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Online since: June 2012
Authors: Wu Bin, Fan Chun
Polymer electrolyte is a good ion conductor in lithium-ion battery with an excellent performance in conductivity, ion mobility and ion transport number.
In the end, numbers of lithium ions have a parallel relationship with relaxation time and elongation of polymer chains.
Brooks [8] have been researched the microstructure of single crystal polymer electrolyte system that containing (PEO) macromolecules of P(EO)3(5 × 106): LiCF3SO3, its reveals crystal structure depends on the size of the grain.
In the end, numbers of lithium ions have a parallel relationship with relaxation time and elongation of polymer chains.
Brooks [8] have been researched the microstructure of single crystal polymer electrolyte system that containing (PEO) macromolecules of P(EO)3(5 × 106): LiCF3SO3, its reveals crystal structure depends on the size of the grain.
Online since: January 2012
Authors: Md Mazid Abdul, Badrul Ahsan Kazi
Here in this paper a number of literatures related to optimization of machining parameters are reviewed and the problems related to machining of these Ti-alloys including their effects are summarized.
Fig. 1 Phase diagram of the titanium alloys The microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti555.3 alloys are significantly different with respect to the quantities and morphologies of the primary alpha and the transformed beta phases as well as the grain size.
Fig. 2 Microstructure of the titanium alloys [5] Cutting Parameters for Investigation Following the outcomes of research of many researchers it is found that a number of parameters are responsible for proper machining processes.
Fig. 1 Phase diagram of the titanium alloys The microstructures of the Ti-6Al-4V and Ti555.3 alloys are significantly different with respect to the quantities and morphologies of the primary alpha and the transformed beta phases as well as the grain size.
Fig. 2 Microstructure of the titanium alloys [5] Cutting Parameters for Investigation Following the outcomes of research of many researchers it is found that a number of parameters are responsible for proper machining processes.
Online since: August 2013
Authors: Hai Xia Zheng
At present, the direct payment to farmers is mainly from land conversion on converting paddy field to dry farming and Grain for Green.
The Total Economic value to improve water quality and quantity in the Miyun reservoir River Basin can be calculated by multiplying the mean WTP with the number of affected households, using the equation below: P=Mean WTP * Househould NO (5) Where, HousehouldNo is the number of households.
The downstream area provides additional clean water source to upstream, restricting industrial and agricultural development to some extent, for example: some seriously polluting enterprises are closed or disapproved, and a series of policies, such as paddy-to-dry field and Grain-for-Green, are implemented, thus regional economic development is limited.
We use Lu to value the change of urban residents’ disposable income after the implementation of ecological compensation policy, in following formula: (7) Where, Lu denotes loss of water source county residents’ disposable income of the year i, Li denotes reference county urban residents’ disposable income in previous year, Li’ denotes water source county urban residents’ disposable income in previous year, Popi denotes reference county urban on-job workers’ population, Pop’I denotes water source county urban on-job workers’ population, and n denotes the number of years for valuation after the implementation of policies.
The Total Economic value to improve water quality and quantity in the Miyun reservoir River Basin can be calculated by multiplying the mean WTP with the number of affected households, using the equation below: P=Mean WTP * Househould NO (5) Where, HousehouldNo is the number of households.
The downstream area provides additional clean water source to upstream, restricting industrial and agricultural development to some extent, for example: some seriously polluting enterprises are closed or disapproved, and a series of policies, such as paddy-to-dry field and Grain-for-Green, are implemented, thus regional economic development is limited.
We use Lu to value the change of urban residents’ disposable income after the implementation of ecological compensation policy, in following formula: (7) Where, Lu denotes loss of water source county residents’ disposable income of the year i, Li denotes reference county urban residents’ disposable income in previous year, Li’ denotes water source county urban residents’ disposable income in previous year, Popi denotes reference county urban on-job workers’ population, Pop’I denotes water source county urban on-job workers’ population, and n denotes the number of years for valuation after the implementation of policies.
