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HOWEVER, THE NUMBER OF PROBES AVAILABLE TO STUDY ATOMIC-DEFICIENT DISTRIBUTION IS RATHER LIMITED, ESPECIALLY AT A SUB-NANOMETER DOMAIN.
ONE OF THE BEST TECHNIQUES APPLICABLE TO DIFFERENT SOLIDS WHATEVER THEIR STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION (CRYSTALS OR GLASSES, FINE-GRAINED OR COARSE POWDERS, CERAMICS, BULK ALLOYS OR THICK-FILM STRUCTURES) [8-10] IS POSITRON ANNIHILATION (PA).
Each spectrum was measured with a channel width of 6.15 ps (the total number of channels was 8000) and contained at least ~106 coincidences in a total, which can be considered as conditions for normal PAL measurement statistics.
In addition, the (t2 - tb) difference was accepted as a size measure for extended free-volume defects where positrons are trapped (in terms of equivalent number of monovacancies), as well as the t2/tb ratio was taken in a direct correlation to the nature of these defects [17-20].

Stress amplitude versus the number of cycles for SC tests Fig. 4.
Plastic strain amplitude versus the number of cycles for SC and LC tests From these results, it appears that contrary to LC conditions, the pre-hardening reduces significantly the fatigue life under SC even in presence of compressive mean stress (Table 2).
Relaxation of the mean stresses according to the number of cycles in SC tests As it is shown in Fig. 3, the stress amplitudes of pre-hardened specimens are significantly more important than the amplitudes of virgin ones.
As it has been earlier pointed out in other work about 316L SS [20], the evolution of all stress components is directly related to the modification of dislocation densities and distributions in the grains.

The observation results were presented as cross-section data: , (2) where the column indicates the proportion of limestone in the mass of cement, is the fraction of diopside, n is the number of observation, , is the strength obtained in i observation.
Diopside has the highest hardness (7 on the Mohs scale) out of the considered silicate materials number that is, the highest value of the elasticity modulus.
According to a number of scientists’ researchers [12, 19, 20], it is possible to bind a significant part of portlandite released during the hydrolysis of three-calcium silicate in a hardening hardened cement paste with the active interaction of limestone, calcium hydroxide, hydroxides and carbonates of alkali metals.
Kopanitsa et al., Effect of grain composition and type of fillers on the mortars’ properties, Building materials. 11 (2000) 28-29

This number is increasing significantly every day.
It is crystal clear that, as data volume surge up number of links and information extracted from these data grows extremely fast, therefore system performance will fall drastically.
To illustrate the concept of multi-scale part production, machining of several features having different sizes on ultra-fine grain tungsten carbide is considered.
However in the case of complicated products and considering the huge number of machine tools and manufacturing processes, this method could help engineers to find out the best matching machine tools based on their manufacturing criteria.

Introduction With the development and understanding of engineering practice field deepening awareness of that structural planes such as geological fault fracture zone in the rock,soft interlayer,joints and fissures tend to become jointed dam stability and security control factor.A large number of engineering practice shows that Can directly use after dam foundation surface for the excavation to good rock mass is rarely more complex geological defects,such as faults and fissures,at this time if you continue to deepen the depth of excavation of the dam foundation,is contrary to the economic rationality of the project.Practice shows that the geological defects after some treatment measures such as consolidation grouting and curtain grouting to meet the requirements of the construction group[1][4].
Clearing is the foundation in soft soil,part of the table with rock or shallow weak intercalations remove broken dam foundation rock weathering,so that a more complete fresh dam located denser solid rock or soil above[3].Yueliangwan Reservoir according to the basic geological conditions after excavation,foundation and existing geological features of two dam toe slab foundation clear foundation Quaternary residual and completely weathered rock and some strong weathered rock,river clear Quaternary deposit and weakly upper weathered broken rock.clear base depth:the depth of the left abutment clear base 5~10m,clear river segment plinth base depth of 13~18m,right abutment clear base depth 3~7m.Silt layer of dam cross 0+161.419~0+071.419 section must be clear to its gravel layer.After the excavation of compacted layered roller compacted backfill.Backfill with maximum diameter≤30cm,particle size of less than 10cm should be greater than 15%,the content of particles with grain size less than 5mm
(1) Consolidation grouting layout and engineering Consolidation grouting holes arranged in the dam toe and spillway and dam axis intersection range,when toe slab width is 7m,6m,consolidation grouting with 3 rows,row spacing of 3.0m and 1.0m of two,pitch 2m,hole depth 8m;When toe board width is 5m,with 2 rows of consolidation grouting,row spacing is 3.0m,pitch 2m,hole depth 8m,spillway and dam axis intersects with 2 rows of consolidation grouting,row spacing is 2.0m,pitch 2m,hole depth 8m.Consolidation Grouting axis length of 429m,the total number of holes 574 holes,consolidation grouting total hole depth 4592m,filling segment length 4592m.The toe slab foundation by deep hole grouting,hole depth 8m
(2) Curtain grouting layout and engineering The range of curtain grouting:The left abutment of curtain grouting for dam is left along the existing traffic platform to extend 220m,curtain grouting on,the right abutment of the dam along the right endpoint for the right end of the existing traffic platform to extend the 150m,total length curtain 770m.Grout curtain along the base plinth furnished 2,row pitch is 2m,row spacing 1.2m.The total number of holes 573,total pore 19251.4m,including non-irrigation segment 2511.8m,irrigation segment 16739.6m.To ensure the dam foundation grouting include locally strong permeable layer,riverbed toe 0+060~0+320 curtain grouting depth required 5Lu bottom interface and design of deep hole control[5].

