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Online since: January 2022
Authors: Si Jia Yue, Chen Xiao Zhou, Bin Bin Cui
For solid-state lighting applications, natural white light suitable for illumination from a single emitter layer is incredibly imperative, which makes the device structure less intricate and evades the problems of self-reduction and color variability that occur in multiple emitters [5].
The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (SCXRD) were collected using a Rigaku Saturn 724 diffractometer on a rotating anode (Mo-Kα radiation, 0.71073 Å) at 170.01(10) K.
The detailed crystallographic data is shown in Tab. 1.
Tab. 1 Crystal data and structure refinement for TMGPbCl3 Empirical formula C5H14Cl3N3Pb Formula weight 429.73 Temperature/K 170.01(10) Crystal system orthorhombic Space group Pbca a/Å 7.8396(2) b/Å 18.6844(4) c/Å 32.3085(7) α/° 90 β/° 90 γ/° 90 Volume/Å3 4732.49(19) Z 8 Density (calc)/g·cm-3 2.413 Absorption coefficient/mm-1 14.896 F(000) 3168.0 Crystal size/mm3 0.3 × 0.25 × 0.1 Radiation MoKα (λ = 0.71073) 2Θ range for data collection/° 4.36 to 62.26 Index ranges -10 ≤ h ≤ 10, -27 ≤ k ≤ 19, -45 ≤ l ≤ 36 Reflections collected 29899 Independent reflections 6535[Rint = 0.0339, Rsigma = 0.0334] Data/restraints/parameters 6535/0/225 Goodness-of-fit on F2 1.043 Final R indexes [I>=2σ (I)] R1 = 0.0374, wR2 = 0.0827 Final R indexes [all data] R1 = 0.0585, wR2 = 0.0894 Largest diff. peak/hole/e Å-3 2.08/-1.85 Fig. 1 The synthesis and structure description of TMGPbCl3.
The single-crystal X-ray diffraction data (SCXRD) were collected using a Rigaku Saturn 724 diffractometer on a rotating anode (Mo-Kα radiation, 0.71073 Å) at 170.01(10) K.
The detailed crystallographic data is shown in Tab. 1.
Tab. 1 Crystal data and structure refinement for TMGPbCl3 Empirical formula C5H14Cl3N3Pb Formula weight 429.73 Temperature/K 170.01(10) Crystal system orthorhombic Space group Pbca a/Å 7.8396(2) b/Å 18.6844(4) c/Å 32.3085(7) α/° 90 β/° 90 γ/° 90 Volume/Å3 4732.49(19) Z 8 Density (calc)/g·cm-3 2.413 Absorption coefficient/mm-1 14.896 F(000) 3168.0 Crystal size/mm3 0.3 × 0.25 × 0.1 Radiation MoKα (λ = 0.71073) 2Θ range for data collection/° 4.36 to 62.26 Index ranges -10 ≤ h ≤ 10, -27 ≤ k ≤ 19, -45 ≤ l ≤ 36 Reflections collected 29899 Independent reflections 6535[Rint = 0.0339, Rsigma = 0.0334] Data/restraints/parameters 6535/0/225 Goodness-of-fit on F2 1.043 Final R indexes [I>=2σ (I)] R1 = 0.0374, wR2 = 0.0827 Final R indexes [all data] R1 = 0.0585, wR2 = 0.0894 Largest diff. peak/hole/e Å-3 2.08/-1.85 Fig. 1 The synthesis and structure description of TMGPbCl3.
Online since: May 2012
Authors: Guang Quan Xu, Qing Qing Li, Xiao Wen He
Fig.1 Filling with water movement of air bag structure experiment device
Water movement of test monitoring devices
In the experiment, TS-3 type of soil moisture movement parameters to be automatic acquisition system information, of filling structure model of different depth water potential, moisture content, conductivity, temperature, humidity and other parameters of the digital signal continuous monitoring, and by using the computer system to collect data.
