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Online since: December 2019
Authors: Angelos P. Markopoulos, T. Papadoulis, A. Skoulakis, K. Kosma, I. Fitilis, E. Clark, Evaggelos Kaselouris, Yannis Orphanos, M. Bakarezos, Nektarios A. Papadogiannis, Michael Tatarakis, Vasilios Dimitriou
A good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results is found.
The main feature of the LAM process is the reduction of the cutting forces via increasing the temperature of the workpiece to reduce the strength of the material.
A good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results is found.
The thermomechanical properties of the metal workpieces were selected according to literature data, accompanied with the J-C material model and failure parameters, while thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion and emissivity are considered temperature-dependent [3,6,11,12].
The readings of the temperature values from the thermocouple sensors are acquired by our data acquisition system.
The main feature of the LAM process is the reduction of the cutting forces via increasing the temperature of the workpiece to reduce the strength of the material.
A good agreement between the experimental data and the simulation results is found.
The thermomechanical properties of the metal workpieces were selected according to literature data, accompanied with the J-C material model and failure parameters, while thermal conductivity, specific heat, thermal expansion and emissivity are considered temperature-dependent [3,6,11,12].
The readings of the temperature values from the thermocouple sensors are acquired by our data acquisition system.
Online since: July 2017
Authors: Kay André Weidenmann, Andreas Menrath, Peter Elsner, Christoph Lohr
Reduction of process steps can be achieved by connecting the face layers and core in-situ via in mold assembly process using foam injection molding (FIM).
To obtain statistical valid data at least 5000 individual fibers were measured [10, 11] and scanned.
Parameters and properties of the tested specimens (MuCell®) Gas content [wt-%] Weight reduction [%] Dynamic pressure [bar] (Process) fiber content [wt.-%] (Specimen) fiber content [wt.-%] Injection pressure [bar] Weight average fiber length [µm] 0 0 5 30 29,2 330 2698,3 0 0 20 30 30,1 335 2075,6 0 0 40 30 28,4 328 2378,5 0 0 5 40 38,8 423 1653,5 0 0 20 40 39,3 420 1412,2 0 0 40 40 38,7 420 1583,8 0,3 10 5 30 Not possible to manufacture 0,3 10 20 30 30,0 - 2752,9 0,3 10 40 30 29,6 220 2286,7 0,3 10 5 40 Not possible to manufacture 0,3 10 20 40 39,6 371 1993,3 0,3 10 40 40 40,1 360 1703,2 As shown in table 2, the blanks with a dynamic pressure of 5 bar could not be manufactured.
Parameters and properties of the tested specimens (D-LFT-FIM) Gas content [wt-%] Weight reduction [%] Dynamic pressure [bar] (Process) fiber content [wt.-%] (Specimen) fiber content [wt.-%] Injection pressure [bar] Number of rovings Rotational speed TSE screw [U/min] Amount polymer [kg/h] Weight average fiber length [µm] 0 0 5 30 30,4 376 8 80 31 3021,5 0 0 20 30 29,9 355 8 80 31 3188,7 0 0 40 30 30,0 345 8 80 31 5971,3 0 0 5 40 38,9 446 12 80 30 5283,2 0 0 20 40 38,9 425 12 80 30 5773,6 0 0 40 40 38,7 410 12 80 30 3988,4 0,3 10 5 30 28,3 372 12 80 30 4752,2 0,3 10 20 30 30,7 357 12 80 30 7196,0 0,3 10 40 30 30,8 341 12 80 30 5568,7 0,3 10 5 40 38,4 439 18 80 30 5001,2 0,3 10 20 40 38,2 424 18 80 30 9579,2 0,3 10 40 40 39,0 460 18 80 30 7830,6 Figure 5 illustrates scans from corresponding MuCell® (left) and D-LFT-FIM (right) specimen with 0,3 wt.-% gas, 30 wt.-% fiber content and 40 bar dynamic pressure.
To obtain statistical valid data at least 5000 individual fibers were measured [10, 11] and scanned.
Parameters and properties of the tested specimens (MuCell®) Gas content [wt-%] Weight reduction [%] Dynamic pressure [bar] (Process) fiber content [wt.-%] (Specimen) fiber content [wt.-%] Injection pressure [bar] Weight average fiber length [µm] 0 0 5 30 29,2 330 2698,3 0 0 20 30 30,1 335 2075,6 0 0 40 30 28,4 328 2378,5 0 0 5 40 38,8 423 1653,5 0 0 20 40 39,3 420 1412,2 0 0 40 40 38,7 420 1583,8 0,3 10 5 30 Not possible to manufacture 0,3 10 20 30 30,0 - 2752,9 0,3 10 40 30 29,6 220 2286,7 0,3 10 5 40 Not possible to manufacture 0,3 10 20 40 39,6 371 1993,3 0,3 10 40 40 40,1 360 1703,2 As shown in table 2, the blanks with a dynamic pressure of 5 bar could not be manufactured.