Online since: July 2023
Authors: Djubir R.E. Kembuan, Helena V. Opit, Telly S. Tangkere
Number of materials
Unit
Material name
How to make
Information
1.
50
Gram
Taro flour
1) Mix the eggs
2) Enter the taro flour little by little while mixed using a mixer
3) Then print using a sponge mold.
4) After finishing the dough is printed according to taste
2.
250
Gram
Flour
3.
5
grain
Sugar
4.
200
Gram
Margarine
5.
½
Sdt
Sp
6.
½
Sdt
Vanilla
2.
Number of materials Unit Material name How to make Information 1. 100 Gram Taro flour 1) Mix taro flour, flour, baking powder and milk powder.
Then cut according to taste. 2. 250 Gram Flour 3. 5 Grain Egg 4. 250 Gram Sugar 5. 125 Gram Liquid margarine 6. 2 Sdm Milk powder Baking powder 7. ¼ Sdt SP 8. 1 Sdt Cheese 9. 500 Gram Butter Cream Table 5.
Questionnaires are a number of written questions made using a hedonic scale.
Number of materials Unit Material name How to make Information 1. 100 Gram Taro flour 1) Mix taro flour, flour, baking powder and milk powder.
Then cut according to taste. 2. 250 Gram Flour 3. 5 Grain Egg 4. 250 Gram Sugar 5. 125 Gram Liquid margarine 6. 2 Sdm Milk powder Baking powder 7. ¼ Sdt SP 8. 1 Sdt Cheese 9. 500 Gram Butter Cream Table 5.
Questionnaires are a number of written questions made using a hedonic scale.
Online since: May 2020
Authors: De Fu Li, Qi Fei Zheng, Qi Wang
It was found by SEM that the recrystallization of the alloy and the coarsening of the sulfide grains appeared in both materials, which was beneficial to improve the friction performance.
With the continuous development of China's railway industry, the number of diesel locomotives continues to increase, and the number of bearing production units is gradually increasing.
Through a large number of practices, it is concluded that copper-lead alloy powders with a spherical or nearly spherical shape and an oxygen content of less than 1% can meet the requirements for the production of copper-lead-steel bimetallic bearing materials.
If the temperature is too high, it may cause shrinkage, coarse grain and cracks.
With the continuous development of China's railway industry, the number of diesel locomotives continues to increase, and the number of bearing production units is gradually increasing.
Through a large number of practices, it is concluded that copper-lead alloy powders with a spherical or nearly spherical shape and an oxygen content of less than 1% can meet the requirements for the production of copper-lead-steel bimetallic bearing materials.
If the temperature is too high, it may cause shrinkage, coarse grain and cracks.
Online since: February 2018
Authors: Leonardo Roque do Carmo Souza, Sumitra S. Kandolkar
Villages Sampled
Number for Average Sizes (height x top-width) meters
In Fields
Near Canals/ Rivers
Near Seasonal Lakes
H
1-2 m
B
1-3 m
H
2-3 m
B
3-5 m
H
3-6 m
B
3-6 m
H
6-9 m
B
3-10 m
29
317
23
4
1
Typical Bund Sections: In traditional Saraswat construction a typical unit of measurement was ‘hatt’(one hand - approximately 50 centimeters).
General Soil Parameters: Classification test (natural moisture content, specific gravity, Grain size analysis and Atterberg’s limits,) and compaction test (optimum moisture content, Maximum Dry Density)were performed on the samples A, B and C to determine the geotechnical properties of the samples.
