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Real-Time Measurement and Compensation for Wheel Wear in Curve Grinding Based on Image Processing Method Yumei Luo1,2,a and Dejin Hu1,b 1 School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, China 2 Shanghai Vocational School of CAAC, China a luo_yumei@sjtu.edu.cn; bdjhu@sjtu.edu.cn Keywords: Image processing, Grinding wheel wear, Real-time measurement, Error compensation Abstract.
Introduction In curve grinding, the major factor affected grinding accuracy is the wear of a grinding wheel.
The image would be affected by uneven lighting or other electronic noise.
CSL: Compensation Step Length Fig.2 Illustration of wheel wear measurement principle ∑∑ ≤+ = x y nm nm yxVyxf Z 1 ),,(),( 22 * θρ (3) According to the rotational invariant property of the Zernike moment, the Zernike moments of the original image Znm and that of the rotated image Znm ' has the following relationship: φjm nm nm eZZ − = ' (4) According to the definition of Zernike moment, edge parameters in Fig.4 can be given as, π π 2 00 232 11 11 20 1 2 12 3 lkllarcsink k Z h; )l( Z k; Z Z l / ' ' −+ +− = − == (5) According to the invariant properties of the Zernike moments, angle φcan be expressed as ]Re[ ]Im[ ( 11 11 Z Z arctg=φ (6) Therefore, the subpixel level edge position of the image is,       +      =      φ φ sin cos l y x y xss (7) Thus, the subpixel edge positions xs and ys could be located by l and φ, which are calculated by two Zernike moments Z20, Z11

Previous studies show that the preferred texture has a tremendous influence on the mechanical properties since the elastic modulus (E) of TiN are strongly anisotropic with E100>E111 [5-6].
That is the microstructure of the TiN films are also strongly affected by the film thickness.
For (111) texture, all six Schmid factors is 0 by calculated.
For (100) texture, Schmid factor is -1/2 for four of them and the rest two is 0 by calculated.

Lu d College of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, China, 530004 a buaahw@126.com, b gxuzs@gxu.edu.cn, c liugh@gxu.edu.cn, dlzszxf@gxu.edu.cn Key words: up-and-down method; sensitivity test; variance estimate; small sample statistics.
The statistic properties of the dual variable are closely related to the mean and the variance of the sensitivity variable.
Theoretical analysis and Monte Carlo study show that the precision of this estimate is quite high and the result is not affected by test conditions.
There are two main factors that affect the estimating precision: one is the test interval and the other is the number of test cases.
These factors must be included in the expression of 'n .

The coating composite structure itself combines two materials with rather opposite material properties and requirements.
The film heater coating has to preserve constant physical properties throughout the entire coating area.
Especially for cooking appliances the electrical properties of materials need to be determined at elevated temperatures.
Regarding the oxide coating, two physical properties are of importance: breakthrough voltage and leakage current.
The first mainly depends on coating thickness and porosity, the latter is a time dependent factor and is also affected by external influences like humidity.

Milling with intentionally invoked regenerative tool vibrations can be applied in order to generate structured surfaces with tailored friction properties on the forming tool.
These structures affect the formation of lubrication pockets during the forming process which determine the local frictional properties exceedingly.
Introduction A central aspect in the development of sheet-bulk-metal forming is the defined manipulation of the friction properties between the tool and the metal blank during the forming process.
Evaluation of the frictional properties of the milled surfaces by contact simulations Technical surfaces are always rough, so that material contact occurs only at the peaks of the surface roughness.
Furthermore he may estimate the frictional properties of this surface.

Stress, temperature and vibration in the machining zone are the three main factors that enhance the cutting tool damage [5].
The onset of shear instability in chips is associated with cutting conditions and material properties of the workpiece [15,21].
The nano-crystalline structure with the multilayer architecture, better abrasion resistance and superior adhesion properties of AlSiTiN coating makes it to perform better than TiCN [38].
These change the composition and affect the performance of cutting tool [30].
Smith, Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys, McGraw-Hill, New York (1981) [3] S.

Measurement of threshold image intensities on difference of vascular model: Effect on computational fluid dynamics for patient-specific cerebral aneurysm Mohd Azrul Hisham Mohd Adib1, a 1 Human Engineering Group (HEG), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia.
Defining the threshold image intensity in reconstructing a vascular model from DSA imaging data, which involves boundary condition, can affect the geometry of a vascular model and the results of modelling simulation.
Conclusion As a summary, the threshold image intensity values can profoundly affect to CFD analysis.
A proposed parent vessel geometry-based categorization of saccular intracranial aneurysms: computa- tional flow dynamics analysis of the risk factors for lesion rupture.
Effect of non-Newtonian property of blood on flow through stenosed tube.

Because of their good adhesive properties, superior mechanical, chemical and thermal properties, and resistance to fatigue and micro cracking, they produce high performance composites.
The fraction of radiative energy absorbed by the composite has been calculated via view factor computations thanks to the hemicube method [7].
For estimating the influence of IR radiation upon mechanical properties of the final composite piece, it would be important to achieve mechanical tests (DMA, 3-points bending, shear test …).

On the other hand, vibration-assisted machining combines metal forming and small amplitude tools vibration to get lower forming load or better products property.
The chemical composition and mechanical property is listed in Table 1 and Table 2.
Mechanical properties of C5191.
RCA is an important factor that cannot be ignored in metal surface deformation.
In this study, due to the existence of vibration, the deformation of metal foil may be affected by vibration frequency.

No evidence of thermally affected layers was found on the final polished workpiece surfaces.
Despite the report on the surface integrity of ti-6-4 heat-resistant alloy for the critical aero-engine components, no information has been reported on the properties (e.g. surface texture, sureface raughness) of the workpiece surface obtained after belt grinding/polishing especially to the GH4169 Nickel-based Superalloy.
These properties are of paramount importance for the acceptance of belt grinding as a final grinding process by the aero-engine manufacturers.
Table 2 Orthogonal test table Factor Level 1 2 3 Grinding speed（m/s） 18 26 34 Contact pressure（N） 30 60 90 Oscillation frequency（Hz） 0 2 1 The electronic scale is used for measuring the workpiece quality, its measurement accuracy is 0.1g; the stopwatch is used for recording the time of grinding; the roughness instrument TR200 is used for determination of surface roughness Ra by stylus method, which manufactured in Beijing times group.
Huang, et al: Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineerding, 30(2011)92-97 [6] D.A.