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Online since: June 2014
Authors: Narahari Marneni, Anis Shuib, Suhaib Umer Ilyas, Rajashekhar Pendyala
Maiga et al. [23] developed the following models using the experimental data of Wang et al. [22]
Early studies performed by Ahuja [3] which shows the change in fluid behavior by the addition of 50μm and 100μm diameter polystyrene spheres in glycerine.
Angue Mintsa, Viscosity data for Al2O3-water nanofluid-hysteresis: is heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids reliable?
Angue Mintsa, Temperature and particle-size dependent viscosity data for water-based nanofluids – Hysteresis phenomenon, Int.
Doucet, New temperature dependent thermal conductivity data for water-based nanofluids, Int.
Wang, Enhancement of thermal conductivity with Cu for nanofluids using chemical reduction method, Int.
Angue Mintsa, Viscosity data for Al2O3-water nanofluid-hysteresis: is heat transfer enhancement using nanofluids reliable?
Angue Mintsa, Temperature and particle-size dependent viscosity data for water-based nanofluids – Hysteresis phenomenon, Int.
Doucet, New temperature dependent thermal conductivity data for water-based nanofluids, Int.
Wang, Enhancement of thermal conductivity with Cu for nanofluids using chemical reduction method, Int.
Online since: April 2023
Authors: Upamanyu Das, Bandana Gogoi
FTIR spectroscopic data were recorded using the Thermo Fisher Scientific–Nicolet iS5 spectrometer in the range of wave numbers 4000 to 400 cm-1.
To study the thermal stability, data were recorded using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and measuring the heat from 30 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 5 ℃ per minute.
Thermal Analysis DSC data analysis.
The reduction may also be due to the spin canting effect [52, 53].
From the experimentally observed data, even at T = 10 K, the value of HC is 299 Oe, which is much higher than the value of the theoretically calculated H0 at T = 0 K.
To study the thermal stability, data were recorded using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and measuring the heat from 30 ℃ to 300 ℃ at 5 ℃ per minute.
Thermal Analysis DSC data analysis.
The reduction may also be due to the spin canting effect [52, 53].
From the experimentally observed data, even at T = 10 K, the value of HC is 299 Oe, which is much higher than the value of the theoretically calculated H0 at T = 0 K.
Online since: February 2011
Authors: Xu Sheng Kang, Cao Li, Yu Xu, Yi Shi Xu
Working from GDP data, fit a linear regression of GDP for The Pacific Rim countries to time:
(4)
(5)
By estimation, let:; Obviously, has been increasing year by year, so.
For the purpose of seeking an appropriate value for, fit an equation based on data from Table 3: (6) (7) According to data from Table 3, let:.
Acquire and compared to the real data, a conclusion that it is reasonable to do some simulation of our model can be drawn.
Because of the reduction of the production, many employees will loss their job, so the unemployment rate will go up.
Take the U.S. for example, according to the data from Bureau of Labor Statistics [13], it can be estimated that there will be 10,000 workers’ losing their job (see from the per capita GDP [13]).
For the purpose of seeking an appropriate value for, fit an equation based on data from Table 3: (6) (7) According to data from Table 3, let:.
Acquire and compared to the real data, a conclusion that it is reasonable to do some simulation of our model can be drawn.
Because of the reduction of the production, many employees will loss their job, so the unemployment rate will go up.
Take the U.S. for example, according to the data from Bureau of Labor Statistics [13], it can be estimated that there will be 10,000 workers’ losing their job (see from the per capita GDP [13]).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Lin Li, Chan Ji Shan, Jun Luo, Nan Xu
Still, μC/OS-II is the smallest micro-kernel operating system, being characterized of its source code’s publication, transplantation, solidification, reduction and exploitation [3].
The following is part of the controlling process of mold opening and closing: void Mold_Open_GatherData() { static int data_ptr=0, saved_MOC_trigger=0; static float stroke[10], velocity[10]; velocity[data_ptr] = Mold_Clamping_Velocity; stroke[data_ptr] = Mold_Clamping_Stroke; data_ptr = (data_ptr+1. %8; if ( (MOC_Trigger==1. && (saved_MOC_trigger==0) ) { Stroke_On_Stop = 0.125 * (stroke[0] + stroke[1] + stroke[2] + stroke[3] + stroke[4] + stroke[5] + stroke[6] + stroke[7]); Velocity_On_Stop = 0.125 * (velocity[0] + velocity[1] + velocity[2] + velocity[3] + velocity[4] + velocity[5] + velocity[6] + velocity[7]); } saved_MOC_trigger = MOC_Trigger; //MOC trigger: Triggered as a flag to calculte velocity when giving stop command return; } In this double-kernel system, theμC/O is simple and effective enough to grant the real-time performance of the whole system.
End_DA(); End_Counter(); End_Servor(); The reform of dual-core system stimulates the communications between human-machine interface inner data of numerical control machine tool and highlights its response performance.
