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Online since: October 2013
Authors: Hao Guo, Jun Ye Li, Teng Fei Ma
processing, while high volume fraction is suitable for one piece polishing.
3.2 The pressure and processing quality
Using one inlet and eight outlets for the simulation processing of common-rail pipe, and abrasive volume fraction is 0.4, we select the inlet and outlet pressure of 2and 1, 4and 3, 5and 3, 8and 5, and could obtain dynamic pressure, velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy contours of machining process as shown in Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figure 10 :
a)2and 1 b) 4and 3 c)5and 3 d)8and 5
Fig.8 The contours of dynamic pressure
a)2and 1 b) 4and 3 c)5and 3 d)8and 5
Fig.9 The contours of velocity vector
a)2and 1 b) 4and 3 c)5and 3 d)8and 5
Fig.10 The contours of turbulent kinetic energy
It can be seen from Figure 8 and Figure 9 and Figure 10, with the pressure difference between inlet and outlet becoming larger, the dynamic pressure, velocity vector, turbulent kinetic energy of abrasive flow in common-rail pipe is also increasing, and the number
With the pressure difference between inlet and outlet becoming larger, the number of abrasive contact with machining surface will increase, which can help to improve the efficiency of polishing.
Experimental investigation into cutting forces and active grain density during abrasive flow machining[J].
With the pressure difference between inlet and outlet becoming larger, the number of abrasive contact with machining surface will increase, which can help to improve the efficiency of polishing.
Experimental investigation into cutting forces and active grain density during abrasive flow machining[J].
Online since: May 2015
Authors: Kok Tee Lau, Mohd Zulkefli Selamat, Ridhwan Jumaidin, Nurulfazielah Nasir, Suhaila Salleh
The results show that increasing sintering temperature proportionally increases number of pores in the porous ceramic sample.
This finding is equivalent with the finding by Han et.al [8] in which when the sintering temperature is increased, the particles grow up and turn into large particle grains.
From these results, using yeast as pore-forming agent yields bigger size but less number of pores in porous ceramic compared to using aluminium powder with polymeric spheres mixture.
This finding is equivalent with the finding by Han et.al [8] in which when the sintering temperature is increased, the particles grow up and turn into large particle grains.
From these results, using yeast as pore-forming agent yields bigger size but less number of pores in porous ceramic compared to using aluminium powder with polymeric spheres mixture.
Online since: May 2014
Authors: Yong Qing Wang, Jing Tian Tang, Xing Po Ma
In [13], the authors investigate the problem of finding a routing structure which can minimize the number of transmitted packets, and it is shown that routing packets on any two shortest path trees does not affect the effectiveness of data aggregation significantly.
In Table 1, ld denotes the size of a data item, R denotes the communication radius of a sensor node, Esent and Ercv denote the energy consumption by sending and receiving one bit of data respectively,mi denotes the number of data items generated in one epoch, Lquery denotes the bit length of a top-k query, and QR denotes the query region.
Verifiable fine-grained top-k queries in tiered sensor networks, In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2010
In Table 1, ld denotes the size of a data item, R denotes the communication radius of a sensor node, Esent and Ercv denote the energy consumption by sending and receiving one bit of data respectively,mi denotes the number of data items generated in one epoch, Lquery denotes the bit length of a top-k query, and QR denotes the query region.
Verifiable fine-grained top-k queries in tiered sensor networks, In Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM, 2010
Online since: March 2013
Authors: Song Li, Xiu Fang Sun, Jin Xi Mao
A large number of crop straws burned by farmers have great effect on the environment.Using of waste straws and rejected forest products as raw materials for production of decorative materials not only alleviates the shortage of wood supply, to make up for the lack of wood products, and fully complies with our national industrial policies of resource conservation and environmental protection to reduce air pollution.It is rated as a marvelous project of resource recycling utilization.
What’s more,the production cost is so high that the utilization rate of printing membrane materials can only reach 30%.Meanwhile, It would produce a large number of water pollution and air pollution in the process of production,that belongs to non-environmentally friendly production and non-environmentally friendly product ,so as to impede the development and application of water printing technology as a consequence.
Production process and excellent performance The technology of water printing ecological wood materials process abandoned crops such as maize straw, bean stalks, rice husk and sawdust into plant powder, and then add a certain amount of PVC used as raw materials in the extrusion equipment for pultrusion processing into various specifications of sections,plates and wires.However, the surface of the processed products is a substrate of a single color, and can not be applied directly.Thus it is indispensable to apply water printing technology to dip-coating print a variety of wood grain patterns on the surface of the products, and then process them into doors, floors and furniture products to meet the environmental performance of non-toxic, odorless, zero-formaldehyde, no harmful gas release, and can be recycled.
