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Online since: December 2012
Authors: Shao Kun Li, Xiaodong Zhang, Yong Wang, Xue Yan Sui
In the study of crop, leaf thickness is used to measure the number of photosynthetic cells in functional leaf per unit area [3].
Table 1 Estimated models of cotton leaf thickness parameter Estimated model Parameters and parameter values R2 Number of samples n DVI(1331,363) S-shaped curve y = A2 + (A1-A2)/ (1 + exp((x-x0)/dx)) A1 was the initial value of y 0.601 0.746** 78 (2) A2 was the final value of y 0.396 x0 was the value of x which made y to be equal to (A1+ A2)/2 0.533 Dx was width 0.026 Area[980] The Lorenz Curve y = y0 + (2×A/π) × (w/(4×(x-x0)2 + w2)) A was the integral area under the curve and over the baseline 5.459 0.793** 84 (3) W was semi-high 7.645 y0 0.181 x0 8.109 Remark: ** represents 0.01 significant level. 3.4 Model test The 3 models were checked with 81 sets of data independent of the samples which were used to set up models.
(Number of samples n=81).
Lu: Monitoring of Plant Type and Grain Protein Quality Using Remote Sensing in Wheat ( Institute of Crop Scence; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 2005) [26] Pu Ruiliang, P.
Table 1 Estimated models of cotton leaf thickness parameter Estimated model Parameters and parameter values R2 Number of samples n DVI(1331,363) S-shaped curve y = A2 + (A1-A2)/ (1 + exp((x-x0)/dx)) A1 was the initial value of y 0.601 0.746** 78 (2) A2 was the final value of y 0.396 x0 was the value of x which made y to be equal to (A1+ A2)/2 0.533 Dx was width 0.026 Area[980] The Lorenz Curve y = y0 + (2×A/π) × (w/(4×(x-x0)2 + w2)) A was the integral area under the curve and over the baseline 5.459 0.793** 84 (3) W was semi-high 7.645 y0 0.181 x0 8.109 Remark: ** represents 0.01 significant level. 3.4 Model test The 3 models were checked with 81 sets of data independent of the samples which were used to set up models.
(Number of samples n=81).
Lu: Monitoring of Plant Type and Grain Protein Quality Using Remote Sensing in Wheat ( Institute of Crop Scence; Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 2005) [26] Pu Ruiliang, P.
Online since: September 2009
Authors: Bo Zhao, Ping Yan Bian, Yu Li
The abrasive particle moving locus under TDUVG is elliptical line along helical line [3], which
increases the interference of the grinding locus and the numbers of the effective particles, thus
enhances the quality of the grinding surface to a certain extant.
This is because increasing the grinding depth, the numbers of effective abrasive particles joining in grinding increase and the contact arc length between the wheel and workpiece increases as well, so the grinding removal quantities and the consumed energies also increase, which leads to the grinding temperature raised.
The great high frequency impulsive force also could make the nano-ceramics crystal grains rearranged and reduce the intergranular binding force.
The reasons are: (1) The thermal pulse numbers between particles and workpiece increases with the increase of the wheel linear speed, which makes the grinding temperature increase; (2) The influence of diamond wheel on the wheel speed is caused by the single particle's cutting depth during grinding process.
This is because increasing the grinding depth, the numbers of effective abrasive particles joining in grinding increase and the contact arc length between the wheel and workpiece increases as well, so the grinding removal quantities and the consumed energies also increase, which leads to the grinding temperature raised.
The great high frequency impulsive force also could make the nano-ceramics crystal grains rearranged and reduce the intergranular binding force.
The reasons are: (1) The thermal pulse numbers between particles and workpiece increases with the increase of the wheel linear speed, which makes the grinding temperature increase; (2) The influence of diamond wheel on the wheel speed is caused by the single particle's cutting depth during grinding process.
Online since: June 2014
Authors: Guilherme Caribé de Carvalho, Matheus Tabata Santos, Palloma Vieira Muterlle
In Fig. 2, it is possible to observe the experimental apparatus parts, indicated by numbers and described below:
1.
This cicles is repeated until the desired number of weld runs is attained.