Parameters and properties of the tested specimens (D-LFT-FIM) Gas content [wt-%] Weight reduction [%] Dynamic pressure [bar] (Process) fiber content [wt.-%] (Specimen) fiber content [wt.-%] Injection pressure [bar] Number of rovings Rotational speed TSE screw [U/min] Amount polymer [kg/h] Weight average fiber length [µm] 0 0 5 30 30,4 376 8 80 31 3021,5 0 0 20 30 29,9 355 8 80 31 3188,7 0 0 40 30 30,0 345 8 80 31 5971,3 0 0 5 40 38,9 446 12 80 30 5283,2 0 0 20 40 38,9 425 12 80 30 5773,6 0 0 40 40 38,7 410 12 80 30 3988,4 0,3 10 5 30 28,3 372 12 80 30 4752,2 0,3 10 20 30 30,7 357 12 80 30 7196,0 0,3 10 40 30 30,8 341 12 80 30 5568,7 0,3 10 5 40 38,4 439 18 80 30 5001,2 0,3 10 20 40 38,2 424 18 80 30 9579,2 0,3 10 40 40 39,0 460 18 80 30 7830,6 Figure 5 illustrates scans from corresponding MuCell® (left) and D-LFT-FIM (right) specimen with 0,3 wt.-% gas, 30 wt.-% fiber content and 40 bar dynamic pressure.
Online since: October 2022
Authors: Janis Rizhikovs, Daniela Godina, Maris Puke, Prans Brazdausks
Necessity for reduction of greenhouse gases emissions, the growing demand for improvement of biorefinery technologies and the development of new biorefining concepts, oblige us as a society, mainly scientists, to develop novel biorefinery approaches.
The legislative ideas and policy actions included in the Fit for 55 package are as follows: 1) the EU's emissions trading system, 2) member states' emission reduction targets, 3) emissions and removals from land use, land use change, and forestry, 4) renewable energy, 5) energy efficiency, 6) alternative fuels infrastructure, 7) CO2 emission standards for cars and vans, 8) energy taxation, and 9) the carbon border, 10) sustainable aviation fuels, 11) greener fuels in shipping, and 12) social climate fund [2].
All the above-mentioned growing demand for the reduction of greenhouse gases and the improvement of biorefining technologies and the development of new methods oblige us as a society, mainly scientists, to develop sustainable lignocellulose (LC) processing technologies.
Three parallel tests were run for each sample, and the average of the data is displayed with a relative standard deviation (RSD) for all experiments that was less than 5%.
The legislative ideas and policy actions included in the Fit for 55 package are as follows: 1) the EU's emissions trading system, 2) member states' emission reduction targets, 3) emissions and removals from land use, land use change, and forestry, 4) renewable energy, 5) energy efficiency, 6) alternative fuels infrastructure, 7) CO2 emission standards for cars and vans, 8) energy taxation, and 9) the carbon border, 10) sustainable aviation fuels, 11) greener fuels in shipping, and 12) social climate fund [2].
All the above-mentioned growing demand for the reduction of greenhouse gases and the improvement of biorefining technologies and the development of new methods oblige us as a society, mainly scientists, to develop sustainable lignocellulose (LC) processing technologies.
Three parallel tests were run for each sample, and the average of the data is displayed with a relative standard deviation (RSD) for all experiments that was less than 5%.
Online since: June 2009
Authors: Pradyot Datta
In theory, any gas, capable
of electrochemical oxidation and reduction can be used as fuel and oxidant in a fuel cell.
The data concerning the change of structure at elevated temperature is also ambiguous.
Hayashi et al. [66] obtained conductivity data on single and double doped perovskites and found that there is a compromise between the tolerance factor and the lattice free volume.
The knowledge of actual TEC data is important because LaGaO3 is polymorphic having orthorhombic structure at room temperature and it transforms to a rhombohedral symmetry at around 148 °C.
So, it was proposed that the internal LaMnO3-YSZ contacts are active for O2 reduction.
The data concerning the change of structure at elevated temperature is also ambiguous.
Hayashi et al. [66] obtained conductivity data on single and double doped perovskites and found that there is a compromise between the tolerance factor and the lattice free volume.
The knowledge of actual TEC data is important because LaGaO3 is polymorphic having orthorhombic structure at room temperature and it transforms to a rhombohedral symmetry at around 148 °C.
So, it was proposed that the internal LaMnO3-YSZ contacts are active for O2 reduction.
Online since: June 2013
Authors: Ling Feng Li
The upper flange plane of the tubinghead spool is the datum level for calculating the distance between the master bushing and the tubing hanger and the well depth data.
Material analysis for environment-assisted fracture and stress corrosion on wellhead assembly Environment-assisted fracture may be generated in surface assembly because of reduction of the physical and mechanical properties(especially the toughness) of material due to some chemical components or elements.
Material analysis for environment-assisted fracture and stress corrosion on wellhead assembly Environment-assisted fracture may be generated in surface assembly because of reduction of the physical and mechanical properties(especially the toughness) of material due to some chemical components or elements.
