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It shows that the slenderness ratios in the tests have little effect on the mechanical properties of models. 3) The stiffness of skeleton curve for the specimen GH-6-200 (n=0) is very small, and there is no obvious yield point on the curve.
Now take the lateral displacement of the pier top which is obtained at the time the steel pipe reach the initial yield as the yield displacement, and take the maximum displacement of each specimen as the limit displacement, Tab. 2 shows the ductility factor of specimens except specimen GH-6-200.
In addition the yield displacement of each specimen is affected by the results of strain measurement, adhesive position of strain gauge, the interval of strain sampling and measurement error and other factors, so there must be some errors.
Despite the above errors, in general, the displacement ductility factor of concrete-filled steel bridge pier is larger.
Fig. 6 Stiffness degradation are compared Tab. 2 Ductility analysis Name of specimens Yield displacement δy（mm） Limit displacement δu（mm） Ductility factor μ GH-10-280 23 180 7.83 GH-10-200 20 156 7.8 GH-6-280 19 210 11.1 3.

The simulation model allows you to calculate the area of easily removable structures depending on the input parameters, to obtain the dynamics of the change in the parameters of the combustible medium depending on the change in the properties of the combustible gases that are in the room. 1 Introduction Industry often uses a variety of hazardous substances, such as flammable and combustible liquids and gases, which must be stored in special conditions [1, 2].
The results show that the bearing capacity is affected by distance, charge size, and boundary conditions.
It has been shown that elevated temperatures will lead to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of steel and concrete during a fire in buildings and to the failure of structural components.
A finite element model was developed to simulate the mechanical behaviour of reinforced concrete elements during progressive collapse.
Haidachuk, Stressed State in the Vicinity of a Hole in Mechanical joint of Composite Parts, International Applied Mechanics. 57, 2 (2021) 234–247

Melting is undesirable, and strict temperature control is implemented to reduce temperature variations during a press and secure as uniform material properties as possible.
While randomization of runs can be performed with respect to initial billet temperature and extrusion speed (factors c and d), the die outlet geometry (factors a and b) could not be changed easily.
In order to change factors a and b, special die inserts had to be replaced (Fig. 1).
Consequently, effects related factors a and b are confounded with the block effects related to set-up.
The main and two-factor force and temperature effects of changing factors b, c and d seem to be fairly well predicted by the model.

During operation, structures made of concrete and reinforced concrete are negatively affected by various factors: atmospheric, technological, etc.
Depending on the climatic conditions that vary with the time of year, the objects’ geographical location, the individual factors’ impact degree is different.
It is known that the action of various climatic factors leads to a change in the composition and structure of building materials [7, 16, 17, 18, 19].
Smirnov, Determination of the heat resistance of polymer construction materials by the dynamic mechanical method, Polymer Science – Series D. 10 (4) (2017) 313-317. doi: 10.1134/S1995421217040141
Tuvin, Structure, composition and properties of geopolymers from mineral wool waste, Magazine of Civil Engineering. 90 (6) (2019) 3–14.

The exact nature of this minor transformation product depends on several factors including bulk composition, segregation and cooling rate.
Interestingly, MA is believed to be one of the main factors causing the deterioration of toughness of steels.
Although the macro-properties of these high strength steels are quite good, the nature of the bainitic and martensitic reactions can create problems in certain cases.
Bhadeshia, Bainite in steels : transformations, microstructure and properties, Institute of Materials, London, 1992
DeArdo, AIST Steel Properties and Applications Conference Proceedings - Combined with MS and T'12, Materials Science and Technology 2012, Pittsburgh,PA, 2012, pp. 77-86

The results showed that the maximum load-deflection and failure type are affected by the Di/D0 and the reinforcement method.
Many research results on the basic mechanical properties and earthquake resistance of CFDT members have been reported in South Korea and abroad [2,3,4].
Therefore, as basic research on CFDT beams with SMAs and rebars installed at the interface between the steel tube and the concrete, this study performed a 3-point bending load test and explored the effects of the properties of SMA and rebars at the locations where they have been installed, the inside-outside diameter ratio (Di/D0), and the concrete strength on the flexural and shear forces.
Phase transition temperature (℃) Physical properties Elasticity modulus (MPa) Tensile strength (MPa) Yield strength (MPa) Mf Ms Rf Rs As Af 2291 1373 528 4.4 26.5 36.3 45.8 52.7 58.6 Note: Ms-martensite start temperature, Mf-martensite finish temperature, Rs-R phase start temperature, Rf-R phase finish temperature, As-austenite start temperature, Af-austenite finish temperature Table 4 Test results of CFDT beam.
Table 3 shows the step-by-step variation temperatures and physical property values for SMA.

However, significant promotion of electron transport properties and consequently the photovoltaic performances of such devices are perpetually hindered by the key problem that the poor heat tolerance of the plastic substrates employed in flexible DSCs makes high-temperature sintering of the photoanode films impossible.
All these factors have effects on preventing electron transport and promoting electron recombination.
Electron transport and electron recombination in flexible photoanode of DSCs Factors determining efficiency.
In this chapter, the factors determining the efficiency of DSC will be discussed in more detail.
How to prepare TiO2 films at low temperature with properties of both improvement of electron transport, and also suppression of the electron recombination, is still a challenge needed to further develop.

Xu College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362011, P.R.
The diamond working conditions and hence the segment performance are attributed to the combined effects of such parameters as grain size, concentration and quality of diamonds, properties of bond matrix and granite.
However, it is worthy noting that the effect of diamond grade can be influenced by the properties of the bond matrix, which can be seen from the difference among specimens 6 to 9 and will be discussed in detail in the following section.
Although diamond crystals having better quality can afford higher load acting on each diamond grain in sawing, the effect of diamond grade can be influenced by the properties of the bond matrix.
Therefore, diamond and bond system should be carefully selected to match the properties of different granites while attempting to optimize the service performance of diamond segments.

Introduction Within the last years, mechanical joining processes have proven to be economical and reliable in the automotive manufacturing.
According to the standard DIN 8593, the mechanical joining processes are assigned to the group "joining by forming".
It has become an established mechanical joining process, especially in applications where thermal joining processes cannot be applied.
Besides the insufficient optical properties, these cracks impair the corrosion resistance and are to be suppressed.
Unfortunately, this reduction of Cmax goes along with a decrease of the interlock f, which might affect the joint strength.

The heat transfer will affect the flow regime inside the tube.
There were few other factors that fairly important to enhance the graphene produced via CVD.
Gas-phase dynamics is one of the factors that should be taken into count when placing the substrate.
Kong, “Role of kinetic factors in chemical vapor deposition synthesis of uniform large area graphene using copper catalyst,” Nano Lett., vol. 10, no. 10, pp. 4128–4133, 2010
Castro Neto, “Two-dimensional crystals-based heterostructures : materials with tailored properties,” 2012