Choose the section to be analyzed, were realized consequent steps, such as cutting the sample in the required dimensions; Embed the sample in an appropriate acrylic resin for easy sanding; Realization of sanding the surface with sandpaper grain size from 180 to 1200; Polishing surface finishing, using Alumina 1μm; chemical etching using a Kalling n˚1 reagent, for identifying the phases presents; and microstructural analysis with an optical microscope.
Welding Process: GMAW Short Circuit - Multiple Steps Interpass Temperature: 150˚C Base Material: ASTM A743 CA6NM Added Material: AWS 410 NiMo Sample Positioning Number of Weld Beads Speed of Wire Feed (m/min) Speed of Torch Translatory (mm/s) Tension (V) Stand Off (mm) Gas Flow (l/min) Vertical 22 5,6 12,0 18,0 12,0 15,0 In the process of GMA welding, type short-circuit performed in this work it, was observed that the electrical contact is extremely important to the effectiveness of the welding process, i.e., if there is a contact resistance, the quality result of the weld bead and the process stability are compromised.
This cicles is repeated until the desired number of weld runs is attained.
Choose the section to be analyzed, were realized consequent steps, such as cutting the sample in the required dimensions; Embed the sample in an appropriate acrylic resin for easy sanding; Realization of sanding the surface with sandpaper grain size from 180 to 1200; Polishing surface finishing, using Alumina 1μm; chemical etching using a Kalling n˚1 reagent, for identifying the phases presents; and microstructural analysis with an optical microscope.
Welding Process: GMAW Short Circuit - Multiple Steps Interpass Temperature: 150˚C Base Material: ASTM A743 CA6NM Added Material: AWS 410 NiMo Sample Positioning Number of Weld Beads Speed of Wire Feed (m/min) Speed of Torch Translatory (mm/s) Tension (V) Stand Off (mm) Gas Flow (l/min) Vertical 22 5,6 12,0 18,0 12,0 15,0 In the process of GMA welding, type short-circuit performed in this work it, was observed that the electrical contact is extremely important to the effectiveness of the welding process, i.e., if there is a contact resistance, the quality result of the weld bead and the process stability are compromised.
Online since: September 2013
Authors: Jing Zhao, Jing Chen, Yao Li Zhang
At present, quality problem emerge in endlessly in our country’s all kinds of goods, and the number of claim for quality also has substantially increased.
By visiting dairy farms, I discovered that the quality safety of raw milk displays in two aspects mainly: one is physical-chemical indexes, the protein content and the fat content and other indexes of raw milk must reach the national criterion; the other is hygiene index, the total bacteria numbers and drug residue other indexes of raw milk must meet the national standards in the control area.
The Feed Factor At present stage, the feed of dairy cow in our country mainly includes grain, crops by-products, straw and a little native grass, the usage of fine gramineae and leguminosae herbage is very low.
The Factor of Transportation and Storage Link The unsafe factors in transport include: bad thermal insulation performance of transport vehicle cause the temperature rise of fresh milk, accelerating microbial proliferation, the phenomenon that bacterial counts exceed standard and rancidity; the bacterial colony base number of milk is very large, the storage temperature of milk is very high, failing to cool the milk in time, these will make the raw milk deteriorate soon; not thorough cleaning of milk can and the lining of transport vehicle’s tank, not timely transportation of milk, these all will lead to serious microbial contamination; the adulteration and falsification phenomenon without supervision [9].
By visiting dairy farms, I discovered that the quality safety of raw milk displays in two aspects mainly: one is physical-chemical indexes, the protein content and the fat content and other indexes of raw milk must reach the national criterion; the other is hygiene index, the total bacteria numbers and drug residue other indexes of raw milk must meet the national standards in the control area.
The Feed Factor At present stage, the feed of dairy cow in our country mainly includes grain, crops by-products, straw and a little native grass, the usage of fine gramineae and leguminosae herbage is very low.
The Factor of Transportation and Storage Link The unsafe factors in transport include: bad thermal insulation performance of transport vehicle cause the temperature rise of fresh milk, accelerating microbial proliferation, the phenomenon that bacterial counts exceed standard and rancidity; the bacterial colony base number of milk is very large, the storage temperature of milk is very high, failing to cool the milk in time, these will make the raw milk deteriorate soon; not thorough cleaning of milk can and the lining of transport vehicle’s tank, not timely transportation of milk, these all will lead to serious microbial contamination; the adulteration and falsification phenomenon without supervision [9].
