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There were several experimental requirements: a large number of measurements (many load and unload cycles each with several line scans and measuring in-situ in a loading rig), bulk rather than surface measurements and a high spatial resolution.
This refinement procedure also provided estimates for the strain uncertainty that included effects not apparent in the peak fitting (e.g. grain size problems).
The uncertainty was reduced further in the area disturbed by the pin of the friction stir welding tool, since stirring the material reduced texture and grain size effects, and also results in a reduction in the measured residual stress.
In ASME PVP, number PVP2012-78225, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2012
In ASME PVP, number PVP2006-ICPVT11-93620, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2006

These particles will retard the grain movement and also stable upon heating due the low solubility of zirconium in aluminum matrix.
These GP zones remarkably dissolve before metastable phase formation then will decrease the number of GP zones presence, while metastable precipitates have not grown up and the size of them are too small to resist the movement of dislocation, so that age hardening effect of alloy must be low at this stage.

Compared with the RuO2 sample, the RuO2-LaFeO3 sample has smaller crystalline grain size.
A further advantage is a large number of Ru-oxidation states existing at the electrode surface in the potential region the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) [2].

All the samples were cleaned by Soxhlet extraction with acetone and grain alcohol for 4h, air-dried and then rinsed thoroughly in distilled water to remove reagents, inorganic and proteinaceous materials.
Table 1 The roughness parameters of untreated and treated wool fibers Sample number Average (Ra) Root mean square (Rq) Peak-to-valley (Rpv) 0# 35.08 133.09 488.11 1# 59.30 234.62 726.23 2# 24.11 169.78 483.78 FTIR analysis The infrared spectra of the samples are shown in Fig. 2.
Table 3 Tensile properties of single wool fiber Sample number Breaking strength (deviation), [cN] Breaking extension (deviation),[%] Initial modulus (deviation), [cN/dtex] Breaking work (deviation), [mJ] 0# 6.32(1.34) 45.47(4.40) 28.76(7.94) 0.51(0.12) 1# 5.18(1.47) 45.51(6.11) 22.26(7.44) 0.41(0.13) 2# 5.07 (1.45) 48.69(8.43) 27.52(8.37) 0.44(0.15) Conclusions Wool fiber was treated by ozone-assisted treatment.

A large number of water supply plants don’t have a safe way, it has been a heavy burden for the waterworks, and caused the second-pollution on the environment [1]-[3] Ceramsite, as a kind of lightweight aggregate, attracts more attention for its light body, insulation and environment protection.
If the sludge could be made as the material which is used to fire the ceramsite, not only can solve the problems, but at the same time can dispose of a large number of sludge in the waterworks, realized the resource utilization.
Test of ceramsite quality Test items Test data grain composition (mm) 10~16 bulk density（kg/m3） 1200 strength of tube pressure(MPa) 8.0 water absorption(%) 1.0 frost resistance qualified solidity qualified Generally, bulk density and strength of tube pressure are introduced as two important parameters to assess ceramsite performance.

In this way, many common thermal spraying problems can be effectively reduced and eliminated, like oxidation, phase change, ingredients change, grain growth[3-8].
The figure 3 (b) shows that, in dry friction condition, the grinding mark in the coating material surface has obvious furrows, and there are a large number of slices of spalling pit.
With the increase of number of grinding, friction factor reaches maximum, and sticky tendency is reduced to be stable.

The conductivity enhancement of composites is caused by the presence of great number of surfaces and interfaces [5].
The presence of some voids in the sample indicates poor contact between its grains.
The increase in conductivity is attributable to an increase in amorphicity in the sample and number of free Li+ ions due to increased interactions between Li2CO3 and Al2O3 as mentioned earlier.

In particular, dislocations, microvoids, high angle grain boundaries, vacancies, and matrix impurities are all trapping sites.
Let us indicate the hydrogen concentration by c, the number of traps per unit of volume in the membrane by N, the fraction of occupied traps by q, and the diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen in the considered system by D.
If qi is the occupied fraction of the Ni irreversible traps, then (5) (6) (7) where Ni is the number of irreversible traps, ki is the capture rate per irreversible trap and qi is the occupied fraction of the Ni irreversible traps.

Rock used was medium-fine grained biotite contained granite, whose hardness is 4470 MPa and compressive strength is 179.3 MPa.
(1) Where, yi is the weight of codeposited diamond; n is the number of observations.
Number of holes Total footage [m] Duration [h] Penetration rate [m/h] 1# 8 5.6 2.25 2.49 2# 8 5.6 2.33 2.40 3# 8 5.6 3.25 1.72 Fig. 2 Diamond distribution on bit face Fig. 3 Worn bit face Conclusions In this work codeposition technique of diamond in Fe deposit was studied.

Infrared spectrum study Molecular structures of samples analysed by German Bruker company's Equinox 55 type Fourier infrared spectrometer, scope of its wave number: 4000-400cm-1; Accuracy of wave number: ≤4cm-1(4000-2000), ≤2cm-1(2000-400); Resolution: 1.5 cm -1; Through the rate of accuracy: ±0.2%T; l0 line straightness:≤±2%T.
When calcining temperature is too high, however, grain growth, the effective surface area of TiO2 is reduced, REDOX ability is reduced, TiO2 surface active hydroxyl amount is reduced, and high temperature calcining can make the crystal structure of TiO2 from anatase to rutile type, so its photocatalytic activity also decreases.