.
The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrophotometer analysis was applied to determine elemental composition of the materials.
Budiman, Removal of free fatty acid in Palm Fatty Acid Distillate using sulfonated carbon catalyst derived from biomass wastefor biodiesel production, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2016

Experimental Materials Dialdehyde starch was prepared in the literature [3].
Ranjith: Journal of Microencapsulation.
Coutinho, er al: Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine.
Zhou: New Building Materials.
Ashok Kumar, et al: Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research.

Interface diffusion of composite rolling AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet clad by Al foil during annealing Guanqiao Sua, Zhongjun Wangb* and Jing Zhuc (School of Materials and Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P.R. of China) aemail: suhang_joe@163.com, b*email: zhongjunwang@126.com, cemail: zhujing81327@163.com Keywords: Composite rolling; AZ31; magnesium alloy; interface; diffusion kinetics Abstract.
Experimental The materials used were as-rolled AZ31 magnesium alloy and pure Al foil.
Wang: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 461(2008) , p.399
Gang and J.Zhu: Journal of rare earths, Vol. 29 (2011) No.3, p.558
Wang: Bulletin of Materials Science, Vol. 34 (2011) No.4, p.805.

Acknowledgments This work was supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LZ12E08003) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (201003733).
[4] A.A.Dubov: Metal Science and Heat Treatment.
Vol. 42(2009), p. 323-327 [8] X.L.Jian, X.C.Jian, G.Y.Deng: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.
Vol. 321(2009), p. 3600-3606 [9] C.L.Shi, S.Y.Dong, B.S.Xu, P.He: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.
Vol. 322(2010). p. 413-416 [10] P.J.Guo, X.D.Chen, W.H.Guan, H.Y.Cheng, H.Jiang: Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.

The synthesis of inorganic materials with well-controlled morphology is a key aspect in the development of new functional materials.
Materials and Methods Preparation of HAp powder Materials Calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (Ca(NO3)2·4H2O ; 98.5 %), phosphoric acid (H3PO4 ; 85 %), urea ((NH2)2CO ; 99 %), acetic acid (99.7 %), succinic acid (99.5 %) and citric acid (98 %) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
Okada., Syntheses of calcium-deficient apatite fibres by a homogeneous precipitation method and their characterizations, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 26 (2006) 501-507
Dang., Shape-controlled synthesis of F-substituted hydroxyapatite microcrystals in the presence of Na2EDTA and citric acid, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 350 (2010) 30-38
Costa., Hydroxyapatite micro- and nanoparticles: Nucleation and growth mechanisms in the presence of citrate species, Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 318 (2008) 210–216.

Fast carrier thermal excitation and trapping at the surface of the ZnO material affect the photoconduction in ZnO.
References [1] Fang Yi, Yunhua Huang, Zheng Zhang, Qi Zhang, Yue Zhang, “Photoluminescence and highly selective photoresponse of ZnO nanorod arrays,” Optical Materials, vol. 35, issue 8, pp. 1532–1537, 2013
[3] Teen-Hang Meena, Jun-Hao Fana, Hong-Tai Chena and Yu-Chen Chang, “The Study of ZnO Nanostructures Applied on Ultraviolet Sensor,” Journal of Science and Innovation, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 125-128, 2013
[6] Linghui Zhu, Xuehui Gu, Fengdong Qu, Jiaqi Zhang, Caihui Feng, Jingran Zhou, Shengping Ruan and Bonan Kang, “Electrospun ZnO Nanofibers-Based Ultraviolet Detector with High Responsivity,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 96, issue 10, pp. 3183–3187, 2013
[7] Mrinmoy Misra, Pawan Kapur, MadanLal Singla, “Optoelectronics behaviour of ZnO nanorods for UV detection,” Journal of Materials Science Materials in Electronics, vol. 24, issue 10, pp. 3940-3945, 2013

Nano Material Analysis.
Figure 4 as polymer film, can be seen in the figure, the polymer film on the pore size of 50 nm to 150 nm; Figure 5 for silica particles, the size of the silica particles to 30 nm - 50 nm, two kinds of materials are of nanomaterials.
Scanning electron microscope in the application of nano materials research [J].
Scanning electron microscope and its application in material science [J].
Journal of yangzhou school of education, 2003, (9) : 14-16

The measurement was conducted to investigate the potentiality of the material as insulating layer.
Mizutani, Structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of PbTiO3 thin films by a simple sol-gel technique, Materials Science and Engineering: B 94 (2002) 269–274
Haertling, Ferroelectric ceramics: history and technology, Journal of the American Ceramic Society 82 (1999) 797–818
Fornari, Epitaxial growth of ferroelectric oxide films, Progress in Crystal Growth and Characterization of Materials 52 (2006) 159–212
Mahmood, Molarity effect on the structural properties of nano-mgo thin films, Advanced Materials Research 403–408 (2011) 1168–1172

China 2Key Laboratory of pulp and Paper Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan, Shandong 250353, P.
China aemail: shandongdonglibin@163.com bemail: leoliuyu@163.com Key words: acid-precipitating; pH6; dissolved lignin Abstract: The Chinese poplar was used as the raw material in this study.
Alkaline lignin was applied to agriculture and forestry, oil industry, high polymer material and so on.
Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 2002,28(2):50-54. ,[3] S Wu, DS Argyropoulos., An improved method for isolating lignin in high yield and purity, Journal of Pulp and Paper Science, 2003, 29 (7): 235-240. ].The functional groups of contents was calculated[[4] Motofumi S, Takafumi S, Masaru W, Tadafumi A and Kunio A, Conversion of lignin with supercritical Water Phenol Mixtrues [J], Energy Fuels, 2003,17:922. ,[5] Holtam Kevin M, Chang HM, Jamee H and Kadla John F.Elucidation of lignin structure through degradative methods:Comparison of modified DFRC and thioacidolysis, Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, 2003,51:3535. ,[6] Shiro K.
EXPERIMENTAL Materials Chips of Fast-growing Poplar was obtained from trees (5-year-old,height 10.8 m, diameter 18.7cm) grown in Hebei province.

Mohanty 4, Manjusri Misra 5 1 School of Materials Science and Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur, Howrah 711103, India 2 *Department of Polymer Science & Technology, University College of Science and Technology, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.
So the search for biodegradable compostable composite materials is one of the most relevant issues in modern polymer technology.
Experimental Materials Polylactic acid (Nature works, PLA Polymer 3001 D) was used as matrix material.
Miyoshi: Journal of Applied Polymer Science Vol. 99 ( 2006), p. 2594
Vignon, Journal of Applied Polymer Science .Vol. 76 (2000), p.2080.