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Xin Yu Li, Jie Quan Xing, Shu Lin Zhan
Based on a large number of tests which used high mica content in stone powder, Xinyu Li considers unit water-use of concrete increases with the increase of stone powder content, and concrete mixing performance gradually becomes poor [5].
In gneiss mica content is about 20% with a fine grained structure, but mica content in manufactured sand which particle size is greater than 0.3 mm is nearly 0 and conforms to the requirements of the specification, mica content in stone powder is about 25% by using petrographic analysis combined with image analysis measurement.
Each cycle of freeze-thaw was 8h, both the freezing time in frozen and the melting time in water channel was 4h, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times.
Fig.1 Curves of compressive strength Fig.2 Curves of compressive strength and water-binder ratio and mica content Freeze-thaw cycles test Specimens F1-5 are also used to freeze-thaw cycles test, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times, the test results are shown in Fig.3.
In gneiss mica content is about 20% with a fine grained structure, but mica content in manufactured sand which particle size is greater than 0.3 mm is nearly 0 and conforms to the requirements of the specification, mica content in stone powder is about 25% by using petrographic analysis combined with image analysis measurement.
Each cycle of freeze-thaw was 8h, both the freezing time in frozen and the melting time in water channel was 4h, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times.
Fig.1 Curves of compressive strength Fig.2 Curves of compressive strength and water-binder ratio and mica content Freeze-thaw cycles test Specimens F1-5 are also used to freeze-thaw cycles test, the total number of freeze-thaw cycles was 50 times, the test results are shown in Fig.3.
Online since: February 2006
Authors: Rosa Piotrkowski, Antolino Gallego, Jose F. Gil, J.M. Vico, Enrique Díaz Barriga-Castro, J.E. Ruzzante
The well known
Zn-Fe phases gamma (very thin), delta
(well defined and homogeneous), zeta
(columnar grains) and eta (almost pure
Zn), were observed from steel to Zn.
The five parameters that were recorded in our experiments were number of counts, amplitude, duration, rise time and energy, in the sense of MARSE energy (MARSE: Measured Area under Rectified Signal Envelope).
In this paper, in order to calculate the cumulants, an unbiased estimator has been used, with a cumulant lags number equal to N/10, with N being the number of data of s(n).
The five parameters that were recorded in our experiments were number of counts, amplitude, duration, rise time and energy, in the sense of MARSE energy (MARSE: Measured Area under Rectified Signal Envelope).
In this paper, in order to calculate the cumulants, an unbiased estimator has been used, with a cumulant lags number equal to N/10, with N being the number of data of s(n).
Online since: March 2007
Authors: Philippe Maugis, Patricia Donnadieu, Alexis Deschamps, Fabien Perrard, Françoise Bley
The resulting microstructure consists of small ill-defined
grains (~3 µm), with a very high dislocation density due to the fast austenite to ferrite
transformation during cooling.
SANS has been used to obtain a quantitative measurement (averaged on a very large number of precipitates) of their size and volume fraction as a function of time and temperature of heat treatment.
A certain number of hypothesis will be used in this model : - Precipitates are stoichiometric NbC, whose thermodynamics is given by a simple solubility product.
The variation rate of the precipitate number density equals the nucleation rate Jn : ∆ − ρ β== ∗ ∗ kT G exp b ZJ dt dN Het n g&n (1) where Z and β* are the Zedldovich factor and the critical solute attachment rate, whose expressions can be found in [5], ρ is the dislocation density, b the Burgers vector, and ∆G * Het is the nucleation barrier.
SANS has been used to obtain a quantitative measurement (averaged on a very large number of precipitates) of their size and volume fraction as a function of time and temperature of heat treatment.
A certain number of hypothesis will be used in this model : - Precipitates are stoichiometric NbC, whose thermodynamics is given by a simple solubility product.
