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The important variables which affect the formability of perforated sheet metal in deep drawing process are material and friction factors; and tooling and equipment factors.
The plastic property of the material follows the power flow law i.e. σ = k ɛn where σ, k, ɛ and n are stress developed, strength coefficient, strain and strain hardening exponent respectively.
The material properties are taken according to drawing steel standards which is ASTM A1031/A1031M – 12.
[13] S.C.Baik, H.N.Han, S.H.Lee, K.H.Oh and D.N.Lee: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences (1997), Vol.39 (7), pp.781–793
[14] S.C.Baik, H.N.Han, S.H.Lee, K.H.Oh and D.N.Lee: International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, Vol. 42, (2000), p.523–536

Due to the limited space of this manuscript the details of the laser gas nitriding and also properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Grade 5) are described in [2, 11, 12].
Bonek, The investigation of microstructures and properties of high speed steel hs6-5-2-5 after laser alloying, Arch.
[9] Yu-Chi Lin et al., The effect of different methods to add nitrogen to titanium alloys on the properties of titanium nitride clad layers, Materials and Design. 54 (2014) 222-229
Szczepanik, et al., Hybrid artificial immune system in identification of room acoustic properties, Inverse Problems in Science and Engineering, Taylor & Frances, 2013
Musztyfaga, et al., Application examples for the different measurement modes of electrical properties of the solar cells, Arch.

With respect to process control, the heating process is in many cases controlled by giving a predetermined time-power curve without control of the billet condition, which results in poor reproducibility if there are some other disturbing factors.
Flow length + + o - ++ + Typical Defects and Mechanical Properties Along with the semi-solid processing characteristic defects occur in SSM formed steel parts.
An insufficient pressure impact during solidification together with poor feeding properties of the steels causes porosity, either on a micro- or macroscopic scale.
Regarding part properties some basic studies in laboratory scale showed that the mechanical properties of semi solid processed steels could reach similar levels as in forged parts [5,14,15].
[41] Plansee-Group: Products Information Brochure "Material Properties and Applications of Molybdenum", "http://www.plansee.com/hlw/im_materials_ENG_HTML.htm"

In these models, residual stress is one of the most important factors that affect crack growth [1] and is relatively difficult to obtain enough data.
The chemical composition and the mechanical property are shown in Table 1.
The difference between σx and σz, as shown in Fig.5 (b), was investigated in order to avoid the influence of error due Table 1 Chemical composition and mechanical properties of rail used in this study.

However, for practical applications of these ultrafine grained steels, it is essential to evaluate their mechanical properties and understand the microstructure-mechanical property correlation in detail.
Reduction in area is affected by second phases and inclusions.
Measurement of grain boundary misorientation was carried (1)Uniform elongation (2)Non- uniform elongation (%) 100 0 0 x S S S RA − = Nominal Strain (3)Reduction in area Fig.1 Three factors regarding formability.

Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their unique structural, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.
However, unsatisfactory electrical properties have been observed for composites prepared by melt mixing.
Therefore, the conditions of melt mixing are crucial to electrical properties of a CNT/polymer composite.
Results and discussion Electrical properties.
Electrical properties of those composites before and after annealing are summarized in Table 1.

This research could be valuable for the development of application to edible coating and MAP for improving the shelf - life properties of sweet persimmons.
The most common browning reactions in fruits are resulting from enzymatically catalyzed reactions, mainly by PPO (EC 1.14.18.1) in the presence of oxygen[1] especially the fruits with mechanical wound.
Naphthylacetate is one kind of plant growth regulators, which affects polyamine levels within the organization probably by controlling polyamine synthetic enzyme activity[4], thus slowing down the aging of fruits.
(a) PPO activity and (b) MDAcontent of sweet persimmons during storage at - 0.3 ~ 0 °C PPO activity PPO is considered one major factor involved in enzymatic browning which generally results from the oxidation of phenolic substrates and brings about drop of sensory quality.

Post-processed cutter location file, machine tool characteristics (structure and CNC controller) and cutting tool properties are used as inputs to carry out the simulations.
Hence, a frequency control factor is introduced.
By making the input parameters vary within the range defined by the equipment properties, MRR evolution simulation is enabled.
In addition to that, the simulation tool can determine the kinematic properties to meet productivity requirements.
From the machined surface properties point of view, form errors are an important characteristic to ensure the quality of parts and assemblies.

The effects of the chemical interaction between slag and refractory on the physical and chemical properties of the slag, such as viscosity, melting point, change of composition, solid phase formation, were also investigated.
Which of the two phenomena plays the most important role in refractory failure is depending on the variety of chemical and physical factors of the whole system.
Since slag viscosity is strongly affected by the presence of solid particles, different equations have been proposed in the literature [18,19] to calculate the viscosity taking into consideration the presence of second phases.
Application of Selection Criteria and Tools to Industrial Refractories Selection of refractory among materials with appropriate thermo-mechanical properties, must fulfil the requirements of corrosion resistance but, at the same time, it is necessary to avoid detrimental effects on the slag quality due to uncontrolled increase of viscosity or contamination with hazardous species (like Cr2O3).

Through the pore water pressure monitoring, hierarchical settlement monitoring, inclinometer and ground surface subsidence, use the conventional soil test, load test, static cone penetration test, Rayleigh wave detection and combined with liquid nitrogen vacuum refrigeration system, SEM micro-structure analysis and computer image processing technology to carry out soft soil micro-structure test, by the dynamic drainage consolidation carried out before and after saturated soil microstructure analysis and evaluation of qualitative and quantitative research methods, showing that the pretreatment of saturated soft foundation has an obvious effect: soft soil consolidation by drainage, the physical and mechanical parameters were significantly enhanced, bearing capacity were increased, deep sand liquefaction improved.
Earthquake engineering research and applications Seismic conceptual design.The key of seismic design is to maintain the functions of the building , ensure the property and personal safety when small earthquakes occur; if rare event occur in the event of earthquake, the building itself can maintain the vertical supports to absorb the seismic energy, and allow cracks occur in concrete and steel yield, to prevent building collapse and protect the safety of human life.
To Structural features of Guangdong Science Center, an integrated consider the importance of structure, importance of develop Long Span Structures to the Guangdong and abroad and the socio-economic factors of Guangdong Science centere such as comprehensive benefits, from the start of seismic performance-based design, put forward the concept of seismic design of complex structure, that is the Guangdong Science Center A, B zone and C, D, F, G four permanent exhibition galleries designed by seismic processing techniques, isolation treatment for the E zone，(Figure 2).
As the shape factor provided by the standard does not specifically consider the building in which the surrounding environment, atmospheric boundary layer, three-dimensional flow of air, therefore calculation according to structure wind loads, in general is conservative bias, in some local is not enough security.
Figure 4 wind tunnel test model Figure 5 Three layers of fireproof map Performance-based fire design research and application Fire district of architectural design.According to the guiding principles of " code for fire protection design of tall buildings "and reference foreign relevant design methods and experience, combined with architectural characteristics, divide the fire protection districts: semi-underground and overhead layers is 5~8.3m, floor-storey is 5m, fire district area index is within the "high regulation" prescribed limits; part of the two-story district-storey is 12m, partition size ranged from 2637.0 to 7034.3m2, the fire district of atrium area is a great space ,has 25028.9m2, the maximum height up to 60 m; three-storey is from 12 to 24m, fire district area ranging from 1308.9 to 5569.2m2 (Figure 5); four-storey, five-storey are subsidiary offices, has a relatively small area, not only separate difficult but also affect the effect of interior space, therefore