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Online since: October 2010
Authors: Jian Long Kuo, Chun-Cheng Kuo
The SMT industry's products on the number of residual tin beads are certain norms.
So we focused on the study of literature for some of tin beads resulted in a large number of factors and residual principle lie, in Ning-Cheng Lee, the study that caused large tin beads of reasons solder of SMT particle size, Opening plate design, welding pad size and welded to the impact of such factors curve [2].AIM in the literature that caused tin beads is a key element plate opening size and shape of solder of SMT printing parameters, the viscosity solder of SMT back solder of SMT welding curve and particle size and other factors all affect tin beads have a lot of factors [3].
,However, in recent years due to patent protection has expired gradually, coupled with the semi-finished products and technical advances, to meet the high-end technology development, low-cost, component performance and the overall package size of demand, Grain and in particular high I/O, high-frequency demand, Minute crystal technology have become high-end package the best choice [5][6].
Discussion This section is the application of the Taguchi method (Taguchi method) in the Minute crystal system - which is a tin slag residue quality improvement and the best design parameters, the experimental design is the use of impact surface mount technology manufacturing process to design factors, and the system under way after the residue in the passive components on the tin beads number and size as a basis for assessment (Figure 9 below), because too many beads tin residues in flux-cleaning system, is likely to be washed down to the internal chip, making the chip caused the tin-lead Bump short circuit, which will affect product quality.
Barajas, Process Control in High-Noise Environments Using a Limited Number of Measurements,School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA, 30332, 2002
Online since: September 2012
Authors: Fang Yuan Chen, Dong Song Zhang, Zhi Ying Wang
Researches [3,4] presented a scheduling strategy for real-time tasks with both timing and cache space constraints, which allows each task to use a fixed number of cache partitions.
We propose a finer-grain approach based on lifetime and instruction fetching timing to obtain runtime inter-core interferences.
The status of instruction a1 is still hit. (2) As depicted in Figure 1(b) and W Core1(case2) in Table 1, The number of interferences is 2 and the interfering instruction are changed to c3 for a3 and c5 for a5.
As abovementioned, whether runtime inter-thread interferences occur or not and the total number of runtime inter-thread interferences are all dependent on IFT.
Because we aim to analyze run-time inter-core interferences for inconsecutive concurrent programs, so we construct two inconsecutively running threads based on matmul whose big code size can discourage interferences caused by address mapping. 1) First, in order to evaluate the validation and tightness, we triple the number of loops, named as matmul-3.
Online since: January 2015
Authors: Zhi Qiang Yu, Fei Peng Ren
Where the vast majority of farmers using local resources, self- made ​​product .Organic fertilizers in agriculture nutrient recycling and reuse of parts, so , with the increasing amount of chemical fertilizer and crop harvest increased , the number of organic fertilizers also increased.
Second, the compost heap categories, including compost, compost , straw and biogas fertilizer , compost made ​​from various raw materials contain nitrogen , phosphorus, potassium and trace elements crop needs , help fertilize the soil[3] ; accounting for about 50 percent of crop straw biomass , is a kind of number is extremely rich, can direct use of organic fertilizer resources.
Xu spring[21] The results show that long-term application of organic manure to change the composition of different size fractions of soil organic matter due to cementation make < 2μm grain size to reduce the content of soil particles , and the content of 2 ~ 10μm size fraction was significantly increased , which promote the formation of soil aggregate structure , improve soil physical and chemical properties of positive significance.
A large number of soil enzyme activity studies show that organic fertilizers contain many enzymes , the activity of livestock manure than in soil enzyme activities of tens to hundreds of times ; organic fertilizer can increase the number and variety of soil microbial activity .
Online since: June 2010
Authors: Jian Xin Deng, Feng Fang Wu, Pei Yan
It has been demonstrated that the MPs have some undesirable effects such as the local loss of coating adhesion [14, 15], surface roughening [4, 15, 16], grain coarsening [16], large voided regions [16], surface craters resulting from the detachment of the MPs [3].