Online since: November 2015
Authors: Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli, Siok Lan Ong, Norhawati Ahmad, Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo, Siti Salwa Mat Isa, Chanuri Charin, N.I.M. Nor, N. Khalid, Muammar Mohamad Isa, M. Missous
The Hall data shows that the enhanced epilayer portraying higher sheet carrier concentration, but comparable carrier mobility in the 2-DEG layer, as compared to the baseline sample.
Table 1Hall Measurement data at Room Temperature (300 K) and 77 K Hall Data XMBE #109 VMBE #2100 Sheet Carrier Concentration (nH) at 300 K / 77 K (x 1012 cm-2) 1.74 / 2.06 2.50 / 2.60 Hall Mobility (mH) at 300 K / 77 K (cm2 /V.s) 12,850 / 48,800 12,982 / 46,390 The detailed information about the steps involved in Hall effect measurement is already reported by Bouluku [8].
The tabulated TLM data were the average values from five TLM ladders located at different locations on the samples.
As shown in the inset of Figure 3, at VDS = 1 V (low VDS), the leakage for VMBE #2100 at VGS = -2.0 V is more than seven times lower than that of VMBE #109, exhibiting a large reduction from -1.3 µA/mm to -0.3 µA/mm for XMBE #109 and VMBE #2100 respectively.
Table 1Hall Measurement data at Room Temperature (300 K) and 77 K Hall Data XMBE #109 VMBE #2100 Sheet Carrier Concentration (nH) at 300 K / 77 K (x 1012 cm-2) 1.74 / 2.06 2.50 / 2.60 Hall Mobility (mH) at 300 K / 77 K (cm2 /V.s) 12,850 / 48,800 12,982 / 46,390 The detailed information about the steps involved in Hall effect measurement is already reported by Bouluku [8].
The tabulated TLM data were the average values from five TLM ladders located at different locations on the samples.
As shown in the inset of Figure 3, at VDS = 1 V (low VDS), the leakage for VMBE #2100 at VGS = -2.0 V is more than seven times lower than that of VMBE #109, exhibiting a large reduction from -1.3 µA/mm to -0.3 µA/mm for XMBE #109 and VMBE #2100 respectively.
Online since: August 2015
Authors: S. Acharya, A.K. Debnath, D.K. Aswal, Ajay Singh, Nishant Chaudhary
Scissioning: Chain scissioning or degradation results in a reduction in the average size (i.e. molecular weight) of the macromolecules present.
The experimental data pertaining to the molecular weight reduction for freeze-dried nanofibrillated cellulose at different doses of electron beam is shown in figure 9.
The experimental data showing changes in tensile modulus, elongation percentage and water absorption with electron beam dose in nylon-6 are shown in figure 10.
As an example, the typical differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data (i.e. reverse heat flow versus temperatures) for epoxy coated carbon fiber samples (irradiated at different electron beam doses) is shown in figure 11.
There are so many other areas where electron beam induced modifications are widely applicable and still growing including flue gas treatment, semiconductor industries, preservation of food commodities, nuclear data generations as research applications and others.
The experimental data pertaining to the molecular weight reduction for freeze-dried nanofibrillated cellulose at different doses of electron beam is shown in figure 9.
The experimental data showing changes in tensile modulus, elongation percentage and water absorption with electron beam dose in nylon-6 are shown in figure 10.
As an example, the typical differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) data (i.e. reverse heat flow versus temperatures) for epoxy coated carbon fiber samples (irradiated at different electron beam doses) is shown in figure 11.
There are so many other areas where electron beam induced modifications are widely applicable and still growing including flue gas treatment, semiconductor industries, preservation of food commodities, nuclear data generations as research applications and others.
Online since: October 2014
Authors: Zong Chang Qu, Jiang Zhang, Rong Cang, Xu Yang, Xiao Hong Ma
In the end, the mathematical simulation of the compressor were given and the theoretical optimization study predicted that a large reduction in frictional loss could be possibly achieved, which brings about an improvement in EER of the compressor of about 8.55%.
Obviously, as data is processed, the objective function decreases, from which it can be deduced that the energy efficiency ratio improves, especially when the effective iteration is less than 30 times.
Obviously, as data is processed, the objective function decreases, from which it can be deduced that the energy efficiency ratio improves, especially when the effective iteration is less than 30 times.
Online since: October 2012
Authors: Jin Hua Ye, M.V. Shankar
Use of halogen/organic free medium, drastic reduction in excess amount of alkali precursors and short synthesis time makes this methodology much more versatile.
Pristine ETS-4 and Sr-ETS-4 materials were characterized with DRS-UV-Vis spectra (data not shown).
Pristine ETS-4 and Sr-ETS-4 materials were characterized with DRS-UV-Vis spectra (data not shown).
Online since: February 2014
Authors: Gede Arya Wiguna, Andreas Christian Louk, Gede Bayu Suparta
A set of image processing procedures were applied such as background subtraction and noise reduction.
Therefore, a method for acquiring and performing 3D radiography image may be beneficial in order to do quick assessment without performing complex data manipulation and formation.
Therefore, a method for acquiring and performing 3D radiography image may be beneficial in order to do quick assessment without performing complex data manipulation and formation.