Properties Sample A Sample B Sample C 1 Specific Gravity Gs 2.73 2.72 2.75 2 Density γ g/cc 1.68 1.65 1.72 3 Moisture Content w % 12 14 14 4 Compaction Test OMC wopt % 11 12 11 MDD γmax g/cc 1.92 1.95 1.93 5 Atterbergs Limits Liquid Limit wL % 19.5 22.6 21.5 Plastic Limit wP % 14.8 16.2 15.2 Plasticity index 4.7 6.4 6.3 6 Grain Size Distribution Gravel % 31 22 38 Sand % 55 57 45 Silt % 12 18 15 Clay % 2 3 2 7 Shear stress Parameters Cohesion Kg/cm2 2.7 2.8 2.5 Friction ° 30 35 32 Soil Stabilization Studies Many studies have been done in stabilization of lateritic soils by commercially available lime and other additives [15,16].
The discrete nature of soil makes the required constitutive relationships to be exceedingly complex needing a large number of parameters to be evaluated in order to model the soil behavior accurately, hence Geostudio Sweep/w software (Fig 7) was used to find out the seepage through the soil.
Binod Bihari Satpathy,Politico-Social and Administrative History of Ancient India, DDCE/History (M.A)/SLM/Paper-10 [14] Thapar, R., Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, London: Allen Lane, 2002 [15] B W Isah, Effect of Coconut Shell Ash on Properties of Fired Clay Brick, Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology Print ISSN: 2349-8404; Online ISSN: 2349-879X; Volume 1, Number 6; August, 2014 pp. 7-11 [16] J.
General Soil Parameters: Classification test (natural moisture content, specific gravity, Grain size analysis and Atterberg’s limits,) and compaction test (optimum moisture content, Maximum Dry Density)were performed on the samples A, B and C to determine the geotechnical properties of the samples.
Properties Sample A Sample B Sample C 1 Specific Gravity Gs 2.73 2.72 2.75 2 Density γ g/cc 1.68 1.65 1.72 3 Moisture Content w % 12 14 14 4 Compaction Test OMC wopt % 11 12 11 MDD γmax g/cc 1.92 1.95 1.93 5 Atterbergs Limits Liquid Limit wL % 19.5 22.6 21.5 Plastic Limit wP % 14.8 16.2 15.2 Plasticity index 4.7 6.4 6.3 6 Grain Size Distribution Gravel % 31 22 38 Sand % 55 57 45 Silt % 12 18 15 Clay % 2 3 2 7 Shear stress Parameters Cohesion Kg/cm2 2.7 2.8 2.5 Friction ° 30 35 32 Soil Stabilization Studies Many studies have been done in stabilization of lateritic soils by commercially available lime and other additives [15,16].
The discrete nature of soil makes the required constitutive relationships to be exceedingly complex needing a large number of parameters to be evaluated in order to model the soil behavior accurately, hence Geostudio Sweep/w software (Fig 7) was used to find out the seepage through the soil.
Binod Bihari Satpathy,Politico-Social and Administrative History of Ancient India, DDCE/History (M.A)/SLM/Paper-10 [14] Thapar, R., Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, London: Allen Lane, 2002 [15] B W Isah, Effect of Coconut Shell Ash on Properties of Fired Clay Brick, Journal of Civil Engineering and Environmental Technology Print ISSN: 2349-8404; Online ISSN: 2349-879X; Volume 1, Number 6; August, 2014 pp. 7-11 [16] J.
Online since: September 2017
Authors: Petr Louda, Hristo Bahchedzhiev, Nikolay Petkov, Pavel Kejzlar, Totka Bakalova
Secondary requirements are a fine-grained crystalline microstructure, compressive residual stress, freedom from cracks and smooth surface morphology.
Coatings thicknesses (d) are measured by the Calotest method, using a 30-mm hard steel ball and an abrasive diamond paste with 0.1µm monocrystalline diamond grains.
An increase in the arc current (from 85 to 125) leads to an increase in Sa of 25%, and Sz and Sq of almost 50% and 30%, respectively, due to the increase in the size and number of droplets (Fig. 1, 2 and 3).
