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Over the past 40 years, development of the fluidized bed has been made in the characterization of gas fluidized behavior and application on grain drying reported by several researchers.
That is a reason why many researchers have developed a number of mathematical models for predicting the transport phenomena.
The number of particles is 12,000 corresponding to the bed height of 20 cm.
(3) The drag coefficient (CD) of an isolated particle depended on the Reynolds number (Re) , for Re £ 1000 (4) CD = 0.43, for Re > 1000 (5) The Reynolds number is defined as (6) Motion of Solid Particle.
In these conditions, the variance (), can be expressed as and (8) where p and q are the proportions of the two components estimated from the samples. n is the number of particles in a sample.

Grains of hypersaturated solid solution alpha.
DSC and hardness tests indicate that after cryogenic hyperquenching, the third phase of precipitation was stopped (transformation of theta'' into theta'), in which the number of defects in the solid solution is important [18].
The reduction of the number of defects in the solid solution as a result of shrinkage caused by cryogenic hyperquenching (lowering of temperature to -196°C) may inhibit dissolution and precipitation processes dependent on the degree of structure defectiveness.
Consequently, the number of carbides precipitated during tempering increases, because martensite content has increased and because the process has been initiated in low temperatures
The tests performed indicate that it may have an effect, as a result of significant shrinkage in low temperatures, on the number of defects in supersaturated solid solution.

Mechanical Properties TiCN Young Modulus (GPa) 500±90 Surface roughness 0.10±0.04 Grain size 6.6 Microhardness (Hv) 2980 Tribological test according to metal forming conditions.
W=0t2.1×10-6PVH1.983dt (3) To define the wear criterion, the researchers defined the application parameters as follows: W is the wear volume (mm3), L is the test distance (mm), t is the material thickness, Ccs is the punch stroke or number of parts in the fine blanking process (part), P is the pressure between the workpiece and punch-die (N), and H is the punch-die or tool hardness (HRC).These meaning was manipulated when Archard’s parameters was defined in Finite Element Program, DEFORM3D.
Similarly, this research calculated the wear volume and number of parts for wear permissible as follows: L = Ccs × t (4) So W = (2.1 × 10-6 P × Ccs × t)/H1.983 (5) = (2.1× 10-6 ×3800×530000 ×8) /681.983, = 7.861 µm3 or Ccs = (3.032x H1.983)/ (2.1 × 10-6 P× t) (6) = (3.032x 681.983)/ (2.1 × 10-6 × 3800 × 8), = 204,409 parts Results and Discussion To apply the obtained wear equation (Archard), the FE simulation and experiment of fine-blanking process were directly defined the boundary condition same as condition from tribology tester to illustrate the wear condition in each number of cycles.
The thickness of the coated surface and other conditions were accurately provided both in finite element simulation and experiment; meanwhile, the punch-die was set at the same alignment, and the experiment set cycle times of 80, 160, 240, and 320 min, and/or the number of parts as 200,000, 300,000, 400,000, and 500,000, respectively.
Tool life (Number of parts at wear depth = 8 µm.)

So it is useful to classify data into a number of categories.
For the agricultural production, there are a number of areas where the use of automatic identification and data capture systems would be beneficial on the farm.
There are a number of technologies available that allow automatic identification and data transmission including barcodes, optical character recognition (OCR), spectral analysis and speech recognition.
At each product handling stage, the tags are programmed with the time and location of the event as well as any other attributes relevant to the grain handling process, e.g., serial number of equipment, the name of people who process this product.
Summary The IOT describes a world where humans are surrounded by machines that communicate with each other and can allow people to interact with the digital world, it is a technological revolution that represents the future of computing and communications, and its development depends on dynamic technical innovation in a number of important fields, from wireless sensors to nanotechnology.

