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The temperature of a group of atoms was computed based on the kinetic theory, given by 12imivi2=23NkBT. (1) where T is the temperature, N is the number of atoms, kB is the Boltzmann constant, mi is the atomic mass and vi is the velocity of the atoms.
The single crystal fractured into several grains and the graphite-like clusters formed between the gaps of cleavages because of the sudden drop of pressure.

Firstly, the metal surface was mechanically polished with fine grained emery paper followed by diamond paste on polishing cloth to obtain a mirror surface.
The impedance of a CPE is illustrated by [6]: , (2) where: Z = impedance of CPE, j = imaginary number (j2 = -1), w = angular frequency [rad/s], np/2 = constant phase angle of the CPE [rad], Y0 = constant of CPE [S (s/rad)n].

Wall effects were regarded as insignificant, given a column-to-grain-diameter ratio above 20 [13].
Following the first colloid pulse, SRHA was almost completely attenuated suggesting the coated sand had considerable affinity for adsorbing SRHA and the number of sites remained adequate at the end of the SRHA pulse.

The particle size distribution is more uniform and the grain has grown.
The authors thank the support of  Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation of  China (B200503) and Harbin Special Fund for Science and Technology Innovation under the project number of 2009RFLXG008.

A large number of studies show that the filter paper moisture and suction values have a certain relationship, measuring balance moisture content of filter paper , and use the same rate curves got soil matrix suction and suction.
According to the literature studying on the [8] filter rating curve take the following rating curve: （1） In the formula, S as the matrix suction (Kpa );ωas filter paper water content ( % ). 2 Test of soil material In the test particle size as the standard divides soil and stone , defined particle size less than 2.0mm as soil, grain size of more than 2.0mm for stone.

The grain size of P92 heat-resistant steel used in the paper is about 30 μm after statistics.
Table 1 Difference between the method of M-tr and the method of M-GSRT Methods σ50000T (MPa) and Errorb Number of sample Total test time (h) 600 ˚C 650 ˚C 700 ˚C Creep data* 125.9a 68.2a 28.2a 3c 150000c M-tr σ50000T 147.5 85.2 42.5 24c 6870c Errorb 17.2 % 24.9 % 50.7 % M-GSRT σ50000T 122.6 69.4 32.7 24c+1d 6870c+96d Errorb -2.6 % 1.8 % 16.0 % a Stress of 50000 hours rupture life gained by the linear interpolation method b Error=(σ50000T- Creep data*)/ Creep data*×100 % & c Data of CRT & d Data of SRT In addition, the creep strength evaluation by the method of M-tr takes 24 CRTs with total creep time of 6870 hours, and the method of M-GSRT takes the 24 CRTs the same to the method of M-tr and 4 SRTs with 96 hours total test time.

The nanocrystalline hydrides synthesized by high-energy ball milling showed very fast absorption and desorption kinetics due to faster diffusion of hydrogen along grain boundaries, as well as the high number of heterogeneous nucleation sites of the hydride on absorption[10].

In addition, the content of carbon and tungsten, which provide hardening by thermally stable carbides, and of niobium, which provides hardening by fine carbides at the grain boundaries, has been increased.
With increasing exposure time the secondary precipitates grow and their number decreases.

In the process of manufacturing HE mock-ups, a large number (about 50% of the total) of mock-ups with defects in the BMJ zone were identified.
Achieved BMJ parameters during technology development Parameter Regulated value Obtained values The grain size of bronze Dav, microns ≤ 200 47.6…190.3 Microhardness of steel, HV < 300 153…161 Tensile strength of bronze Rm at 20°С / 250°С, [МPа] ≥ 280 / 220 308…330 / 243…256 Rupture stress for BMJ on separation at 150°C, [MPa] ≥ 220 283…290 Leak tightness of the joint with 6.0 MPa and 150°С, [Pа×m3×s-1] ≤ 1×10-10 ≤ 9 ×10-12 The previously mentioned defects represent a violation of the integrity of the BMJ (crack) in the corner zones of the HE mock-ups (Fig. 2, a) with a loss of tightness (Fig. 2, b), or with the preservation of the tightness of the layout (Fig. 2, c).

The synthesized HA and Mg–doped HA powders were characterized further by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, model 100 spectrum series) in the wave number range of 380 cm-1 - 4000 cm-1.
From literature, the amorphous phase or less crystalline grain boundary is preferable for dissolution behavior of biological apatite [11, 12, 13].