The number and size of MPs decreased with the bias.
As can be seen in Fig. 3, the number and sizes of the craters increased with the increase of bias.
At the initial period of the erosion, the number and size of the damage islands varied significantly with the substrate bias at which the coating was deposited (see Fig. 6).
The number and size of the damage islands increased with the increase of the substrate bias voltages above 150V.
Online since: February 2007
Authors: M. Matsuzawa, S. Horibe, J. Sakai
For the measurement of tensile fracture strength, the fine- grained Y-TZP was examined in addition to above-mentioned three kinds of materials.
Clearly, the anelastic strain is greatly enhanced in the reduced Ce-TZP, incorporating a large number of oxygen vacancies.
Considering the valence and the amount of each additive dopant, the fully reduced Ce-TZP has larger number of oxygen vacancies than that of 3Y-TZP.
Mg-PSZ also does not relate the effectiveness of anelasticity to the number of oxygen vacancies.
It is noted that the extent of anelasticity cannot be determined only by the number of oxygen vacancies in the matrix.
Online since: July 2006
Authors: Y. Langsrud, Aferdita Vevecka-Priftaj, J. Fjerdingen, Vidar Hansen, J. Gjønnes
Vickers macrohardness were measured for a number of stages of the different alloys, using the equipment Wolvert, Dia Testor 2Rc.
During aging the depth of this zone increased in samples with high silicon content, and high solution temperature where several recrystallized grains was seen.
The long dimension was measured on negatives from a number of specimens; mean values are shown in Fig. 4b as function of aging time.
High iron and silicon content will increase the number of primary particles in the alloy.
By solution treatment at a low temperature Mg2Si-particles are retained, which will reduce the amount of magnesium in solid solution, suppress the formation of GP(I)-zones and reduce the number of η'-precipitates.
Online since: December 2019
Authors: Michail V. Absimetov, Mikhail Yurievich Elistratkin, Marina S. Ageeva
Structures manufacture of complex effective hollow sections, on the one hand, allows us to focus on conventional materials (heavy ordinary and fine-grained concretes), on the other hand, it increases their manufacture complexity many times over.
There are a number of works devoted to non-autoclaved gas concretes on the basis of composite binders of various types, makeups and production methods, which generally confirm the effectiveness, and availability of this direction.
The stone hardening dynamics based on composite binders with mineral additives of various genetic types: a) CCB; b) CCW; c) QSCW; d) GS The porous system contains a sufficiently large number of aluminates, both contained in portland cement and introduced by the gassing reaction.
The binder has the highest viscosity with the addition of crushed ceramic bricks (refer with Fig. 1) that is probably related to the developed microporosity of the additive particles that is mentioned in a number of papers.
As it was established in a number of works [11, 12] additives CC and CCW have among those examined the highest grindability and activity on Ca (OH)2 absorption (refer with table 2) that explains their good strength properties.
Online since: January 2022
Authors: Rashid Faesal, Waleed Bdaiwi
All of that is because of its unique properties which makes it the number one choice over all other materials.
We notice with the increase of the quantity of (WPMS) particles as well as its increasing volumetric percentages, the tensile strength values decrease gradually till it fails collapses, and that is due to the small interface area between the adhesive material (UPS) and the number of particles obtained from the increase of volumetric ratios of the particulate matter.
That is especially true if the amount of particles is large, making it difficult to penetrate into the cavity of the adhesive material, and a number of internal defects may arise that cause the collapse of the overlaying material with the least load applied [21].
This is due to the weak bonding in the composite material when increasing the number of particles, and the cracks that are formed around (WPMS) particles may merge with each other while applying load to it.