What’s more,the production cost is so high that the utilization rate of printing membrane materials can only reach 30%.Meanwhile, It would produce a large number of water pollution and air pollution in the process of production,that belongs to non-environmentally friendly production and non-environmentally friendly product ,so as to impede the development and application of water printing technology as a consequence.
Production process and excellent performance The technology of water printing ecological wood materials process abandoned crops such as maize straw, bean stalks, rice husk and sawdust into plant powder, and then add a certain amount of PVC used as raw materials in the extrusion equipment for pultrusion processing into various specifications of sections,plates and wires.However, the surface of the processed products is a substrate of a single color, and can not be applied directly.Thus it is indispensable to apply water printing technology to dip-coating print a variety of wood grain patterns on the surface of the products, and then process them into doors, floors and furniture products to meet the environmental performance of non-toxic, odorless, zero-formaldehyde, no harmful gas release, and can be recycled.
Online since: November 2017
Authors: Kateřina Opatová, Dagmar Bublíková, Bohuslav Mašek, Štěpán Jeníček
The reason is that it is a complex process, in which a number of parameters must be optimized.
Fig. 1 Prior austenite grain identified in a martensitic matrix after Q&P processing Fig. 2 Physical simulation in a thermomechanical simulator Experimental Programme For this experiment, three new experimental steels were created whose special chemistries lowered the Ms and Mf temperatures (Tab. 1).
Table 2 Heat treatment parameters and resulting mechanical properties Sequence number/steel TA [°C]/tA Cooling rate QT PT [°C/s] /tPT HV10 [-] Rm A5mm RA type [s] [°C/s] [°C] [s] [MPa] [%] [%] 1/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 250/600 587 2135 8 - 1/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 250/600 594 2137 10 - 1/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 250/600 587 2167 10 13 2/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 300/600 487 1799 11 - 2/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 300/600 518 1943 13 18 2/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 300/600 453 1660 13 - 3/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 400/600 488 1727 11 - 3/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 400/600 478 1842 14 36 3/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 400/600 490 1750 13 - 4/AHSS1 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 488 2308 11 8 4/AHSS2 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 521 2025 10 - 4/AHSS3 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 507 1864 8 - In the Q&P process, the soaking temperature (TA) was set at 850 °C and the time at temperature was 600 s.
Fig. 1 Prior austenite grain identified in a martensitic matrix after Q&P processing Fig. 2 Physical simulation in a thermomechanical simulator Experimental Programme For this experiment, three new experimental steels were created whose special chemistries lowered the Ms and Mf temperatures (Tab. 1).
Table 2 Heat treatment parameters and resulting mechanical properties Sequence number/steel TA [°C]/tA Cooling rate QT PT [°C/s] /tPT HV10 [-] Rm A5mm RA type [s] [°C/s] [°C] [s] [MPa] [%] [%] 1/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 250/600 587 2135 8 - 1/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 250/600 594 2137 10 - 1/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 250/600 587 2167 10 13 2/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 300/600 487 1799 11 - 2/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 300/600 518 1943 13 18 2/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 300/600 453 1660 13 - 3/AHSS1 850/100 1 150 400/600 488 1727 11 - 3/AHSS2 850/100 1 150 400/600 478 1842 14 36 3/AHSS3 850/100 1 150 400/600 490 1750 13 - 4/AHSS1 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 488 2308 11 8 4/AHSS2 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 521 2025 10 - 4/AHSS3 850/100 0,5 150 200/600 507 1864 8 - In the Q&P process, the soaking temperature (TA) was set at 850 °C and the time at temperature was 600 s.
Online since: January 2019
Authors: Alexander Vitalyevich Ozolin, Lev Ivanovich Svistun, Svetlana Alexandrovna Arefieva, Evgeniy Georgiyevich Sokolov
Metallic binders of diamond tools designed for processing hard ceramic and mineral materials have to feature a high resistance to abrasive wear under the action of particles of the material being processed and to retain diamond grains securely.
The backscattered electron microstructure images were obtained with contrast depending on the atomic numbers of the components.
This is confirmed by copper forming a number of intermetallic compounds with tin while with cobalt it forms a system with limited solubility and peritectic transformation.
