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This study develops a model for reduction of exhaust gas outputs and the power management of internal combustion engines vis-à-vis the effects of varying the air to N2 intake ratios.
The model was based on empirical thermodynamic equations and thermodynamic data including the chemical equilibrium laws.
The enthalpies of selected substances are widely available in the thermodynamic data.
The reduction of NO and CO in the exhaust is an important environmental gain in terms of pollutants emission.
Thus, the exclusion of N2 from combustion feed air permanently remains an avenue to explore further reduction of volume of the feed materials required by the engine to perform work.

The conceived system allowed a 80% reduction of time spent in grain transport vane adjustment.
The data is compiled in an initial list of requirements.

An optimum blank quality presents the following several benefits on the drawn part quality: it leads to an improved quality of the parts; it prevents some negative phenomena (like: fracture, a uniform distribution of material thickness in the drawn part and reduction of the blank holder force required during the drawing process).
Roughness average 2.8nm Fig. 4. 3D projection and graphical variation of the surfaces topography From the analysis of the above presented data it can be remarked that the real chemical composition (in Al, Fe, Si or other elements) of the blank material, determined along and perpendicular to sheet rolling direction, is different by comparing to material theoretical composition indicated by the sheet manufacturer.

Response surface analysis showed that the data came to a precise fitting to a second-order polynomial model.
Experimental points of the Box Benken design and the experimental data Experiment number X1 X2 X3 Removal rate (%) Experimental Predicted 1 -1 -1 0 62.78 64.14 2 1 -1 0 72.12 73.29 3 -1 1 0 75.78 74.61 4 1 1 0 85.67 84.31 5 -1 0 -1 76.32 75.84 6 1 0 -1 85.13 84.84 7 -1 0 1 80.08 80.37 8 1 0 1 89.72 90.20 9 0 -1 -1 83.18 82.30 10 0 1 -1 86.28 87.93 11 0 -1 1 83.78 82.13 12 0 1 1 97.12 98.00 13 0 0 0 93.98 93.78 14 0 0 0 93.21 93.78 15 0 0 0 94.16 93.78 Results and Discussion Analysis of the model.
All experimental data obtained were shown in Table 2.The experimental data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), which was listed in Table 3.
First, the temperature elevation decreases the density of R134a, leading to the reduction of the solvent power to dissolve the solute.

The regression analysis and statistical analysis of variance were employed in the process of the experimental data.
Tool life and surface finish were found to improve significantly in the cold air machining [2].Cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen jets was employed in turning AISI-4037 steel and it was reported that the cutting performance with cryogenic cooling was better than with cutting fluid [3].Minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) was used in turning AISI-4340 steel and it was found that surface finishes improved mainly due to reduction of wear and damage at the tool tip by the application of MQL [4].
Data Beamsplitter Detector Array Microscope Translator Light Source Field Stop Aperture Stop Filter Sample Mirau interferometer 14 11 7 3 middle Scan area Feed direction 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 Fig. 2 The schematic of white light interferometer Fig. 3 Measured area in the machined surface The 2D profile of machined surface is measured by the white light interferometer Wyko NT9300.
And the average surface roughness is calculated from the profile data.
Average surface roughness (Ra) Axial depth of cut (mm) Average surface roughness (Ra) Radial depth of cut (mm) (a) (b) Average surface roughness (Ra) Cutting speed (m/min) 60 80 100 120 Average surface roughness (Ra) Feed per tooth (mm) (c) (d) Fig. 6 Average Ra in the different cutting parameters with the different cutting conditions Regression and variance analysis The regression analysis was employed to fit the experimental data.

To train a robust network, we used our large volume data set from our selective etch method of 4H-SiC substrates, already established based on definitive correlations to Synchrotron X-Ray Topography (SXRT) [1].
Increased device yields and manufacturing efficiency require continual reduction in extended defects [4, 5].
The architecture used for the DCNN is consistent with the state of the art as in references [10-16], with proprietary changes made to optimize performance on our data set.
For this data set, N=308 wafers were imaged with PL and subsequently processed through the DCNN network.
Etch process, with linear fit of data.

