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Full details of the procedure used can be found in [3] and with a large grain size and homogenous dislocation density reliable results can be expected with this approach [2,4].
Measurements of the T1 plates’ size distributions obtained from STEM-HAADF images and results for the average plate diameter and number density with pre-strain are also shown in Fig. 3 (c & d).
Overall, this data indicates a reduction in plate diameter with pre-strain, a narrowing of the size distribution, and a corresponding increase in precipitate number density, that continued to the high pre-strain levels investigated in this study.
Fig.3 Effect of pre-strain on T1 phase refinement; (a) and (b) STEM-HAADF images in the T8 condition for 3% and 15% pre-strains, respectively, (c) evolution of the average plate diameter and number density with increasing pre-strain, and (d) size distributions of the precipitates with a 3% and 15% pre-stretch.
As discussed by Dorin et al. [1], although refinement causes a higher number density of precipitates which increases the statistical interactions with dislocations, with a constant plate thickness and volume fraction, this is outweighed by the larger effect that reducing the plate diameter has on obstacle strength.

Quartz sand with a maximum grain size of 2.5 mm was used as an aggregate.
However this mixture had larger number of AE events compared to the other.
Small numbers of large cracks occurred in specimen matrix with 2% of SRA, which corresponded to the number of AE events.
From the point of view of energy, previous results confirmed that the specimen with admixture 2% of SRA was the softest and therefore the least cohesive, whereas a large number of small cracks are formed structure with 2% of PEG 1000.
Mean values of selected parameters obtained from acoustic emission measurements (coefficient of variation in %)   REF PEG 1000_1 PEG 1000_2 PPG_1 PPG_2 SRA_1 SRA_2 Number of AE events [-] 38.0 (7.4) 36.0 (9.0) 71.0 (12.9) 30.0 (8.0) 31.0 (9.0) 27.0 (7.8) 14.0 (4.2) Duration of AE signals [ms] 1755 (3.7) 1905 (3.8) 1833 (3.4) 1935 (4.9) 1863 (3.8) 1858 (5.8) 2450 (6.9) Amplitude of AE signals [mV] 2983 (2.5) 2820 (1.7) 2744 (1.8) 2856 (2.5) 2984 (2.5) 2918 (2.1) 3320 (2.2) Energy of AE signals [mV·s] 40.9 (1.1) 38.3 (7.0) 84.6 (4.4) 53.1 (1.2) 39.7 (8.3) 44.8 (2.4) 14.3 (0.7) Shrinkage.

The difference of FLP to Laser annealing is the longer annealing time in the msec Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 2 range, the use of incoherent high intensity light sources and the advantageous possibility to anneal the wafer with one shot!
Also it allows the heating of bulk Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 3 SiC substrates up to ~2000°C [3].
a) b) c) d) e) Si-melt Si-melt Non-melted SiC 3C-SiC Si-melt Initial Configuration Si Fig. 2 Schematic of the FLASiC/I-FLASiC processing Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 4 In this approach heteroepitaxially grown SiC seed layers (see above, central) are treated in the described Flash lamp annealer just described before.
Finally the catalytic layer as-deposited flashed 5x1011 cm-2 5x1011 cm-2 1x1011 cm-2 2x1010 cm-2 3x1010 cm-2 Defect density Defect density Journal Title and Volume Number (to be inserted by the publisher) 5 system has to be removed (e) and thicker epitaxial SiC layers can be grown on top of the well annealed SiC layer.
These large and flat grains support the growth of the thick epi-layers with reduced defect density.

A fully coupled micro-macro interaction model is proposed for the grain refinement caused by severe plastic deformation of cell-forming metallic materials.
On the macrostructural level, a number of constitutive assumptions needs to be made concerning the decomposition of the total strain (strain rate) into inelastic and elastic parts.
The financial support provided by the RFBR (grant number 17-08-01020) is acknowledged.

As a result, one-bonded oxygen (non-bridging oxygen - NBO) ions and metal ions with a lower (-1) number of bonds appear [29, 30, 33].
It is well known that homogeneous hydroxides have a higher surface area, that leads to a higher number of ОНgroups [31, 38].
The removal of large numbers of OHgroups by annealing could lead to the formation of optically active paramagnetic centers [29].
According to the number of lines - 6 (2nI + 1), this HFS could be related to 27 Al (I = 5/2) alone (Fig. 8 curve 2', minima marked 1-6).
Different Ce-O bond lengths, lower coordination numbers conditioned by the presence of oxygen vacancies, or both, can also cause it.

Preliminary evaluation is an important tool for reducing the number of laboratory trials often expensive and time consuming.
This preliminary theoretical evaluation represents an important tool for drastically reducing the number of trials needed to verify the refractory performance under a variety of conditions given by cycling working temperatures and different slag compositions depending, in turn, on the variability of coal feedstock.
From ZrO2-SiO2 grains, silica dissolves into the slag while ZrO2 reaches very soon the saturation point of the slag without dissolving.

This manual method causes longer production time process, a high number of workers, and higher cost for mass production.
Introduction In the agriculture industry, most of the company used the poly-propylene (PP) bag to pack their goods such as the grain rice, fertilizers, etc.
The problem that had been faced by almost fertilizers manufacturer are (1) water seeps thru the hole that have been sew at the ends of the woven bag and (2) the manual process of inserting polypropylene bags requires a large number of manpower and time consuming.

The optimal number of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanopowders in the formulation is 0.5 wt. % that has the strongest effect on ultimate compressive strength and water absorption of the fly ash ceramics samples.
Fly ash contains valuable oxides, such as SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O, K2O, CaO, and MgO, and is considered as an inexpensive fine-grained material in the industry for production of ceramic tiles [4, 5].
Herewith, an increase in the number of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanopowders in the formulation of more than 0.5 wt. % does not lead to a further increase in ultimate compressive strength and is impractical with the technical and economic component of the project.

The grains are separated in this way automatically at the normal temperature and for several hours (or by force) by heating to a specific temperature, depending on the type of dissolved element, as shown in Figure (3)[15]
Thus, the number of specimens prepared is nine.
Then, each sample was cut in two, bringing the number of specimens ready for heat treatment to eighteen.
Adraa Najeeb, “ Effect of Distributing Steel Fibers on Some Properties of Slurry Infiltrated Fiber Concrete”, Journal of Engineering , Number 4 Volume 28 April 2022, http://www.joe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/ [9] R.
Nada Mahdi Fawzi, “Effect of Fly Ash on Some Properties of Reactive Powder Concrete”, Journal of Engineering , Number 11 Volume 27 November 2021, http://www.joe.uobaghdad.edu.iq/ [11] F.

A limited number of failure zones and damage mechanisms could be distinguished for all steel grades investigated.
Despite the complexity of spot welds fracture under such loading modes, a limited number of fracture processes and failure zones were identified in this study and are discussed in the following. 3- Fracture processes 3.1- Interfacial Failures in Cross Tension (FIFI, PIF).
Failure occurs finally at point C from the notch 2mm 2mm A B C A B C Figure 3: Crack propagation during the Cross Tension test of a DP980 2.0mm spot weld OM microtomography OM OM 50µm 50µm a) b) Figure 2: SEM fractographs of spot welds presenting (partial) interfacial failures in Cross Tension: a) DP980 2.0mm (PIF), b) TRIP780 1.5mm (FIF) SEM SEM tip, which usually propagated up to the Coarse Grain HAZ (CGHAZ) - nugget boundary.