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Online since: November 2013
Authors: Yu Li, Li Hua Zhao, Da Qiang Cang, Xian Bin Ai
Table 1 The basic data of the 1780m3 blast furnace hot stove (a) Hot stove working parameters Item Gas Air Cold air Hot air temp.
The data for calculation are listed in Table 1.
Actual flue gas generation amount is obtained from the following formula: Vns = V0 + [a(1 + 0.00124gk) - 1] ´ L0g (6) where the theoretical amount of dry air L0g = 0.0238 (H2g + COg) + 0.0952 CH4g (7) The theoretical amount of flue gas generated V0 V0 = 0.01 ´ (COg + 3CH4g + CO2g + H2g + N2g + H2Og) + 0.79 L0g (8) Dry air moisture gk is obtained from theory table according to the environment temperature ,in this case gk = 8.9 g/m3; air ratio a is the average value of data from flu gas tester, in this case a = 1.07.
Thermal balance calculated by the program based on the above data and the formulas are given in Table 5.
Conclusion 1 The improvement of the hot stove checker’s emission rate can increase the radiation heat transfer and the heat release, thereby improve the stove thermal efficiency, reduce the gas amount, and raise air temperature, and what the most important is the energy-saving effect obtained. 2 The radiation rate of the checker can be increased by spraying the specific paint on the checker surface, it is found that from the thermal equilibrium calculated on the condition of a steel data that the heat efficiency of the hot stove coated with the specific paint is 3.49% higher, hot air heat is 3.01% more than the one which is not coated with the paint, the energy utilization is increased, meanwhile, the gas consumption is 6.25% less.
Online since: October 2006
Authors: James D. Scofield, Bang Hung Tsao, Howard E. Smith
Although a doped layer typically will not alter composition enough to affect S and hence [Cs] and Φ, such an empirical approach was suggested here by the appearance of the data.
Figure 4 shows the Cs+ beam raw data.
As for an empirical correction, the sputtered flux of Al0 is unfortunately not directly observable in the SIMS data.
A correction for CsAl+ yield requires a correction for both the Cs0 and Al+ precursors; as with Al0, sputtered flux of Cs0 is not directly observable in the SIMS data.
CsAl+ Al + C + cesium primary beam Fig. 4 SIMS raw data from Cs analysis showing response of C+ signal to Al implant.
Online since: October 2009
Authors: Chang Hua Qiu, Shang Liu, Dong Yan Shi
The Rules are:  Translate the value of coefficient into '0' for crisp data or '[0,0,0]' for linguistic data after the contradiction broken, if there was a technical contradiction before the broken process
 Translate the value of coefficient into '1' for crisp data or '[1,1,1]' for linguistic data after the contradiction broken, if there was a physical contradiction before the broken process.
All data of solutions have been normalized by applying the approach expatiated in reference [5].
In this case study, the count of harmful function is reduced for the lower noise, and there is no cost increase or reduction of useful function.
Online since: October 2007
Authors: Vanessa K. Peterson, Yun Liu, Craig M. Brown, Cameron J. Kepert
Neutron powder diffraction data were collected on the High Resolution Neutron Powder Diffractometer (BT-1) at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) with a wavelength of 2.0787 Å and using 15 arc-minute in-pile collimation.
Data were collected over scattering angles 3° to 167°.
Data were recorded as a function of D2 loading for D2:Cu ratios of 3.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, and 6.5, which were loaded into the sample at temperatures of 55, 45, 40, and 40 K, respectively.
Table 2: Site Occupancy Factors (SOF) from Rietveld refined models (Fit to data shown as Rwp) of data for D2 in Cu3(BTC)2 at the bare Cu atom (Cu), and in the small (SP) and large (LP) pores.
Most notably, population of the intermediate large pore site, D2(6), is associated with a significant reduction in the lattice parameter.
Online since: July 2014
Authors: Feng Ding, Chun You Wu, Lan Lan, Xu Zhao
As for the connection between electronic tags and application programs, RFID middleware is able to relate the RFID reader and read the RFID tag datum.
Equipped with small size, large storage capacity and long life,RFID tags can support the mobile identification, objects recognition, and have characteristics of working in various environment[9], Which is more intelligent when makes full use of them for transportation track to get a real-time feedback from controlled items and better reduction on outside distractions.
Main functional parts ,such as out storage and in storage management, order management , distribution, cargo dispatch plan, system maintenance, data maintenance, unusual logistics and report management, query ,as well as other four divisions ,are attained basing on the logistics management system with RFID[10].
The datum on name of the products arriving at the pit stop, the time, the next transport drivers, the name of the next station, departure time tags are written into tags in each logistics point.
(3)Scanning products information and recording into the database make information handling level increased for shortcut, deleted, modified, enhanced, especially when the query product information, since implementation of database data structure, high levels of data sharing, data can be used by multiple programs to facilitate unified management of various logistics products
Online since: June 2016
Authors: I Ketut Okariawan, Emmy Dyah Sulistyowati, Mirmanto Mirmanto
The radiator was installed standing in the middle of the room and the data were continuously recorded every second after the hot water was flowed and until the temperatures inside the room were steady.
