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It is used in the manufacture of a number of useful alloys such as (Cu-Al), brass and bronze and in sea water applications due to its high resistance to corrosion [6,7].
The Materials The base materials used in the present article are copper (Cu) metal with a grain size (325 mish) and of Indian origin from the manufacture of (CDH) company with a purity of 99.5%, and also a fixed percentage of silicon carbide (SiC) with a grain size (500 mish), originally from Fluka company with 99.5% purity.
As for the support material, (ZrO2, grain size 30 ± 5 nm), German origin from (Changasha Santech Co.), with 99.94% purity was used. 2.

The rate of material removal also increases as more number of spark strikes on the surface causes more amounts of melting and vapourization of metal from the workpiece surface.The MRR and surface roughness mainly depend on the concentration of the the powder, electrical conductivity of the powder and applied voltage.
Singh et al. [3] have attemted an experiment with aluminium micro-powder on hastelloy steel where the effects of concentration of powder and grain size are investigated on MRR and tool wear rate.
The result from main effect plot shows that the MRR and tool wear rate increase first with increase of powder concentration and grain size first but decreases then.
From the result it is seen that the grain size becomes smaller in Al additive based machining which causes more strength and hardness of the surface.

incubation. 2.1.3 Cementation Mixtures A composition of 10 g NH4Cl, 3 g nutrient broth, 2.12 g NaHCO3, 2.80 g CaCl2 in addition 20 g urea, per liter of distilled water, was used as cementation reagent for the study. 2.1.4 Chemical Structure of Laboratory Simulated Leachate The chemical composition of laboratory simulated leachate is made up of table salt as well as monosodium glutamate gotten from normal crops, added to the municipal solid waste soaked in water. 2.2 Methods 2.2.1 Isolation process of Bacillus coagulans Species The processes involved in the isolation of the microbial species from the soil known as the serial dilution [19]. 2.2.2 Microbial Culturing Media and Growth Environments The processes and methods adopted for preparing the culture media as well as the growth conditions are based on the recommendations of Stocks-Fischer et al. [20]. 2.2.3 Hydraulic Conductivity Measurement Falling head approach was used for the test since the soil sample used is a fine-grained
Results and Discussion 3.1 Index Properties Results of study on the soil materials show that it is fine-grained with 11.3% as the value of its moisture content in the natural form.
However, considering soil samples permeated with leachate as permeating fluid, micrograph depicts a coarse grain appearance with cemented surface morphology.
Francisca and Glatstein [29] described the existence of microbes in leachate reduced meaningfully in magnitude for hydraulic conductivity samples subjected to a long duration of time, measured by right observing the number of the existing microbes in the permeating liquid.

Elastic deformation of grain Elastic deformation Pile-up Removed (a) Three phases of surface grinding (b) Five phases of cylindrical grinding Fig. 1.
Interactions between single grain and workpiece Along the grinding arc area, from the cut-in to cut-out, the grinding chip thickness is not constant, the undeformed chip thickness gradually increases in the cut-in and then gradually decreases after entering the cut-out, that the heat flow from the cut-in to cut-out will increase and then decreases, in such case, the traditional triangular heat flux distribution model is no longer suitable to predict the temperature in the grinding arc area.
For the assumed quadratic curve heat flux distribution model, the heat flux to the workpiece is given by a 2nd order polynomial function (1) In the case of the quadratic heat flux distribution, the heat source in the grinding arc area can be viewed as the formation of unlimited number of line heat source that first increases and then decreases continuously with the changes in heat intensity q(xi)=Axi2+Bxi.
As we know there are normally two kinds of grinding signals about the temperature signal, background signal and peak signal, where the background corresponds to the temperature on the ground workpiece surface, the peak temperature corresponds to the temperature at grinding point of single grain.

- Deflocculating the cement grains, which is obtained by the use of organic products (condensed Formaldehyde and Melamine sulfunate or Naphthalene sulfunate), allows the cement grains in suspension in water to regain their original granularity [10].
This path leads to a significant reduction in the necessary amount of water [11], since high proportion of it, is no more, as in ordinary concrete, trapped in flocks of cement grains, and therefore is not useful for workability
However, considering the cost of additions and additives, this method allows getting the best price and takes account of the rapid loss of workability, hence the interest of a rational method of composition, leading to the control a great number of parameters with a minimum testing.