The backscattered electron microstructure images were obtained with contrast depending on the atomic numbers of the components.
This is confirmed by copper forming a number of intermetallic compounds with tin while with cobalt it forms a system with limited solubility and peritectic transformation.
Online since: May 2007
Authors: Gun Dae Lee, Seong Soo Park, Seong Soo Hong, Tae Gun Kim, Hae Joeng Kim, Jeong Ja Kim, Sung Woong Kim
The crystallite grain size was estimated according to Scherrer formula [5].
It was also suggested that poorly crystalline powder or powder with small crystallite sizes would contain a larger number of lattice defects, such as interstitial ions or ion vacancies, and the fewer the number of defects present in the crystals, the slower the conversion to rutile [10].
It was also suggested that poorly crystalline powder or powder with small crystallite sizes would contain a larger number of lattice defects, such as interstitial ions or ion vacancies, and the fewer the number of defects present in the crystals, the slower the conversion to rutile [10].
Online since: October 2007
Authors: T. Hepuţ, Marius Ardelean, Erika Ardelean
Thus, there were recorded a number of 169 dumps for industrial wastes
which are under the stipulations of Directive 1999/31/EC, of which: 66 spoil banks for solid wastes;
52 slag and ash dumps, 40 storage pits (others than those for wastes from the extractive industry);
11 sludge ponds (other than those for wastes from the extractive industry). [6]
The great waste quantities that exist both nation - and worldwide made necessary the
accomplishment of some practical attempts for their processing and reintroducing into the economic
circuit.
The way of carrying out the mixes (mixing formula) was made based on a technological fabrication flow (Figure 1), which foresaw the material grinding with the aid of a Kollergang mill, followed by a grain-size sorting made with the aid of a "Analysette 3" Fritsch vibrating sieving machine (the fraction used was less than 250µm); the material dosage was made based on the pre-established mixing formulae with the aid of a Sartorius technical balance and the homogenising was made with a homogenising barrel.
Results and Discussions In order to obtained this covering and insulating powders, some factors are important: - the covering material shall not react with the steel; - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other gases and noxes shall not be released; - the metal bath shall not be contaminated with oxides or other inclusion types; - the liquid slag layer formed at the surface of the hot metal shall reduce the heat release to the open, as much as possible, thus decreasing the steel temperature; - the covering layer shall be capable to absorb all the impurities from the steel, but it shall not become so fluid that it could be absorbed in the Tundish holes, because in this way it might be driven into the mould, when the bath level in the Tundish decreases; - the covering compound shall not form a hard crust that could clog the monoblocks and it might make temperature measurement difficult. [5] A number of 5 mixing formulae were experimented, whose chemical composition
The way of carrying out the mixes (mixing formula) was made based on a technological fabrication flow (Figure 1), which foresaw the material grinding with the aid of a Kollergang mill, followed by a grain-size sorting made with the aid of a "Analysette 3" Fritsch vibrating sieving machine (the fraction used was less than 250µm); the material dosage was made based on the pre-established mixing formulae with the aid of a Sartorius technical balance and the homogenising was made with a homogenising barrel.
Results and Discussions In order to obtained this covering and insulating powders, some factors are important: - the covering material shall not react with the steel; - hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, or other gases and noxes shall not be released; - the metal bath shall not be contaminated with oxides or other inclusion types; - the liquid slag layer formed at the surface of the hot metal shall reduce the heat release to the open, as much as possible, thus decreasing the steel temperature; - the covering layer shall be capable to absorb all the impurities from the steel, but it shall not become so fluid that it could be absorbed in the Tundish holes, because in this way it might be driven into the mould, when the bath level in the Tundish decreases; - the covering compound shall not form a hard crust that could clog the monoblocks and it might make temperature measurement difficult. [5] A number of 5 mixing formulae were experimented, whose chemical composition
Online since: July 2008
Authors: R.D. Knutsen, L. Ivanchev, H.P. Burger, Gonasagren Govender, G. Kunene
There have been a number of reported studies on the laser welding of
wrought aluminium alloys.
This is due to the modification effect of strontium which increases the number of nucleation sites for the eutectic Si.
After the inspection of the grain structure in the fracture surface, it was also observed that the mode of fracture was ductile dimple fracture.
This is due to the modification effect of strontium which increases the number of nucleation sites for the eutectic Si.
After the inspection of the grain structure in the fracture surface, it was also observed that the mode of fracture was ductile dimple fracture.