Software is moisture movement monitoring control system, the main functions: parameter setting, data acquisition, and data display menu functions.
Water movement of test monitoring devices In the experiment, TS-3 type of soil moisture movement parameters to be automatic acquisition system information, of filling structure model of different depth water potential, moisture content, conductivity, temperature, humidity and other parameters of the digital signal continuous monitoring, and by using the computer system to collect data.
Software is moisture movement monitoring control system, the main functions: parameter setting, data acquisition, and data display menu functions.
Fig.3 The water potential curves of the soil-fly ash unsaturated zone The vertical distribution of the law The figure 4, filling structure with the water bag gas model in vertical direction of the reduction of has a distinct trend, soil and water potential of filling material with depth, the increase gradually reduced, but the attenuation rate by temperature, humidity and other factors, the change of the water there are some differences. 0 ~ 10 cm of surface soil of the influence of air flow are the most obvious, soil moisture be lost faster, the linear decrease water potential basic trend; 10 cm ~ 25 cm soil layer of the relative to the attenuation trend surface soil relatively slow, the water in 120 cmH2O keep within the scope of the following; 40 cm below and soil and filling layer material from the evaporation almost effect, but the pore water through the capillary tiny capillary channel supplies the upper of soil water, making the water almost no change.
Software is moisture movement monitoring control system, the main functions: parameter setting, data acquisition, and data display menu functions.
Water movement of test monitoring devices In the experiment, TS-3 type of soil moisture movement parameters to be automatic acquisition system information, of filling structure model of different depth water potential, moisture content, conductivity, temperature, humidity and other parameters of the digital signal continuous monitoring, and by using the computer system to collect data.
Software is moisture movement monitoring control system, the main functions: parameter setting, data acquisition, and data display menu functions.
Fig.3 The water potential curves of the soil-fly ash unsaturated zone The vertical distribution of the law The figure 4, filling structure with the water bag gas model in vertical direction of the reduction of has a distinct trend, soil and water potential of filling material with depth, the increase gradually reduced, but the attenuation rate by temperature, humidity and other factors, the change of the water there are some differences. 0 ~ 10 cm of surface soil of the influence of air flow are the most obvious, soil moisture be lost faster, the linear decrease water potential basic trend; 10 cm ~ 25 cm soil layer of the relative to the attenuation trend surface soil relatively slow, the water in 120 cmH2O keep within the scope of the following; 40 cm below and soil and filling layer material from the evaporation almost effect, but the pore water through the capillary tiny capillary channel supplies the upper of soil water, making the water almost no change.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Wei Cheng, Ming Yi Xia, Yun Feng Wang
By comparing test results, this paper analysis the effect to test results from dynamic characteristic of test table, so we have designed two forms of brackets: one has a form of four-arc pillars of low stiffness (A); another has a same superstructure with the original CMG’s vibration test bracket(B)and its purpose as follows:
(1) Test the dynamic characteristics with the applications of the two brackets installed CMG and its simulating parts, and provide the basis of the test data for the analysis of structural stiffness and mass coupling characteristics of the test bench with CMG;
(2) Test the disturbance vibration with the applications of the two brackets installed CMG and its simulating parts, and provide the basis of the test data for the analysis of the impact of test bench on the measurement of the disturbance vibration of CMG.
This paper tested CMG in working condition and made the comparison of the data analysis to determine the specific meaning of every frequency and effect of different stiffness.
Although the test data obtained from the experiment is the dynamic response of the CMG and test systems is in the specific excitation, through the response data, it can reflect changes in the inherent characteristics of the CMG disturbance source.
Further, the stiffness of the bracket B is be greater than the stiffness of the bracket A, and it can be seen from waterfall, in the amplitude point of view, rigid testing for the impact of the natural frequency is significantly increased, compared to the momentum wheel, according to the conventional momentum wheel experiment, we can know that this was mainly due to the reduction of the flexible installation.
