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Table 1 The Main Model Scale Scale name Model Scale Remark Horizontal scale λL 600 According to the site conditions and test requirement Vertical scale λH 60 Meet the geometry deformation limit condition, etc Geometry deformation Dt 10 Dt=λL/λH Velocity scale λv 7.75 Roughness scale λn 0.626 Time scale of flow movement λt 77.5 Sediment diffusion scale λw 1.38 Grain-size scale λd 0.81 Little adjustment with water temperature Sediment concentration scale λs 1.8 and with the verification test(is suspended sediment) Time scale of riverbed deformation 83 and with the verification test Results and Discussion The formation conditions of wandering reach of the lower yellow river was given after analyzed the measured data.
First: when the flow is unchanged, the gradient ratio of the channel, the velocity and Froude number of the flow are large.
When the flood can not pass the channel, the flood would be floodplain and there would be a large number sediment deposited on the bottomland.

Table 2Nominal composition in wt% of Cu-WC-Ni powder and sample number Material Cu Ni45 Ni60 WC Sample number Cu-WC-Ni45 Bal 5% 15% I Cu- WC-Ni45 Bal 5% 25% II Cu-WC-Ni60 Bal 5% 15% III Cu-WC-Ni60 Bal 5% 25% IV A 3000W High Power Diode Laser(808-980nm wavelength) equipped with a computer controlled multi-axis positioning system and worktable was employed for laser processing.
As the laser surface modification was a rapid heating and cooling process, different regions own unequal heat transfer ability，this may lead to different cooling rate, then growing up to different grain sizes while forming different crystal structures which resulted in these three distinct regions.

Related Works A high number of image processing applications involved processes that are computation-intensive where memory consumption and performance requirements are high [8].
A program in TBB is depicted in terms of fine-grained tasks.
In TBB, k variable is number of frame which was fixed at 500; i is the loop counter.

Introduction Rice is the major grain crop of the world, especially in southeastern China[1].
However, farmers’ blind application of large number of fertilizers to pursuit higher yields in recent years caused negative ecological effects of nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation which was much larger than the crop yield’s increment[4].
The mixed water was put into the sample bottles which were washed, dried and numbered.

Furthermore, modifying some parameters such as a high number of cycles, high extrusion pressure, high abrasive concentration and low abrasive grain size, improved the precision of surface polishing [4].
Figure 7(a) shows the polishing effects of the number of alternating cycles on surface roughness during AFM for 25 cycles.

In crystalline materials, HPT typically leads to grain refinement and complex structure transformations.
Under the SPD processing of other amorphous alloys nanocrystallization may not be observed [10, 12], however, a structural transformation takes place, the free volume changes, a number of properties change, and so on.
As was mentioned, a partial nanocrystallization under the HPT processing of amorphous RQ Ti50Ni25Cu25 was observed earlier in a number of works [5, 6, 9].

TEM analyses show no relevant changes in the sample morphology but a small reduction of the carbon clusters number without ripening effect of clusters itself and an almost indistinguishable smoothing effect of Ni2Si grains contours at higher temperatures.
Measurements were done on a large number of devices, but for brevity in Fig. 3 only the forward and reverse characteristics of a typical device are reported.

Rapeseed oil was provided by Dantu grain and oil chemical plant, China. -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) was obtained from China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation.
Fig. 2 The gas chromatogram of RME Table 1 Main chemical composition of RMEa RME Weight percent (%) RME Weight percent (%) C14:0 0.33 C16:1 0.44 C16:0 9.35 C18:1 40.33 C18:0 3.51 C20:1 3.05 C20:0 0.79 C22:1 6.95 C22:0 0.49 C18:2 25.25 C24:0 0.22 C18:3 7.38 aCm:n is shorthand of fatty acid methyl ester. m is the number of carbon atom in fatty acid group. n is the number of double bond.

The abrasive powder is W10 with primary mean grain size of 8.1 32OAL mμ .
L Numerical formula is defined in Eq.3 ∑ −− = + − = 1 0 ,2,1 1 )( rN n rnn xy YY rN rhR （ m r ...,3,2,1,0= ； ） (3) Nm < Where r is horizontal displacement number, is maximal transverse displacement number, is sampling capability, h is sampling spacing, and are profile height in n and m Y1 N n, rnY +,2 rn + location, respectively.

Up to now, it has been reported that a rise in initial mold temperature coarsens grain size [7, 8], increases the secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) [8, 9], aggravates shrinkage porosities [8], and prolongs the solidification time [8,9,10].
Furthermore, in the highest mold temperature case, 250M in Fig. 5i, a number of clockwise/counterclockwise vortexes were produced and scattered in the ingot body.
Acknowledgements Finkl Steel-Sorel Co. for providing the technical data, casting facility, material and extensive technical discussions and the financial support from the Natural Sciences, Consortium de Recherche et d’innovation Métallique du Québec (CRITM) and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada in the form of a Collaborative Research and Development Grant (CRD) under number 536444 are gratefully acknowledged.