The waste brick dust was dried at 105 °C to a constant weight and then ground in a ball mill to a grain size of less than 0.3 mm (D10 = 0.885 µm, D50 = 9.600 µm and D90 = 155.416 µm).
Table 1 Tomographic data acquisition parameters Geometric parameters AAAS composite Concrete before loading Concrete after loading X-Ray source–detector distance (mm) 349.9 359.9 359.6 X-Ray source–object distance (mm) 234.0 225.0 240.5 Projection magnification (×) 1.5 1.6 1.5 Pixel size (µm) 50.02 46.76 50.03 X-Ray source parameters Accelerating voltage (kV) 230.0 230.0 230.0 Target current (µA) 190.0 195.0 210.0 Target power (W) 43.7 44.8 48.3 Image data acquisition Exposure time (ms) 240 250 230 Image averaging (×) 4 4 4 Number of projections (–) 2400 1800 1800 Tomographically obtained 3D models of the concrete were compared using a module for digital volume correlation.
From the observation of AAAS composites, it is additionally evident that the cracks pass through the matrix and pores, but not the grains of brick dust, where they copy the interfacial transition zone.
Aside from the applied load during the compressive test, the process of the production of test specimens, the size and distribution of the pores and grains of brick dust, and the possible presence of cracks caused by the maturation of the specimens may all play a role in this behaviour.

All the samples were cleaned by Soxhlet extraction with acetone and grain alcohol for 4h, air-dried and then rinsed thoroughly in distilled water to remove reagents, inorganic and proteinaceous materials.
Table 1 The roughness parameters of untreated and treated wool fibers Sample number Average (Ra) Root mean square (Rq) Peak-to-valley (Rpv) 0# 35.08 133.09 488.11 1# 59.30 234.62 726.23 2# 24.11 169.78 483.78 FTIR analysis The infrared spectra of the samples are shown in Fig. 2.
Table 3 Tensile properties of single wool fiber Sample number Breaking strength (deviation), [cN] Breaking extension (deviation),[%] Initial modulus (deviation), [cN/dtex] Breaking work (deviation), [mJ] 0# 6.32(1.34) 45.47(4.40) 28.76(7.94) 0.51(0.12) 1# 5.18(1.47) 45.51(6.11) 22.26(7.44) 0.41(0.13) 2# 5.07 (1.45) 48.69(8.43) 27.52(8.37) 0.44(0.15) Conclusions Wool fiber was treated by ozone-assisted treatment.

A large number of water supply plants don’t have a safe way, it has been a heavy burden for the waterworks, and caused the second-pollution on the environment [1]-[3] Ceramsite, as a kind of lightweight aggregate, attracts more attention for its light body, insulation and environment protection.
If the sludge could be made as the material which is used to fire the ceramsite, not only can solve the problems, but at the same time can dispose of a large number of sludge in the waterworks, realized the resource utilization.
Test of ceramsite quality Test items Test data grain composition (mm) 10~16 bulk density（kg/m3） 1200 strength of tube pressure(MPa) 8.0 water absorption(%) 1.0 frost resistance qualified solidity qualified Generally, bulk density and strength of tube pressure are introduced as two important parameters to assess ceramsite performance.

The conductivity enhancement of composites is caused by the presence of great number of surfaces and interfaces [5].
The presence of some voids in the sample indicates poor contact between its grains.
The increase in conductivity is attributable to an increase in amorphicity in the sample and number of free Li+ ions due to increased interactions between Li2CO3 and Al2O3 as mentioned earlier.

In particular, dislocations, microvoids, high angle grain boundaries, vacancies, and matrix impurities are all trapping sites.
Let us indicate the hydrogen concentration by c, the number of traps per unit of volume in the membrane by N, the fraction of occupied traps by q, and the diffusion coefficient of the hydrogen in the considered system by D.
If qi is the occupied fraction of the Ni irreversible traps, then (5) (6) (7) where Ni is the number of irreversible traps, ki is the capture rate per irreversible trap and qi is the occupied fraction of the Ni irreversible traps.