An increase in the arc current by 47% (from 85A to 125A) leads to: an increase in the coating thickness (of approximately 50%), hardness (more than double), and the elastic module (almost double); an expected change in the chemical composition of the coating (Table 2), an increase in droplet size (Fig. 3) and coating density (reducing the amount of absorbed oxygen (Table 2)); a decrease by approximately 13% of the adhesion (both values LC1 and LC2); an increase in Sa by 25%, and Sz and Sq by almost 50% and 30%, respectively, due to the increase in the size and number of droplets; a decrease in the coefficient of friction, which is registered in the three investigated loads (Table 5); a reduction of both coating wear and wear rate (between 21% and 53%) at the three investigated loads (Table 6 and 7); an approximately seven-times reduction in the wear and wear rate at 3N, and an approximately three-times reduction in the wear and wear rate at 5 and 8N.
Acknowledgement This paper was supported by the project LO1201, through the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports in the framework of the targeted support of the “National Programme for Sustainability I” and the OPR&DI project “Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation” registration number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0005.We would like to thank Craig Hampson for his help with English language correction.
Coatings thicknesses (d) are measured by the Calotest method, using a 30-mm hard steel ball and an abrasive diamond paste with 0.1µm monocrystalline diamond grains.
An increase in the arc current (from 85 to 125) leads to an increase in Sa of 25%, and Sz and Sq of almost 50% and 30%, respectively, due to the increase in the size and number of droplets (Fig. 1, 2 and 3).
An increase in the arc current by 47% (from 85A to 125A) leads to: an increase in the coating thickness (of approximately 50%), hardness (more than double), and the elastic module (almost double); an expected change in the chemical composition of the coating (Table 2), an increase in droplet size (Fig. 3) and coating density (reducing the amount of absorbed oxygen (Table 2)); a decrease by approximately 13% of the adhesion (both values LC1 and LC2); an increase in Sa by 25%, and Sz and Sq by almost 50% and 30%, respectively, due to the increase in the size and number of droplets; a decrease in the coefficient of friction, which is registered in the three investigated loads (Table 5); a reduction of both coating wear and wear rate (between 21% and 53%) at the three investigated loads (Table 6 and 7); an approximately seven-times reduction in the wear and wear rate at 3N, and an approximately three-times reduction in the wear and wear rate at 5 and 8N.
Acknowledgement This paper was supported by the project LO1201, through the financial support of the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports in the framework of the targeted support of the “National Programme for Sustainability I” and the OPR&DI project “Centre for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation” registration number CZ.1.05/2.1.00/01.0005.We would like to thank Craig Hampson for his help with English language correction.
Online since: January 2007
Authors: Li Qun Chen, Zheng Chen Qiu
The alloying
elements can interact with defects (such as grain boundaries, dislocations) in crystals.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 3.2.
Here ∆Q = N-Zval, where Zval is the standard number of valence electrons per atom.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b).
The numbers correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 4.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 3.2.
Here ∆Q = N-Zval, where Zval is the standard number of valence electrons per atom.
The numbers, and X, correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b).
The numbers correspond to the atoms shown in Fig.1(b). 4.
Online since: July 2024
Authors: Jia Wei Wang, Yu Kun Liu
In response to the mentioned problems revealed by the two models based on three or four particles, Yuan Wang and Yousif[5] et al. suggested that the fine particles are silted in the pores formed by the skeletal particles, resulting in the counted number of fine particles being less than the actual number, and proposed correction factors related to the compactness and particle size distribution.
The microscopic parameters such as porosity, pore volume, throat equivalent radius and coordination number are statistically analysed to obtain the real pore network model, and then the throat diameter is counted, and finally the stability of the soil interior is evaluated according to the obtained throat diameter, and the evaluation criteria are proposed. 2.
Based on the CSD curves obtained in the previous section, the percentage p of the throat larger than a certain particle size d is calculated to obtain the probability P(F) of the soil particles moving forward in the two critical states, and the number of particles that can pass through each layer can be obtained assuming that the skeletal particles are 10 layers The GSD of the particle size distribution curve, which eventually translates into fine particles, is shown in Figure 4.1.