(2) The disturbance harmonic number obtained in the two kinds of measurement conditions of CMG is substantially the same, but some order of harmonics in a measurement system is a major impact in another measuring system may be set to a secondary effects; (3) In order to distinguish among different effect of three types of frequency due to the unknown of CMG’s internal parameters CMG different effect by the comparative tests of the simulate parts and real part, Through theoretical and experimental verification, it’s with high reliability, for the whole satellite data reference providing more reliable theory; (4) With the rotational speed the distribution of disturbing force of the main order harmonic obtained in the two measurements conditions, removing the influence of the natural frequency of the measuring system, is substantially the same, which can prove the reliability of the measurement results.
This paper tested CMG in working condition and made the comparison of the data analysis to determine the specific meaning of every frequency and effect of different stiffness.
Although the test data obtained from the experiment is the dynamic response of the CMG and test systems is in the specific excitation, through the response data, it can reflect changes in the inherent characteristics of the CMG disturbance source.
Further, the stiffness of the bracket B is be greater than the stiffness of the bracket A, and it can be seen from waterfall, in the amplitude point of view, rigid testing for the impact of the natural frequency is significantly increased, compared to the momentum wheel, according to the conventional momentum wheel experiment, we can know that this was mainly due to the reduction of the flexible installation.
(2) The disturbance harmonic number obtained in the two kinds of measurement conditions of CMG is substantially the same, but some order of harmonics in a measurement system is a major impact in another measuring system may be set to a secondary effects; (3) In order to distinguish among different effect of three types of frequency due to the unknown of CMG’s internal parameters CMG different effect by the comparative tests of the simulate parts and real part, Through theoretical and experimental verification, it’s with high reliability, for the whole satellite data reference providing more reliable theory; (4) With the rotational speed the distribution of disturbing force of the main order harmonic obtained in the two measurements conditions, removing the influence of the natural frequency of the measuring system, is substantially the same, which can prove the reliability of the measurement results.
Online since: July 2015
Authors: Sepideh Soltaninejad, Mohamad Deraman, Rusli Daik, Noor Ezniera Shafieza Sazali, Ellisa Hamdan, N.S.M. Nor, B.N.M. Dolah, N.H. Basri, M.R.M. Jasni
The data collected from this technique were used to calculate the specific surface area (SBET), micropore surface area (Smicro), mesopore surface area (Smeso), micropore volume (Vmicro), mesopore volume (Vmeso), total pore volume (Vtotal) and average pore diameter (Dp) of the ACMs by using the standard methods [14].
The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data, shown in Figure 1, for the ACMs, exhibit a typical shape of curve for porous carbon material, which is in general an evident for evaluating the existence of micropores and mesopores in the material [15].
Nitrogen adsorption-desorption data for ACMs.
The CV data (not shown here) recorded at the scan rates from 1 to 100 mV/sec for all the ACMs cells were further analyzed by estimating the values of specific capacitance from these data using a standard procedure [16].
Rouquerol, et al., Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas / Solid System with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity, Pure Appl.
The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm data, shown in Figure 1, for the ACMs, exhibit a typical shape of curve for porous carbon material, which is in general an evident for evaluating the existence of micropores and mesopores in the material [15].
Nitrogen adsorption-desorption data for ACMs.
The CV data (not shown here) recorded at the scan rates from 1 to 100 mV/sec for all the ACMs cells were further analyzed by estimating the values of specific capacitance from these data using a standard procedure [16].
Rouquerol, et al., Reporting Physisorption Data for Gas / Solid System with Special Reference to the Determination of Surface Area and Porosity, Pure Appl.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Xiu Ying Shen, Pei Lin Liu, Hua Bai Bu
Based on searching and read related domestic and foreign vatious database( mainly include Wangfa data resource system, Weipu China technology journal, SCI, EI Vilage, Elsevier, EBSCO, Cell Press etc.), we find that though there are some researches on the environmental management level evaluation index system, like Chen Yaobei, Wang Xueqin [1] according to the frame model theory “ driving force—state- response”, constructs the regional environment management index system frame from the angel of the environment management process, and put forward the level standard of regional environmental management evaluation model and environmental level of management evaluation index, and they take the Chongqing district as an example.
