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Zaki et al., Journal of Hazardous Materials 271 (2014) 275-282. ©2015 Elsevier B.
Chapiro, Radiation Effects in Polymers, in: Encyclopaedia of Materials: Science and Technology ISBN: 0-08-043152-6, Elsevier Ltd. (2004) pp. 1–8
Dahlan, Acid-Synergized Grafting of Sodium Styrene Sulfonate on to Electron Beam Irradiated Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Films for Preparation of Fuel Cell Membrane, Journal of Applied Polymer Science 118 (2010) 2801–2809
Koura, Preparation of Polyimide Composite Membranes Grafted by Electron Beam Irradiation, Journal of Membrane Science 232 (2004) 93–98
El-Gendy, Removal of metal ions from wastewater using EB irradiation in combination with HA/TiO2/UV treatment, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 271 (2014) 275-282

Material mixing method The explanation of the material mixing method for a bimaterial structure is given here in brief, ince the material mixing method for a multiple structure with more than two materials is basically same as for that with two materials.
Let the larger and the smaller thermal conductivity and density of the two materials set material 1 and material 2, respectively.
Two materials are to be mixed for an optimal topology by the suggested material mixing method.
For the three materials mixing, the heat conductivity and density of material 1 are the same as above.
Lee: JSME International Journal- Ser.

Corrosion Behavior of Construction Materials for Intermediate Temperature Steam Electrolysers Aleksey V.
It is therefore mandatory to find materials which possess sufficient corrosion resistance.
In our recent research [6-8], corrosion resistance of possible construction materials and electrocatalyst support materials have been studied in concentrated phosphoric acid at temperatures up to 150 °C.
Experimental Materials.
Progress in Polymer Science, 34, 449-477 (2009)

Adamiak Division of Materials Processing Technology and Computer Techniques in Materials Science Institute of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, Silesian University of Technology ul.
Powder metallurgy makes materials properties relatively easy to control by mixing materials with different properties in various proportion.
Fabrication of the composite materials is focused on obtaining materials with improved properties compared to the matrix material.
Investigated composite materials are characterized by an higher hardness compared to the non-reinforced material.
Addition of the Ti(C,N) particles of the reinforcing materials to the aluminum matrix increased hardness of the composite materials obtained.

These two materials will be compared in terms of weight, factor of safety, stiffness, deformation, and induced stresses.
Material Properties.
[2] Gaurav Chigal ,Gaurav Saini, Mechanical testing of Al6061/silicon carbide metal matrix composite, International Journal of Research in Engineering & Applied Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 2. (2012)
[9] Pai, The shape optimization of a connecting rod with fatigue life constraint, International Journal of Materials and Product Technology, Vol. 11, No. 5-6, ( 1996), pp. 357-370
Ravishankar, Mechanical Properties of fly ash reinforced aluminium alloy(al 6061)composites, International Journal of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Vol.6 No.1, (2011),pp 41-45

Drive components made in new functional materials and sensor would be embedded or attached to the structure.
By mechanical, thermal, optical, chemical, electrical, magnetic and other incentive and control, making the Intelligent structural materials not only had the ability to withstand loads, but also had a capacity of sense ,identify, analyze, judge, decision, response, control and actuation and etc. which the common structure did not have the Piezoelectric ceramic which was currently used in the structure as a sensor and an actuator was an Intelligent materials of active control of structural vibration and had a widely frequency response range,fast response, easy measurement, light weight, and etc., and had been extensively studied [4-6].
References [1] Sheliang Wang, Jianbo Dai, Seng Du and Xiang Zhao: Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Natural Science Edition), Vol.42(2010), p. 261-266,in Chinese
[4] Linquan Yao and Huanran Yu: Journal of Mechanics, Vol.31(1999), p. 111-116,in Chinese
[6] ZhiChun YANG and Wei WAN: Journal of Mechanical Strength, Vol.30(2008), p. 735-738,in Chinese

Key Engineering Materials Vol.359-360 (2008) 329-334
Materials Chemistry and Physics Vol. 67, (2001), p. 12–16
Zou, et al., Computational Materials Science
Computational Materials Science [M].
Journal of Management, 53(9), (2001), p. 20-23

Oldenburg, ”Numerical implementation of a constitutive model for simulation of hot stamping,” Modelling and simulation in material science , vol. 15, pp. 105-119, 2007
Atteridge, ”A computational model for the prediction of steel hardenability,” Metallurgical and materials transactions, vol. 29B, pp. 661-672, 1998
Quaar, ”Homogenization of two-phase elasto plastic composite materials and structures Study of tangent operators, cyclic plasticity and numerical algorithms,” International Journal of Solids and Structures, vol. 40, pp. 1681-1712, 2003
Rice, ”Localized necking in thin sheets,” Journal of the mechanics and physics of solids, vol. 23, pp. 421-441, 1975
Nemat-Nasser, Micromechanics: Overall Properties of Heterogeneous Materials, Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers, 1999.

Variable composition and characteristics undermine customers’ confidence who prefers primary materials with certified properties and at more competitive value/cost.
Waste type segregation, heterogeneity and material degradation during service life become the main drawbacks for quality assurance and acceptance of secondary materials.
Reused and recycled materials are being regulated and they do not have specific technical barriers, but these materials face clear competition in the market with primary materials (e.g.
CE marking has less traceability requirements for primary materials).
Ideker, "Cracking susceptibility of concrete made with coarse recycled concrete aggregates," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 102, no.

Both research on the utilization of a wide range of raw materials of biological origin (including wastes, byproducts of other industries…), different processing technologies, different types of fuels, a wide assortment of products, and studies on the common approach of biorefinery, including its economic aspects and management, form a thematical diversity of this research field.
The terms “biorefin*” or “bio-refin*” did not allow to recognize all publications devoted to the biorefinery, because many publications regarding the studies of separate processing technologies, raw materials, fuels, or products, as also case studies did not use the term “biorefinery” or its derivatives in title, abstract or keywords.
The wide range of bio-origin raw materials, obtained products and fuels, different processing technologies and analysis methods, and studies of bioeconomy as a system and its economic aspects ask for the utilization of the previous knowledge from a wide range of fields/areas/disciplines of science.
Substantially lower output is in social sciences, although biorefinery is mentioned also in some sectorial policy documents [2, 3]; there are also publications in Medicine and Health sciences journals.
The fourth cluster – “Algae – biotechnology” unifies rather the keywords of similar processing methods and its raw materials.