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Temperature is a common changing factor that is easy to measure and regulate and thus serves as a common regulating factor for intelligent biomaterials.
Some existing biological materials are based on temperature changes to transform the physical or chemical properties of the material itself to achieve the desired intelligent control.
A single material is often insufficient in properties such as mechanical strength or range of temperature sensitiveness.
Other nanomaterials that are sensitive to infrared and near-infrared light have been developed, but long-wavelength light will cause the temperature to increase, thereby affecting the structure and function of the material.
pH-sensitive materials generally contain groups that are sensitive to H+, and will change their structure and properties with changes in response to the external pH.

These structures and nanomaterials in general are of great interest as, at this scale, they exhibit exceptional physical and chemical properties that are fundamentally different from bulk materials [1-2].
(4) where Ks is the shear correction factor.
In other words, the size of the structure played a role in moderating the impact of the strain gradient on its mechanical behavior.
These insights contribute to a better understanding of how the second-order NSGT affects the structural behavior of SWCNTs.
(eds) Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Applications, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2001, pp. 391-425

Joints with poor transmission accuracy or failing elements significantly affect the robot’s performance, regardless of the control system quality.
In order to achieve low transmission error as mechanical performance of a robot joint, the influence of worn PEEK against 7075 aluminium alloy was studied.
Due to its excellent friction and wear properties, high impact durability, high corrosion resistance, low specific gravity and high melting temperature of 340˚C, PEEK composite is superior to other polymers.
Haraguchi: Development of output coupling mechanisms using the harmonic drive, Proc. vol.2, 2004IEEE/RSJ (2004)pp 1275 - 1280 [4] Y.Kiyosawa: Introduction of Ultra Flat Strain Wave Gearing,JSME,No04-17,pp76-79 (2004) [5] M.Hashimoto, I.Godler: Built-in High Accuracy Torque Sending For Harmonic Drive Gears, JRSJ, vol15-5, pp802-806(1997) [6] S.Yanabe: Torsional stiffness of Harmonic Drive Reducers, JSME,vol55-509,pp216-221 (1989) [7] T.Oguri: Backlash compensation of reduction gears by twin moter cooperative control 602 JSME 145-146(2006) [8] K.Nagamura,T.Koumori: Driving Performance of High Reduction Planetary Gear Drive with Arc Tooth Profile and Pin, 123 JSME 103-106 No.07-15(2007) [9] K.Gotouda: Experimental Analysis about the Influence of Alignment Error on Transmission Error of Planetary Gears; JSME vol4,37-38(2008) [10] N.Ito,H.Hasegawa: Robust Optimization of the Gait for a Biped Robot on External Factors, JSME,No08-35 (2008) ,47-52 [11] C.Sabourin,O.Bruneau: Robustness
Lu: Effects of steel counterface roughness and temperature on friction and wear of PE(E)K-composites under dry sliding conditions, Wear,148 (1991), pp. 235–247 [21] J.V.Voort, S.Bahadur: The growth and bonding of transfer film and the role of CuS and PTFE in the tribological behavior of PEEK, Wear 181-183(1995) pp212-221 [22] S.Bahadur: The development of transfer layers and their role in polymer tribology,Wear 245(2000)92-99 [23]G.Zhang, Z.Rasheva, A.K.Schlarb: Friction and wear variations of short carbon fiber (SCF) /PTFE/graphite (10 vol.%) filled PEEK: Effects of fiber orientation and nominal contact pressure, Wear 268 (2010) 893–899 [24] J.Bijwe, S.Sen, A.Ghosh: Influence of PTFE content in PEEK-PTFE blends on mechanical properties and tribo-performance in various wear modes, Wear 258(2005)pp1536-1542

The increase of stiffness can be initiated by two factors: (i) an increase in the degree of crystallinity of polymer composite; or (ii) a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer composite membrane and making the polymer to become glassy, that is amorphous.
Properties of the Nafion/SiO2-5% membrane in comparison to other Nafion nanocomposite membranes.
The improvement in thermal and mechanical properties of the membranes makes them attractive materials for methanol fuel cell application.
Gandhi, Black TiO2: A review of its properties and conflicting trends.
Jho, Mechanical properties and chemical durability of nafion/sulfonated graphene oxide/cerium oxide composite membranes for fuel-cell applications.