Data reduction To evaluate the pressure drop and heat transfer of this experimental test module, some equations are employed.
Almost all data are on the line or they agree with the laminar friction factor theory as well as turbulent Blasius equation, see Fig. 3a.
The laminar friction factor data can be predicted using laminar friction factor theory (Darcy friction factor) with a MAE of 0.068 or (6.8%), while in turbulent flows, the experimental friction factor data compared with the Blasius correlation results in a MAE of 0.048 or (4.8%).
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Ioana Alexandra Takacs, Adrian Ioan Botean, Mircea Cristian Dudescu, Mihail Hărdău
Osteoporosis is a disease of the bone tissue which displays mass reduction and the deterioration of the tissues architecture leading to a bigger fragility of the bone and to increasingly higher risks of bone fracture.
After obtaining the scan, to convert the 2D images data into a CAD model the approach selected required the segmentation of the 3D data, in other words the identification of volumes of interest within the image.
In using this approach two disadvantages were observed: firstly, although the femoral bone is osteoporotic the CT scan did not reproduce accurately the structure of the cancellous tissue (Fig. 4 a, b), and secondly, the 3D model of the bone obtained using the segmentation of the 3D image data form the CT scan resulted in the appearance of a large number of gaps, gaps needed to be manually corrected (Fig. 4 c, d).
For an accurate simulation of the behaviour of bone tissue an experimental uniaxial stress/strain data set for the dry femoral bone was introduced [5] (Fig 6).
The comparative analysis of the data obtained from numerical FEA and the experimental measurements using strain gages shows a less than 10 % deviation of the results between numerical value of strain (tensile and compressive) and experimental measurements ( Fig. 13; Fig. 14).
Online since: November 2011
Authors: Guo Ming Liu, Hong Liang Wen, Yue Jun An, Li Ping Xue, Wen Qiang Zhao
A traditional rotor structure B magnet arrayed rotor structure Fig. 4 Air gap flux density waveform of two kinds of motors In order to give quantitative analysis of air-gap flux density, we can directly discrete the air gap flux density waveform data with Ansoft, the flux density curve discrete into 1000 points, Programming with MATLAB Fourier Harmonic Analysis, get the results of air gap magnetic field Harmonic analysis about different rotor structures, it is shown in Figure 5 A The traditional rotor structure B The magnet arrayed rotor structure Fig. 5 Harmonic analysis of different rotor structures Figure 5 showed that we can get better sinusoidal waveform of flux density when the motor used magnet arrayed rotor structure.
With the measured data, we can draw a curve of cogging torque with rotation angle about two prototypes.
According to the experimental method, we measured two cogging torque curve with the rotation angle both the traditional rotor structure and novel permanent magnet motor, compared the simulated data with the experimental data, and express the simulation curves and experimental curves in the same coordinate system, as shown in Figure 7 and 8.
The comparison of two images shows that the trend of simulation curve and test curve is same, data are close, so the test is accurate.
[3] Yubo Yang Xiuhe Wang Xin Zhang Guangfu He “Cogging Torque Reduction Method of Magnet Shifting in Permanent Magnet Motors”[J] Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society. 2006(10)
Online since: July 2011
Authors: Ming Jiang Hu, Shi Bin Yang
To enable the engine control unit can be more realistic given EGR valve opening signal according to working conditions; it is very detrimental that the control unit should be stored multi-spectrum data pulse to real-time control engine.
Since the model does not consider diesel engine emissions factors were affected by the EGR rate, to a certain extent, it affected the RBFNN prediction accuracy, and its forecasting results could not reflect the impact of EGR rate on the emissions, so it could be amended to the predicting results using ANFIS. 2 ANFIS amendment 2.1 ANFIS Network structure ANFIS is a fuzzy inference system based on the Sugeno model, it has self-learn capabilities and vague language combine to complement each other, their fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy rules is completed through studying a large number of known data [4].
ANFIS fuzzy rule inference strategy is completed through studying and repeated testing a large number of the data on the different times and under different operation conditions of the diesel engine.
So, take a different diesel engine emission performance test conditions of 2284 data as the sample set.
Obtaining samples through the aging test data, the neural network were trained and tested, the result indicated that the prediction strategy was effective
Online since: June 2012
Authors: Sergey V. Naumov, Natalia V. Kostromitina, Yurii S. Ponosov, Elena V. Mostovshchikova, Natalia N. Loshkareva, Boris A. Gizhevskii, Vadim R. Galakhov, Manfred Neumann, Natalia A. Ovechkina, Anna Buling
Data on optical properties of nanostructured Cu2O and CuO in the infrared range are very poor.
Middle infrared (MIR) spectra can supply interesting data about specific defects, impurities and phonon bands of nanostructured oxide materials.
The data obtained for nanoceramics are compared with those for corresponding single crystals.
After annealing the samples in air at 500°C, the intensity of the band at 140 meV increases slightly while XRD data shows some content of the CuO phase in nano-Cu2O.
It means that the deformation leads to some reduction of Cu2+ ions at the surface of nano-Cu2O.
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