Factor analysis is done based on the survey data which optimization the evaluation index of regional industrial focus areas of ecological environment, and build a relatively complete evaluation index system of the regional industrial focus areas of ecological environment, the detail structure is as table 1.
Through a variety of measurement and calculation, comes the first level index weighting A, second level weighting Ai and some related data of membership rijk ( K=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) .
According to the data, we can get the following data, A=(0.31, 0.29, 0.40), A1=(0.23, 0.23, 0.27, 0.13, 0.14), A2=(0.05, 0.10, 0.10, 0.10, 0.05, 0.25, 0.05, 0.05, 0.15, 0.05, 0.05), A3=(0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.12, 0.10, 0.14, 0.06, 0.10, 0.04, 0.06).
Third, continue to increase the supervision of the energy-saving reduction, improve the regional ecological environment management service ability, improve the management level of Hengyang lead and zinc industry environment, practically apply saving, low carbon economy and circular sustainable development mode to the production process of lead and zinc enterprises.
Factor analysis is done based on the survey data which optimization the evaluation index of regional industrial focus areas of ecological environment, and build a relatively complete evaluation index system of the regional industrial focus areas of ecological environment, the detail structure is as table 1.
Through a variety of measurement and calculation, comes the first level index weighting A, second level weighting Ai and some related data of membership rijk ( K=1, 2, 3, 4, 5) .
According to the data, we can get the following data, A=(0.31, 0.29, 0.40), A1=(0.23, 0.23, 0.27, 0.13, 0.14), A2=(0.05, 0.10, 0.10, 0.10, 0.05, 0.25, 0.05, 0.05, 0.15, 0.05, 0.05), A3=(0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.08, 0.12, 0.10, 0.14, 0.06, 0.10, 0.04, 0.06).
Third, continue to increase the supervision of the energy-saving reduction, improve the regional ecological environment management service ability, improve the management level of Hengyang lead and zinc industry environment, practically apply saving, low carbon economy and circular sustainable development mode to the production process of lead and zinc enterprises.
Online since: August 2014
Authors: Lei Wang, Fa Ming Wu, Dian Wang, Jia Bao Jing
Recent progress in wind technology has led to cost reductions to cost levels comparable, in many cases, with conventional methods of electricity generation[1][2].
The IEC61400-1 standard definitions turbulence intensity is ratio of the wind speed standard deviation to the mean wind speed, determined from the same set of measured data samples of wind speed, and taken over a specified period of time [3].
These data are also essential to select the WECS in order to maximize efficiency and durability.
All these data are usually arranged in a histogram.
Based on the data above, the air density increases from 1.1kg/m3 and 1.225 kg/m3, which increased 11.4%, there are differences on different coordinate systems.
The IEC61400-1 standard definitions turbulence intensity is ratio of the wind speed standard deviation to the mean wind speed, determined from the same set of measured data samples of wind speed, and taken over a specified period of time [3].
These data are also essential to select the WECS in order to maximize efficiency and durability.
All these data are usually arranged in a histogram.
Based on the data above, the air density increases from 1.1kg/m3 and 1.225 kg/m3, which increased 11.4%, there are differences on different coordinate systems.
Online since: November 2016
Authors: Erwin Povoden-Karadeniz, Ernst Kozeschnik
Furthermore, it delivers key input data for the nucleation and growth models required for precipitation simulations.
In order to evaluate the energy dissipation, diffusion mobility data are thus required.
For accurate reproduction by kinetic precipitation simulation using ME-Ni databases [9], the evaluated thermodynamic equilibrium solvus needs to be close to the experimental data.