Introduction In recent years, more attention has been paid to the development of light weight aggregate concrete owing to advantages such as reduced dead load of structure, reduced dimensions of the load bearing elements, and increased thermal insulating properties.
Due to composite nature of concrete and different thermal characteristics of constituents, its performance is greatly affected by high temperature.
The changes in mechanical properties of concrete subjected to elevated temperatures are dependent on factors such as initial strength before exposure to high temperature and moisture content [6].
Modeling mechanical performance of lightweight concrete containing silica fume exposed to high temperature using genetic programming.

Zhukovsky, 140180, 1, Zhukovsky Street, Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, Russia 2Blagonravov Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, 101990, 4, Maly Kharitonyevsky Pereulok, Moscow, Russia aandcherr@rambler.ru bino54@mail.ru, cvsp5335@mail.ru Keywords: Friction stir welding; residual stresses; reflection hologram interferometry; hole-drilling method.
Introduction Mechanical behavior of friction stir welded (FSW) joints, which are mainly inherent in aerospace structural elements, is currently of considerable interest.
Remarkable properties of reflection hologram interferometry with respect to residual stresses determination in thin-walled plane structures by through hole drilling have been previously established and comprehensively demonstrated [16-19].
Both this factors are the most inherent for holes drilled inside 7 mm distance from the weld center.
Irving, The role of residual stress and heat affected zone properties on fatigue crack propagation in friction stir welded 2024-T351 aluminium joints.

However, 4D printing is still in the early stage and there are a lot of challenges like enhancing mechanical properties, biocompatibility, limited kind of SMPs, high cost of 4D printing system, and many more that needs to be addressed before a viable product can be produced.
Low viscosity, tweakable mechanical property and low critical energy which translates to faster curing are some of the material property advantages of acrylate and acrylate-based resin [31,32].
Gelation is a conversion process and is an important factor that needs be addressed since it will directly affect the flow of the uncured resin and the final geometry of the printed material [30,33].
Since it forms the bulk of the resin, it is expected that the properties and characteristics of the monomer would be inherited by the final product.
This method is cost effective, non-destructive and yields rich insights regarding the mechanical property and curing of just-printed materials [74].

Introduction Grain boundary (GB) segregation of a number of microalloying elements like C, P, S, B and others strongly affects the mechanical properties of the structural materials [1].
The second approach permits to determine the segregation factor s for a given element in a framework of conventional diffusion experiment.
In the Cregime conditions (low temperatures, small time of diffusion annealing) it was assumed as in [18,19] that the movement of GBs could not considerably affect on the shape of diffusion penetration profiles.
The ratio of P to δDgb increases with decreasing temperature and equals to the segregation factor s according to the Eq. 4.
One should keep in mind, that the triple product P represents not only the GB diffusion coefficient Dgb but also the GB segregation factor s > 1.

There are a variety of road friendliness evaluations, such as dynamic load factor, dynamic load stress factor[1] and 95 percentage fourth power of the aggregate force[2], etc. when using these evaluation indicators, the accurate tire load must be obtained.
The PSD parameters are difficult which affects the simulation result.
The pavement roughness rational function power spectral density Gq(n) in the spatial frequency n1properties of the stationary random process.
Cebon, Truck suspension design to minimize road damage, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 210, 2 (1996) 95-107
Besselink, Magic Formula tyre model with transient properties, Vehicle System Dynamics, 27, Suppl (1997) 234- 249.

On the Control System for Blank-holder Force in Deep Drawing Based on Self-tuning Fuzzy-PID Controller Chun-Ping CAO a, Yu SUN b School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing, China ,210094， a ccp_alice@163.com,b sunyu@mail.njust.edu.cn Keywords: Fuzzy control, PID Control, Blank-holder Force, Simulation Abstract: Blank-holder Force (BHF) control technology is an important guarantee for the quality of parts forming.
If the blank-holder force is too large the wrinkling can be avoid, but the tearing tendency is increased as well as the possibility of surface damage to die and sheet metal, which will affect the quality of metal shaping and die life.
Blank-holder force is one of the key parameters affecting the process of sheet metal stamping.
The simulation has been done to prove that the method is effective in improving the dynamic property and decreasing the steady state errors of the BHF.
The corresponding numeric factor is as following, max max 5 10 0.5, 5 5 1 e ec k n e k m ec = = = = = = ; max 3/1 3 up u k l = = = , max 3/1 3 ui u k l = = = , max 1 1 1 udk u l= = = 。