The variation rate of the precipitate number density equals the nucleation rate Jn : ∆ − ρ β== ∗ ∗ kT G exp b ZJ dt dN Het n g&n (1) where Z and β* are the Zedldovich factor and the critical solute attachment rate, whose expressions can be found in [5], ρ is the dislocation density, b the Burgers vector, and ∆G * Het is the nucleation barrier.
Online since: September 2003
Authors: Tzanimir Arguirov, Jürgen Reif, Dirk Wolfframm, R.P. Schmid, K. Dittmar, I Zienert, Simona Kouteva-Arguirova
Formed grain boundaries are fast pathways for diffusion of dopants in
the gate dielectric, and the leakage current increases.
Since it was reported, that adding nitrogen to the oxide film will decrease the leakage current density [7], the number of studies have been increased rapidly.
After the MOCVD growth with subsequent annealing, the Si-Raman peak at 519 cm-1 (bare Si-wafer) shifts toward higher wave numbers by 0.02 cm-1 (inset in Fig. 1).
After the MOCVD growth and following annealing under high/low nitrogen pressure the Si peak shifts to higher wave numbers (inset).
Since it was reported, that adding nitrogen to the oxide film will decrease the leakage current density [7], the number of studies have been increased rapidly.
After the MOCVD growth with subsequent annealing, the Si-Raman peak at 519 cm-1 (bare Si-wafer) shifts toward higher wave numbers by 0.02 cm-1 (inset in Fig. 1).
After the MOCVD growth and following annealing under high/low nitrogen pressure the Si peak shifts to higher wave numbers (inset).
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Yong Cheng, Jiang Chun Ren, Yu Liang Zhao, Song Zhu Mei, Zhi Ying Wang, Jun Ma, Jiang Jiang Wu
For each instance of a class, we will attach a unique identity number to it when it was instantiated.
The daemon-thread would fetch the identity number of the instances which were involved into the jump instructions and then linked the caller and callee's identities into a small memory space called jump_tag_list (JTL).
When instances of classes Foo, BarImplOne and BarImplTwo were loaded into memory, the daemon-thread would first attach an identity number to the instances and then scan the byte codes of every class to find the chk_tgt instructions and add the instance of Foo and instances of BarImplOne and BarImplTwo into the JTL.
Figure6 Response time Test with SPECjbb2013 The test above is a fine-grained performance test of the JVM.
The daemon-thread would fetch the identity number of the instances which were involved into the jump instructions and then linked the caller and callee's identities into a small memory space called jump_tag_list (JTL).
When instances of classes Foo, BarImplOne and BarImplTwo were loaded into memory, the daemon-thread would first attach an identity number to the instances and then scan the byte codes of every class to find the chk_tgt instructions and add the instance of Foo and instances of BarImplOne and BarImplTwo into the JTL.
Figure6 Response time Test with SPECjbb2013 The test above is a fine-grained performance test of the JVM.
Online since: December 2024
Authors: Xue Jiang, Nian Li, Xiao Mei Jiang, Zhen Guang Hu
Fine-grained materials typically exhibit higher strength because smaller particles provide a larger surface area, which promotes a more comprehensive chemical reaction and more uniform gel phase formation.
An appropriate amount of metakaolin significantly enhances the adsorption effect, as it promotes the formation of a large number of internal gel phases, which interconnect and fill the pores, reducing the pore size and thus improving the adsorption performance.
However, when the molar ratio exceeded 2.2, the excess phosphoric acid reduced the number of groups within the gel phase, resulting in fewer adsorption sites and affecting the adsorption effect.
In the initial SEM image, (a) shows stacked lamellae, (b) presents a granular or irregular structure, while (c) shows a smooth surface containing a large number of gel phase particles that fill in the unevenness.
An appropriate amount of metakaolin significantly enhances the adsorption effect, as it promotes the formation of a large number of internal gel phases, which interconnect and fill the pores, reducing the pore size and thus improving the adsorption performance.
However, when the molar ratio exceeded 2.2, the excess phosphoric acid reduced the number of groups within the gel phase, resulting in fewer adsorption sites and affecting the adsorption effect.
In the initial SEM image, (a) shows stacked lamellae, (b) presents a granular or irregular structure, while (c) shows a smooth surface containing a large number of gel phase particles that fill in the unevenness.