Evaluations of γ´ solvi with ME-Ni lie close to experimental data for a large variety of alloy compositions and temperatures, as shown in Fig. 1.
Thermodynamic modeling, taking into account phase diagram data of stable phases as well as first-principles results of metastable structures [19], employed in kinetic precipitation simulations, adds the suggestion of stable S-phase.
In order to evaluate the energy dissipation, diffusion mobility data are thus required.
For accurate reproduction by kinetic precipitation simulation using ME-Ni databases [9], the evaluated thermodynamic equilibrium solvus needs to be close to the experimental data.
Evaluations of γ´ solvi with ME-Ni lie close to experimental data for a large variety of alloy compositions and temperatures, as shown in Fig. 1.
Thermodynamic modeling, taking into account phase diagram data of stable phases as well as first-principles results of metastable structures [19], employed in kinetic precipitation simulations, adds the suggestion of stable S-phase.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Catarina Meireles, Celina P. Leão, José Machado
Therefore, mathematical equations, that represents the respiratory cycle; mechanical components, giving dimension and movement to the simulator; and the electronic components, allowing data acquisition and system control are some factors that must be known and synchronized.
Combined with this the graphical environment simplifies and facilitates the data imput and modification of physiological constants that characterize a given patient, enables studies of various types of physiological situations, as well as to study the influence of many variables in the human respiratory system (HRS) performance.
Therefore, the HRS simulation becomes possible when factors like mathematical equations, which represents the respiratory cycle; mechanical components, giving dimension and movement to the simulator; and the electronic components, allowing data acquisition and system control, are managed.
In the case of expiration, the process involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles leading to a reduction in the pulmonary area and consequent increase of alveolar pressure.
Hagood, Estimation of airway obstruction using oximeter plethysmograph waveform data, Respiratory Research. 6(65) (2005). doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-65 [13] E.
Combined with this the graphical environment simplifies and facilitates the data imput and modification of physiological constants that characterize a given patient, enables studies of various types of physiological situations, as well as to study the influence of many variables in the human respiratory system (HRS) performance.
Therefore, the HRS simulation becomes possible when factors like mathematical equations, which represents the respiratory cycle; mechanical components, giving dimension and movement to the simulator; and the electronic components, allowing data acquisition and system control, are managed.
In the case of expiration, the process involves the relaxation of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles leading to a reduction in the pulmonary area and consequent increase of alveolar pressure.
Hagood, Estimation of airway obstruction using oximeter plethysmograph waveform data, Respiratory Research. 6(65) (2005). doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-65 [13] E.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: T. Gurunathan
Out of circularity, out of cylindricity and diameter reduction were observed after cladding.
The summary of improved results based on the adoption of new sequence using circular beads include, Length reduction of shell = 1 mm, Maximum change to outer diameter = 2.50 mm, Maximum out of circularity in a section = 1.60 mm and Maximum cylindricity error = 2.50 mm.
In one of the typical case, after cladding, a reduction of 4 mm was observed on diameter.
Based on X and Y measurements, profile data at any point is calculated using trignometric principles.
Besides, productivity improvement by eliminating complex machining operations, the modification in connecting piece resulted in reduction of connecting piece weld length by » 50–60 % and thus helped in distortion control.
The summary of improved results based on the adoption of new sequence using circular beads include, Length reduction of shell = 1 mm, Maximum change to outer diameter = 2.50 mm, Maximum out of circularity in a section = 1.60 mm and Maximum cylindricity error = 2.50 mm.
In one of the typical case, after cladding, a reduction of 4 mm was observed on diameter.
Based on X and Y measurements, profile data at any point is calculated using trignometric principles.
Besides, productivity improvement by eliminating complex machining operations, the modification in connecting piece resulted in reduction of connecting piece weld length by » 50–60 % and thus helped in distortion control.