Among them, interbedding structure of "sandy mudstone—fine grained sandstone" is given priority to the upper section; interbedding structure of "powder sandstone—fine sandstone” is given priority to the lower section; the layers of sand—mudstone in the bedrock is generally 4 layers, and its average thickness is more than 10 m.
The sum of layer number of siltstone and fine sandstone is the most part of the total number of the bedrock strata and the average thickness is close.
Considering the integrity and comparability of interbedding structure of experimental model, the value of sandstone layers in the experimental model is taken as 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 40 layers; the number of mudstone layer is fixed as 4.
Table 2 Geometry sizes of all model type Model type Length(m) Height(m) Width(m) Mining height(m) Rock and soil layer(layer) Unit number (number) A1 1000 265 250 5 16 222500 A2 1000 265 250 5 18 247500 A3 1000 265 250 5 20 272500 A4 1000 265 250 5 26 397500 A5 1000 265 250 5 36 522500 A6 1000 265 250 5 46 647500 B1 1000 265 250 5 16 222500 B2 1000 265 250 5 18 247500 B3 1000 265 250 5 20 272500 B4 1000 265 250 5 26 397500 B5 1000 265 250 5 36 522500 B6 1000 265 250 5 46 647500 C1 1000 265 250 5 16 222500 C2 1000 265 250 5 18 247500 C3 1000 265 250 5 20 272500 C4 1000 265 250 5 26 397500 C5 1000 265 250 5 36 522500 C6 1000 265 250 5 46 647500 The setting of the conditions.

The results show that applying 500 mJ pulse energy yields a noticeable effect on enhancing the fatigue strength by increasing the required number of cycles to fracture the sample.
Fatigue tests show that nonferrous materials do not exhibit knee point and well-defined endurance limit in the stress-number of cycles to failure (S-N) curves [4, 5, 6].
As it can be seen the untreated samples show a finite number of cycles before fracture when compared with the treated samples for both cases G2 and G3.
Figure 7 presents the plot for cyclic fatigue results for the stress versus the number of cycles to failure (S-N curve).
The process of LSP has increased the fatigue strength of the sample surface, which is indicated by increasing the number of cycles, due to increasing the residual stresses, thus reducing the likelihood of crack formation at the surface as well as insertion of a number of barriers for crack propagation due to compressing and flattening of the grains.

Factors such as hardness, grain size, the scale of second-phase precipitates, electrical conductivity, lattice spacing, among others, rapidly reach a saturation point, albeit after varying revolutions of the plunger.
As a result, various structural parameters of the material (for example, grain size or lattice periods of the phases composing the sample) or its properties (microhardness, electrical resistance, torque) initially change during deformation, and then reach a certain stationary values [73].
Figure 2b shows that the initially high lattice period of the sample annealed at a low temperature of 570 °C gradually decreases with increasing number of revolutions of the plunger, and the lattice period of the sample annealed at a high temperature of 1060 °C gradually increases.

There is a clear indication of grain growth at 450°C [23].
Sinclair at University of British Columbia are studying grain refinement in AZ80 by cold rolling and annealing, with multiple deformation/recrystallization treatments and cross-rolling.
The objective is to reduce the grain size of as-cast material to less than five microns to improve ductility.
Jonas and colleagues at the University of McGill are studying twinning behavior, the temperature dependence of slip systems, fracture, textures and the mechanical behavior of fine-grained extrusions [24].
However, use of wrought Mg is limited by cost due in part to the large number of processing steps required to produce magnesium sheet.

Preston's 1926 paper elicited a number of comments that were published in the Journal of Glass Technology in 1927.[17] Preston replied with further comments on "flaws."
Preston continued to publish regularly with as many as 200 papers on glass and a like number on ornithology, geology, ecology, and even politics!
Prior to their work, there were a number of conflicting and incomplete stress intensity factor solutions.
Micro analytical tools, such as micro Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope electron backscattered diffraction, and energy dispersive by x-ray micro analysis, should be used to analyze the between-grain interface and within-grain stresses and their effect on crack propagation and flaws.
Rice: Mechanical Properties of Ceramics and Composites, Grain and Particle Effects, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000

Nevertheless, some research has identified the deposition of crystalline NiTi coating via its non-equilibrium amorphous state and followed by a crystallisation process (two step processes) producing extremely grains of NiTi [3].
A large number of studies were conducted on various aspects of annealing in the equi-atomic NiTi alloy coatings [4-5, 10].
However, only a limited number of studies were conducted using the Ni rich NiTi coatings.
This phase was indexed in accordance with the reference powder diffraction file (PDF) number 18-0899 (J.C.P.D.S).
The presence of a Ni3Ti phase (PDF number: 05-0723) was detected with peaks at 2θ  equal to 40.8°, 43.7°, 46.5° and 53.2°, corresponding to the Ni3Ti (2 0 0), Ni3Ti (0 0 4), Ni3Ti (2 0 2) and Ni3Ti (2 0 3) crystal planes respectively.