The following is part of the controlling process of mold opening and closing: void Mold_Open_GatherData() { static int data_ptr=0, saved_MOC_trigger=0; static float stroke[10], velocity[10]; velocity[data_ptr] = Mold_Clamping_Velocity; stroke[data_ptr] = Mold_Clamping_Stroke; data_ptr = (data_ptr+1. %8; if ( (MOC_Trigger==1. && (saved_MOC_trigger==0) ) { Stroke_On_Stop = 0.125 * (stroke[0] + stroke[1] + stroke[2] + stroke[3] + stroke[4] + stroke[5] + stroke[6] + stroke[7]); Velocity_On_Stop = 0.125 * (velocity[0] + velocity[1] + velocity[2] + velocity[3] + velocity[4] + velocity[5] + velocity[6] + velocity[7]); } saved_MOC_trigger = MOC_Trigger; //MOC trigger: Triggered as a flag to calculte velocity when giving stop command return; } In this double-kernel system, theμC/O is simple and effective enough to grant the real-time performance of the whole system.
End_DA(); End_Counter(); End_Servor(); The reform of dual-core system stimulates the communications between human-machine interface inner data of numerical control machine tool and highlights its response performance.
Online since: November 2013
Authors: Zhi Hui Deng, Yun Hang Zhu
The priority level of amplitude data generated by OSK module is higher than that by any other modules.
Therefore, when the OSK is enabled, other amplitude data source would be covered.
Table.2 Signal Descriptions Port Description asfr Amplitude-control signal I_ddsclk DDS clock signal arr Register-bit*, interval of amplitude step accumulation or reduction, N DDS clock periods updateReset IO update signal generated by SPI delayMatchActive Delay Match Enable Signal I_oskBypass OSK module and Bypass Signal loadOskTimer Register bit osk ·Output by external pin, two times synchronizations through clock (IO update clock, the same frequency as DDS clock, different with gate-control condition) ·Auto-OSK mode: osk control oblique direction of amplitude.
Osk enable when it is 1 and disenable while 0. rampSpeedCtl Register bit*, control amplitude step. cos_bypass* DDS output data cos_q* Output data after amplitude modulation. 3.2 Manual OSK Mode In the manual-mode, the output amplitude is changed by continuous write operation of amplitude scaling factor ( i.e. asfr) in the ASF register, whose variation rate is limited by serial interface speed.
ASF Register Program Factor ASF[1:0] Add-subtract Step 00 1 01 2 10 4 11 8 When the OSK module switches to enable from disable, the data channel must be ensured to ignore temporarily OSK invalid output, and begins to receive OSK data until after the OSK pipeline delay.
Therefore, when the OSK is enabled, other amplitude data source would be covered.
Table.2 Signal Descriptions Port Description asfr Amplitude-control signal I_ddsclk DDS clock signal arr Register-bit*, interval of amplitude step accumulation or reduction, N DDS clock periods updateReset IO update signal generated by SPI delayMatchActive Delay Match Enable Signal I_oskBypass OSK module and Bypass Signal loadOskTimer Register bit osk ·Output by external pin, two times synchronizations through clock (IO update clock, the same frequency as DDS clock, different with gate-control condition) ·Auto-OSK mode: osk control oblique direction of amplitude.
Osk enable when it is 1 and disenable while 0. rampSpeedCtl Register bit*, control amplitude step. cos_bypass* DDS output data cos_q* Output data after amplitude modulation. 3.2 Manual OSK Mode In the manual-mode, the output amplitude is changed by continuous write operation of amplitude scaling factor ( i.e. asfr) in the ASF register, whose variation rate is limited by serial interface speed.
ASF Register Program Factor ASF[1:0] Add-subtract Step 00 1 01 2 10 4 11 8 When the OSK module switches to enable from disable, the data channel must be ensured to ignore temporarily OSK invalid output, and begins to receive OSK data until after the OSK pipeline delay.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Kazunari Shinagawa
Figure 3 shows the experimental data of the packing density, which was approximated by the
relative density for the specimens fired at 1073K, after binder removal.
Calculation of the packing density by Eq. (1) with the data of ρm and ρc is also demonstrated in Fig. 3 for some values of H.
The values of H determined from the data are plotted in Fig. 4.
The obtained data on S and E is plotted in Fig.7 with error bars, where the values of b and c are listed in Table 1.
S and E for X=0.8 of Compact A at 1579K were omitted from the data because the error was too large to settle them.
Calculation of the packing density by Eq. (1) with the data of ρm and ρc is also demonstrated in Fig. 3 for some values of H.
The values of H determined from the data are plotted in Fig. 4.
The obtained data on S and E is plotted in Fig.7 with error bars, where the values of b and c are listed in Table 1.
S and E for X=0.8 of Compact A at 1579K were omitted from the data because the error was too large to settle them.
Online since: May 2004
Authors: H. Güler, İ. Kadan, F. Kurtuluş, M. Kızılyallı
Results and Discussions
La:Ba:Cu (1:2:3) system: The X-ray data of the obtained product shows a new type of compound.
X-ray powder diffraction data was indexed using similar unit cell parameters.
As it was seen from the unidentified data there are lots of distortions.
In the IR data there was very weak bands of La-O around 500 cm-1 (Fig.3).
The other elements as expected were observed in the EDX data (Fig.5).
X-ray powder diffraction data was indexed using similar unit cell parameters.