Data collected from the experiments were used to validate the simulation of the preforming stage.
The process offers many advantages in comparison with traditional manufacturing methods, such as stamping and welding, namely (i) weight reduction, (ii) lower production costs and (iii) higher structural strength through optimized section design [2, 3].
During experimentation, 3D strain data were collected to validate the FE model developed for the preforming stage of the THF process.
Fig. 5: Major strain in preformed tube (a) experiment 0.9 mm, (b) FEM 0.9 mm (c) experiment 1.2 mm and (d) FEM 1.2 mm thick tubes In order to verify the FE models, the principal strains on the outer surface at the mid-section of the tubes (i.e. the symmetry plane) were extracted from the experimental data obtained with the ARGUS® system and compared to the FE results.
Deformation of the die would certainly be lower with a metallic material and thus the deviation between the FE model and experimental data is probably lower.

Key data are a specific on-resistance of 12 mΩcm2, the desired low but positive increase of the onresistance with temperature, static avalanche (20 mA DC @1574 V), short-circuit stability at 600 V for 20 µs and robust switching behavior.
Design data of the device are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Layout data of the TI 2MOSFET Table 2: Experimental data (symbols see text) Junction temp. 25 125 [°C] Blocking voltage 1200 [V] VDS @ ID =10 A 3.0 3.4 [V] @ VGS =20 V Current rating 10 [A] Ron 0.27 0.31 [Ω] @ VGS =20 V Chip area 6.10 [mm 2 ] specific Ron 12 14 [mΩcm 2 ] Cell area 4.53 [mm 2 ] Vth 3 1 [V] Cell size 19.0 [µm] µ0 cha 7 10 [cm 2 /Vs] Total channel width 68.3 [cm] Rcha / Ron 64% 42% Channel length 0.6 [µm] IG < 0.2 < 1 [nA] @ VGS =20V Oxide thickness 70 [nm] Qrr of body diode 370 [nC] @ ID = .20A Number of cells 12,432 Ciss 2 [nF] @ VGS = 0 drift zone thickness. 11.0 [µm] Coss 250 [pF] @ VGS =20V Drift zone doping 5.5·10 15 [cm -3 ] Crss 60 [pF] @ VGS =20V The MOS channel properties are extracted from the transfer characteristics measured at a drain source voltage VDS of 50 mV for different temperatures (Fig. 3).
Recent progress was achieved by a reduction of the channel length or bypassing the implantation damage by a second epilayer.
Key data are a specific on-resistance of 12 mΩcm2, a low but positive increase of the on-resistance with temperature, avalanche stability (20 mA@1576 V), short-circuit stability at 600 V for 20 µs and robust switching behavior.

Based on the generalization of the experimental data, the regularities of phase and structural transformations at various stages of the technological cycle are revealed; the relationships between structural parameters, chemical composition and mechanical properties have been studied and described.
Materials and Research Methods To solve the problem of development and optimization of micro alloyed steel chemical formula for metallurgic instrument were used statistical theory method including the pack of modern programs «KOMPLEX» developed by Ural Ferrous Metals Research Institute (Ekaterinburg) and also programs of mathematical and graphical processing of testing data.
Research Results and Discussion The existing industrial experience in the operation of large-sized metallurgical tools (rolls of rolling mills, lining armor plates, hot deformation dies) made it possible to formulate general requirements for tool-grade steels: high hardening capacity (60 – 63 HRC after hardening) and hardening characteristics (at least 49 НRС at a depth 57 mm), the possibility to get quite plastic core of large-sized tool (δ = 300-350 МPа), increased strength on the surface (σ02 = 800-900 МPа), high wearing feature and adaptability at main reductions coupled with minimum tendency to deformation and skellering while heat treating and also the same sizes while exploitation.
The data of dilatometric studies are confirmed and supplemented by the study of microstructures after cooling in the considered speed range and are described in detail in works [1,2,3,4,6].

Tabulated Data.
The following Table 2 shows data concerning the minimum required thickness tF of loadbearing and non-loadbearing fire walls, made from a plain or a reinforced concrete.
Assessment of Fire Resistance by Tabulated Data.
The way of assessment of fire resistance of masonry walls by tabulated data is simple and fast.
The following Table 3 shows data concerning minimum required thickness tF [mm] of non-loadbearing separating masonry fire walls and loadbearing separating masonry fire walls, depending on the design value of time of fire classification tfi,d [minutes].