[6] EN_15305 – 2009 Non-destructive testing – Test method for residual stress analysis by X-ray diffraction [7] ISO 5725-1993 1993 Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measurement Methods and Results, Parts 1–6 (Geneva: International Standardization Organization) APPENDIX : Certificate APPENDIX GFAC Certificat Reference sample for residual stress analyses by X-ray diffraction 10mm 25mm Direction d'analyse · Sample: GFAC2013I01 · Sample fabrication: Electricité de France (EDF) · Material: NiCr30Fe (Inconel 690) · Metallurgical state: recristallised at 1040 °C + 5h 700 °C · Grain size: 40 à 60 µm · Mechanical state: shot peened (Metal Improvement Compagny MIC) / Parameters: BC210/F18-F26N/125%/spécif.
stress for all batches: 20 samples (MPa) rt: Repeatability of the shear stress of the material (MPa) Rt: Reproducibility of the shear stress of the material (MPa) · Sample Characteristics: σe rσe Rσe te rte Rte -741 39 67 -11 16 28 σe: normal stress for this given sample (MPa) rσ: Repeatability of the normal stress of this given sample (MPa) Rσ: Reproducibility of the normal stress of this given sample (MPa) te: Shear stress for this given sample (MPa) rt: Repeatability of the shear stress of this given sample (MPa) Rt: Reproducibility of the shear stress of this given sample (MPa) · Nota: the Repeatability and Reproducibility are respectively equal to 2,8 times the standard deviation of repeatability and 2,8 times the standard deviation of reproducibility in the case of simple comparison · Experimental conditions Crystallographic plane: {311} Radiation: Mn Ka Spot size (on the sample surface and at ψ = 0°): 2,7mm² Location of measurement: Center of the spotted face Minimum number
Choice of the number n of measurements to be carried out on this sample in the repeatability conditions for the qualification or verification of the system.
The number n (n ≥ 1 for the verification or n ≥ 4 for qualification) depends on the quality system of the laboratory. 3.

It causes the acceleration of powder grains and creates a perfect distribution of polymer matrix on fiber substrate.
A saturation stage is reached as the number of fiber fragments becomes constant during elongation.
Measured fragment lengths Li are ranked in ascending order from shortest (i = 1) to longest (i = n, where n is the total number of fragments).
In abscissa the quantity i/n was considered, where i is the rank and n is the number of fiber fragments [11].

It must be noticed that the reported micrographs refer to gravity cast samples; a real semisolid process is characterized by the injection of the alloy into the die, which produces high shear stresses in the liquid that strongly affects the solidification, enhancing shape and number of globules.
According to atomic number sequence, Al-rich matrix appears as dark phase, while the Sn-rich phase is light.
Also AlFeCu intermetallics could be observed at the grain boundary of the primary phase, rejected during solidification on the solid front and, thus, formed in the last freezing liquid (spectrum 1).
In Fig. 4 the evolution of friction coefficient as a function of the number of cycles is shown.

It results both from the number of technological problems during plastic working (which is connected with their low formability at ambient temperature) and high production costs.
Thanks to favorable thermo-mechanical conditions, the hydrostatic extrusion process can be performed at lower temperatures and it is possible to obtain greater magnesium alloy grain size reduction.
When the time of exposure increases, the number of pits increases substantially.
During the process, anodic dissolution of the alloy surface takes place and a large number of pits can be observed.

The total number of Pd(NO3)2·2H2O and AgNO3 moles was kept constant during the synthesis, namely, [Pd(NO3)2·2H2O+AgNO3]/TEOS=0.1.
In Fig.5(a), for the sample of nPd/Ag=0, the diffraction peaks at 2θ = 38.18, 44.33, 64.36, 77.39 and 81.50° are assigned to the (111), (200), (220), (311) and (222) planes of a face centered cubic (fcc) lattice of metallic Ag0, respectively, with the PDF card number of 65-2871.
When the nPd/Ag is increased to 9:1, we can observed the diffraction peaks of metallic Pd0 with the PDF card number of 46-1043, which are located at 2θ=40.1, 46.6, 68.1, 79.62 and 82.1°, respectively.
It means the formed grain size of Pd/Ag/SiO2 materials after calcining at 350°C increases according to the Scherer’s equation [31].