As it was seen from the unidentified data there are lots of distortions.
In the IR data there was very weak bands of La-O around 500 cm-1 (Fig.3).
The other elements as expected were observed in the EDX data (Fig.5).
Online since: December 2012
Authors: Li Bai, Xiao Hang Zhang, Jia Rui Chu
The Comparative Analysis of Energy Saving and Emission Reduction of Cogeneration and Separate Generation of Heat and Electricity
Conditions of Comparison.If the annual heat and electricity generation of this project are produced respectively by cogeneration and separate generation of heat and electricity, according to the conditions and results in 2.4, the power generation efficiency of separate generation is 22.51%, the heating efficiency is 80%, and the annul operating time is 7000h.
Table 4 Coal consuption and pollutant emission of cogeneration and separate generation System Project Cogeneration Pure electricity generation Pure heating Standard coal onsumption [t] 114625 95495 20600 Coal saved by ogeneration [t] 1470 Annual SO2 emission [t] 201.74 168.7 36.256 Annual SO2emission reduced [t] 3.216 Annual NOX emission [t] 453.91 387.16 81.576 Annual NOX emission reduced [t] 14.826 Annual dust emission [t] 2.957 2.464 0.531 Annual dust emission reduced [t] 0.095 Analysis and Conclusions.According to data from the above table, we can conclude that congeneration can save 1470t standard coal compared to separate heat and electricity generation, and the energy saving effects are significant.
The following are data based on the practical operating conditions of straw power stations, which can be used to evaluate the economical benefits of cogeneration and pure electricity generation.
With the analysis of data of energy saving and emisison reducing of cogeneration under winter and summer working conditions, cogeneration has an advantage in aspects of theraml economy as well as energy saving and emission reducing compared to pure heating and pure electricity generation.
Area and Total Output of Corp Plantation of Jilin Province. data center of Chinese net work of grain, 2011-5-13 [2] Luo Jun.
Table 4 Coal consuption and pollutant emission of cogeneration and separate generation System Project Cogeneration Pure electricity generation Pure heating Standard coal onsumption [t] 114625 95495 20600 Coal saved by ogeneration [t] 1470 Annual SO2 emission [t] 201.74 168.7 36.256 Annual SO2emission reduced [t] 3.216 Annual NOX emission [t] 453.91 387.16 81.576 Annual NOX emission reduced [t] 14.826 Annual dust emission [t] 2.957 2.464 0.531 Annual dust emission reduced [t] 0.095 Analysis and Conclusions.According to data from the above table, we can conclude that congeneration can save 1470t standard coal compared to separate heat and electricity generation, and the energy saving effects are significant.
The following are data based on the practical operating conditions of straw power stations, which can be used to evaluate the economical benefits of cogeneration and pure electricity generation.
With the analysis of data of energy saving and emisison reducing of cogeneration under winter and summer working conditions, cogeneration has an advantage in aspects of theraml economy as well as energy saving and emission reducing compared to pure heating and pure electricity generation.
Area and Total Output of Corp Plantation of Jilin Province. data center of Chinese net work of grain, 2011-5-13 [2] Luo Jun.
Online since: June 2008
Authors: Susan Liao, Yi Xiang Dong, Casey K. Chan, Seeram Ramakrishna
After 30 days of degradation the PGA
nanofiber disappeared (data not shown).
The nanofibers disintegrated from 10 days and completely disappeared after 20 days (data now shown).
Broken nanofibers were observed after 25 days of degradation with and without cell culture (data not shown).
However, the nanofibers underneath the cell culture seemed to remain unaffected (data not shown).
PLGA degradation without cell culture was continued until 120 days when it broke into pieces (data not shown).
The nanofibers disintegrated from 10 days and completely disappeared after 20 days (data now shown).
Broken nanofibers were observed after 25 days of degradation with and without cell culture (data not shown).
However, the nanofibers underneath the cell culture seemed to remain unaffected (data not shown).
PLGA degradation without cell culture was continued until 120 days when it broke into pieces (data not shown).
Online since: August 2021
Authors: Ramilya F. Tazieva, Anna N. Akhmetova, Svetlana S. Vinogradova
The more specific the data regarding the bullet operation conditions, the narrower the range of possible values, while no data leads to the necessity of including the widest possible range of inputs into calculations.
Based on the data obtained, the risk value was assessed.
Simulation Data Based on the probabilistic model, we developed a software environment intended for calculating the efficiency of the horizontal settler sacrificial protection and for calculating the risk of non-achieving the required protection level (Fig. 1).
Based on the data obtained, we constructed the sacrificial protection efficiency histogram shown in Fig. 3.
Rules for Determining and Methods for Calculating Statistical Characteristics from Sample Data.
Based on the data obtained, the risk value was assessed.
Simulation Data Based on the probabilistic model, we developed a software environment intended for calculating the efficiency of the horizontal settler sacrificial protection and for calculating the risk of non-achieving the required protection level (Fig. 1).
Based on the data obtained, we constructed the sacrificial protection efficiency histogram shown in Fig. 3.
Rules for Determining and Methods for Calculating Statistical Characteristics from Sample Data.