Fig. 4.1 Prediction of Fine-grained GSD by CSD From the curves in Fig. 4.11, it can be seen that in the loosest state or in the tightest state, when the throat diameter is small, the predicted fines GSD curve is below the CSD curve, and as the throat diameter increases, the predicted fines GSD curve and the CSD curve have intersection points, indicating that the maximum throat diameter are larger than the maximum diameter of the fines, and when the fines GSD curve in the soil is on the predicted fines GSD curve left, the soil will undergo internal erosion and the soil will be internally unstable.
Conclusion In this paper, for the erosion mechanism of the suffusion research, in order to solve the existing suffusion test program can not be all-round dynamic monitoring tube welling development process, fine loose particles in the skeleton void transport process and loss law, first of all, the introduction and integration of transparent soil technology, plane laser-induced fluorescence image technology, build suffusion permeability visualization model test platform, get transparent soil samples of two-dimensional section collection; then With the help of Avzio software to transparent soil for three-dimensional reconstruction, to obtain the pore volume, pore surface area, pore equivalent radius, pore center of gravity, pore coordination number (that is, the number of connecting adjacent pores), throat area, throat equivalent radius, throat length, and throat connected with the location of the pore related parameters, the pore equivalent diameter and throat diameter distribution are
The microscopic parameters such as porosity, pore volume, throat equivalent radius and coordination number are statistically analysed to obtain the real pore network model, and then the throat diameter is counted, and finally the stability of the soil interior is evaluated according to the obtained throat diameter, and the evaluation criteria are proposed. 2.
Based on the CSD curves obtained in the previous section, the percentage p of the throat larger than a certain particle size d is calculated to obtain the probability P(F) of the soil particles moving forward in the two critical states, and the number of particles that can pass through each layer can be obtained assuming that the skeletal particles are 10 layers The GSD of the particle size distribution curve, which eventually translates into fine particles, is shown in Figure 4.1.
Fig. 4.1 Prediction of Fine-grained GSD by CSD From the curves in Fig. 4.11, it can be seen that in the loosest state or in the tightest state, when the throat diameter is small, the predicted fines GSD curve is below the CSD curve, and as the throat diameter increases, the predicted fines GSD curve and the CSD curve have intersection points, indicating that the maximum throat diameter are larger than the maximum diameter of the fines, and when the fines GSD curve in the soil is on the predicted fines GSD curve left, the soil will undergo internal erosion and the soil will be internally unstable.
Conclusion In this paper, for the erosion mechanism of the suffusion research, in order to solve the existing suffusion test program can not be all-round dynamic monitoring tube welling development process, fine loose particles in the skeleton void transport process and loss law, first of all, the introduction and integration of transparent soil technology, plane laser-induced fluorescence image technology, build suffusion permeability visualization model test platform, get transparent soil samples of two-dimensional section collection; then With the help of Avzio software to transparent soil for three-dimensional reconstruction, to obtain the pore volume, pore surface area, pore equivalent radius, pore center of gravity, pore coordination number (that is, the number of connecting adjacent pores), throat area, throat equivalent radius, throat length, and throat connected with the location of the pore related parameters, the pore equivalent diameter and throat diameter distribution are
Online since: December 2010
Authors: Abu Bakar Sulong, Norhamidi Muhamad, Farhana Mohd Foudzi, Hafizawati Zakaria
Grain shape for YSZ particle is near spherical with the diameter range between 21.2 – 33.5nm while the CPVP shows the highest powder loading was 41.4%.
As the powder loading increased, so does the torque of the mixing due to the number of particles of nano size YSZ increased, thus the friction that act between each particles will increased.
As the powder loading increased, so does the torque of the mixing due to the number of particles of nano size YSZ increased, thus the friction that act between each particles will increased.