Sallal , K. k. kahlol, “ Effect the grain size on the polymer matrix composites reinforced by Reenia particles” Al-Khwarizmi Engineering Journal, Vol. 9, No. 2,(2013), P.P. 94 -102
Online since: August 2010
Authors: Shi Gang Wang, Bai Rui Tao, Hong Xia Zhang, Xi Bing Li
); cl -condenser length of micro heat pipe (m); al -adiabatic section length of micro heat pipe (m); l -total length of micro heat pipe (m); fgh -latent heat of evaporation of working fluid (J/kg); vρ -vapor density of working fluid (kg/m3); lρ-liquid density of working fluid (kg/m3); ρ-liquid density at the melting point of working fluid (kg/m3); vp -vapor saturation pressure of working fluid (Pa); vµ -vapor viscosity of working fluid (N·s/m2); lµ-liquid viscosity of working fluid (N·s/m2); σ-liquid surface tension of working fluid (N/m); vγ -specific heat ratio of vapor ( for one-atom vapor it is 5/3,for double-atom vapor it is 7/5,and for multiple-atom vapor it is 4/3); R0-universal gas constant (J/kmol·K); Tv:operating temperature of micro heat pipe (K); M-relative molecular mass of working fluid (g/mol); br -critical radius of bubble generation (m); W-top-width of trapezium groove (m); Wb-bottom-width of trapezium groove (m); δ-depth of trapezium groove (m); n-number
Experimental results show that after being processed grains become thinner and elongate like fibers; surface fibers have not been cut off but merely been extruded; Streamline distribution is reasonable; performance of fluidity has been strengthened; the structure is compact; its ultimate tensile strength and yield limit are increased; antifatigue strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistances are remarkably increased.
Tool: its material is GCr15 tool steel, which has been disposed by corresponding heat treatment to ensure that its hardness value ranges from HRC 58 to HRC 62; tool's outer diameter is 5.5 mm; tooth number is 60; tooth height is 0.2 mm; addendum width is 0.15 mm; dedendum width is 0.20 mm; alveolus are uniformly distributed along circumferential direction; radius of the arc formed by tool-workpiece contact is 0.5 mm.
Workpiece: its material is copper; for a rough pipe, its outer diameter is 7.0 mm, and wall thickness ranges from 0.40 mm to 0.45 mm; after being machined, its outer diameter is 6.0 mm, inner diameter is 5.1 mm, groove number is 60, groove depth is 0.20 mm, groove-bottom-width is 0.15 mm, groove-top-width is 0.20 mm, the grooves are uniformly distributed along circumferential direction.
Continuous flow guideline Knudsen number is 5×10 -5, far less than 0.01, therefore continuous flow limit is also satisfied.
Online since: October 2015
Authors: Tatiana S. Petrovskaya, Vladimir I. Vereschagin
However, the coating process is associated with the number of constraints affecting the quality and reliability of implants.
HA has been obtained from biological raw materials according to the scheme: bone material → sanitary treatment → firing at 1000 °C → grinding to grain size of 5 mm → removal of free CaO → grinding and obtaining of fractions of 70 μm (Ssp = 2.48 m2/kg).
Biocompatibility has been evaluated by means of the test for surviving cell number (cytotoxicity) in vitro and in vivo at implantation.
Evaluation of effectiveness of the coating method Group Criteria of evaluation, number of points Coating method Electro-chemical Plasma Ceramic Combined II Providing functional properties (FP), max 10 points: -biocompatibility, 0–2 -bioactivity (osteoconduction), 0–2 -bioactivity (osteoinduction), 0–2 -maintenance of FP in service conditions, 0–2 - adhesion strength, 0–2 6 1 1 0 2 2 8 2 2 1 2 1 9 2 2 2 2 1 10 2 2 2 2 2 II Capability to control FP, max. 10 points: -within certain limits, 5 -within wide limits, 10 5 5 – 5 5 – 8 – 8 10 – 10 IIII Manufacturability, max. 10 points: -simplicity and number of operations, 0–2 -no special requirements to primary materials, 0–2 -ability to apply goods of various form, 0–3 -reliability and reproducibility of results, 0–3 10 2 2 3 3 6 2 1 1 2 8 1 2 3 2 9 1 2 3 3 IIV Resource intensity, max. 10 points: -use of non-expensive equipment, 0–3 -absence of special
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